MASYARAKAT: Jurnal Sosiologi
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146 research outputs found
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Socio-Economic Status and Social Capital: A Multicausal Analysis of Bullying Among Highschool Students in Karawang, West Java
No full text AbstrakJumlah kasus perundungan (bullying) yang tinggi di kalangan pelajar merupakan salah satu permasalahan pendidikan di Indonesia. Studi-studi sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa status sosial ekonomi (SSE), modal sosial, etnisitas dan pola asuh merupakan faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya praktik perundungan di sekolah. Siswa dengan tingkat SSE rendah lebih sering menjadi korban perundungan dibandingkan siswa yang memiliki tingkat SSE tinggi. Begitupun dengan modal sosial, siswa yang memiliki tingkat popularitas rendah dan jaringan sosial yang lemah lebih rawan dirundung teman-temannya. Selain itu, seringkali korban perundungan juga merupakan siswa yang berasal dari etnis minoritas. Siswa yang menjadi korban perundungan juga berkaitan dengan didikan orang tua yang keras dan overprotective (melindungi secara berlebihan). Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif berupa survei dan teknik olah data regresi logistik biner, dalam artikel ini penulis hanya menggunakan dua variabel utama, yaitu SSE dan modal sosial, yang kemudian dilakukan analisis multisebab terhadap kedua variabel tersebut secara bersamaan untuk melihat faktor yang lebih dominan dalam mempengaruhi praktik perundungan di sekolah. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang memiliki modal sosial rendah 6 kali lebih berpotensi menjadi korban dibandingkan dengan siswa yang memiliki modal sosial tinggi. Sementara itu, variabel tingkat SSE dinyatakan tidak berkorelasi dengan viktimisasi perundungan di SMAN X di Karawang, Jawa Barat. Oleh karena itu, variabel modal sosial diketahui merupakan faktor yang lebih dominan sebagai penyebab terjadinya praktik perundungan dibandingkan dengan variabel tingkat SSE. AbstractThe high number of bullying cases among students is one of the problems of education in Indonesia. Previous studies stated that socio economic status (SES), social capital, ethnicity and parenting were the factors leading to the practice of bullying in schools. Students with low SES levels more often fall victim to bullying compared to students who have high SES levels. Likewise, with social capital, students who have a low level of popularity and weak social networks are more vulnerable of bullying from their friends.In addition, victims of bullying are often students from ethnic minorities. Students who become victims of bullying also tend to have strict and overprotective parents. By using a quantitative approach in the form of a survey and binary logistic regression data processing technique, in this article the author uses two main variables, namely SES and social capital, which is then analysed using multicausal analysis simultaneously to observe the more dominant factors in influencing the practice of bullying at school. The results show that students who have low social capital are six times more likely to be victims than students who have high social capital.Meanwhile, the SES level variable is stated not to correlate with bullying in SMAN X in Karawang, West Java. Therefore, the variable of social capital is known to be a more dominant factor as a causeof the practice of bullying compared to the variable of SES level
Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) Among the Youth in Indonesia: The Effects of Social Activities, Access to Information, and Language Skills on NEET Youth
No full textThis article attempts to describe the prevalence of NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) among youth aged 15-24 in Indonesia. Those grouped as NEET, in general, live in a high risk and vulnerable condition, and many of them face social injustice. Previous analysis on NEET in Indonesia utilized labor force surveys; these studies emphasized on employment and education background of individuals. Whereas this article constructs NEET from the SUSENAS (National Socio-Economic Survey) and related MSBP (Module of Social, Cultural, and Education) of 2015, which are household surveys. We found that almost one in four youth in Indonesia are neither engage in employment nor education or training. NEET is more prevalent among youth women, those residing in rural areas, and among rural married women. The richness of information collected in these surveys enable us to analyze factors affecting Indonesian youth to be NEET beyond those related to work-related issues. By using logit regression analysis, this article explains reasons for youth being NEET based on their engagement in social activities, access to information, and capability to read and write in Bahasa Indonesia and foreign languages.  
Actor-Network and Translation in Engineering Laboratory: A Case Study of Universitas Indonesia Civil Engineering Testing Laboratory
No full text Penggunaan Teori Aktor-Jaringan (TAJ) di Indonesia telah diterapkan di berbagai bidang, seperti kajian kredit mikro, budi daya terumbu karang, kontestasi energi terbarukan, dan relasi sipil-militer. Namun, di Indonesia TAJ masih sangat jarang digunakan untuk meneliti laboratorium sebagai perkumpulan (assemblage) yang berjalan, kendati peranannya yang penting dalam memproduksi pengetahuan teknis. Guna mengisi kekosongan tersebut, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan penerapan TAJ pada kerja laboratorium, khusus di Laboratorium Struktur dan Material serta Laboratorium Uji Teknik Sipil Universitas Indonesia menggunakan konsep proses translasi. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa laboratorium tersusun bukan hanya oleh aktor manusia, seperti ahli-ahli yang otoritatif, tetapi juga aktor non-manusia–contoh: gedung dan peralatan atau mesin. Seiring performanya, laboratorium membentuk asosiasi, yang tidak hanya menbangun tetapi juga memutus atau memilih relasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan jaringan tanpa harus seluruh aktor menyadari akan proses tersebut. Hal ini mengindikasikan keterbatasan ANT dalam mendeteksi ihwal-ihwal di luar tindakan dalam pembentukan jaringan. Pendekatan metode kualitatif diterapkan mengingat itulah yang paling tepat untuk dapat menerapkan prinsip pelacakan aktor dalam TAJ. Actor-Network Theory (ANT) has been implemented to study various topics in Indonesian contexts such as microcredit, coral reef, contestation within the sustainable energy project, and civil-military relations. However, ANT is seldom used to examine laboratories as working assemblages in Indonesia, despite its crucial role in producing technological knowledge. In order to fill that research gap, this article intends to illustrate ANT implementation in studying the work of a laboratory, specifically at the Materials and Structure Lab and Civil Engineering Testing Lab of Universitas Indonesia using the concept or process of translation. This study found that a laboratory consists not only of human actors, such as authoritative experts, but alsoof non-human actors—e.g. buildings and equipment or machines. During its performance, the laboratory establishes an association, which is not only by creating, but also cutting off or choosing relations in accordance with the needs of the network, without all the actors being fully aware of it. This shows ANT’s limit in investigating elements outside the actions of actors in creating a network. The qualitative methodological approach is utilized with the consideration of better meeting the principles of ANT in following or tracing actors. 
Welfare Regime Transformation in Indonesia: A Citizenship Debate
No full text This article discusses Indonesian welfare regime outlook by using citizenship framework. It is argued that transformation of Indonesian welfare regime from productivist characteristic to universalism has been disrupted by the discourse of communitarian citizenship and market citizenship that has become path-dependency of welfare configuration in contemporary Indonesia. This circumstance has become an endogenous factor that obstructs innovations and changes within an administrative body of universal social protection. By using evidences from Indonesia experiences, this article can be used to develop a further understanding on the complexity of relations between welfare provision and citizenship in the context of developing countries. 
Religious Tolerance in the Hidden Curriculum
No full textReligious intolerance is spreading within the Indonesian institution of education. Previous studies have shown that the growth of intolerance is due to the state’s regulation and pedagogical apparatus. In contrast to the previous studies, I argue that the intolerance is related to hidden curriculum applied by the institution of education. Normatively, the hidden curriculum contains the value of religious tolerance. However, factually, the author found that there are practices of intolerance, through the formal and informal spheres in the school’s structure, within the hidden curriculum. This article applies a qualitative approach with a mixed method research strategy to analyze data collected from students, teachers, and alumnis through field observation, in-depth interview, and survey
Social Control of the Family on Juvenile Post-Drug Rehabilitation Relapse Behavior
No full textArtikel ini membahas mengenai kontrol sosial keluarga pada anak pasca rehabilitasi narkoba. Anak yang keluar dari program rehabilitasi akan mengalami proses resosialisasi yaitu sosialisasi kembali pada lingkungan baru atau lingkungan lama yang ditinggalkannya. Studi sebelumnya menjelaskan bahwa dalam proses resosialisasi anak pasca rehabilitasi narkoba dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan sosial dan keluarga. Proses resosialisasi yang berdampingan dengan kontrol sosial keluarga dapat mencegah terjadinya perilaku anak kembali menggunakan narkoba atau relapse. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif. Penelitian ini mengambil data primer pada anak kategori usia (12-18 tahun), belum menikah, dan sudah pernah melaksanakan rehabilitasi narkoba. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara ikatan emosional dengan kontrol disiplin love-oriented. Ikatan emosional yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini cenderung negatif dengan kontrol disiplin love-oriented sehingga mendorong perilaku anak kembali relapse. Lebih lanjut, hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa bentuk metode disiplin yang digunakan orangtua dapat berimplikasi berbeda bagi setiap anak, sehingga tidak dapat ditentukan bentuk metode kontrol apa yang tepat dalam mengontrol perilaku anak. 
Self Representation Among Dark Skin People Concerning Discourse of Beauty
No full textThis article aims to see how’s dark skin people perceive the color of their skin either it’s beautiful or ugly. Up until now, being beautiful categorized as those with fair skin, including Indonesian. This is important to be seen because how you represent yourself related to your identity− who you are or how do you want to be seen. Either they are confident with their skin or not, it is their way of self representation which they got from identity negotiation. But, among dark skin people there always be people who confidently represents their identity against the beauty discourse or counter-discourse. Previous literature reviews show there are two reason can cause counter-discourse: recognition and negotiation. Recognition is an act actor does to fight the mainstream discourse, meanwhile negotiation is about negotiating about what they have. My argument here is women can counter the discourse because of negotiation, they have free choice and body autonomy. Also, they have power to counter the discourse by bargaining power. This article uses qualitative research with in-depth interview towards nine female informants with spesific range of age: 16 – 24 because those ages are ages with huge internet usage. Skin tone classification for informant selection is based on Fitzpatrick skin type scale. Research findings show seven from nine informants have done counter the beauty discourse. Informants also explained how their personality or skills could be their bargaining power which made them easier to counter the beauty discourse. Beside that, informant also have done negotiate their identity from accepted the beauty discourse about desirable skin tones, into counter it. The process did not come out of the blue, but also it need both internal and external factors role. Internal factor is self-consciousness about beauty itself while external factors from family, peer or media socialization
