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PENGARUH JUMLAH SUDU TERHADAP DAYA DAN EFISIENSI TURBIN AIR CROSSFLOW UNTUK PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA PICO HIDRO
Get PDFIndonesia has the potential for water energy that can be utilized as a pico-scale hydroelectric power plant or PLTPH. Water is a renewable energy (EBT) which has the potential to be developed in Indonesia due to the geographical conditions that have a lot of water in mountainous areas as well as irrigation for residential areas. Water turbines can convert water energy into electrical energy. One type of turbine that can be utilized is a crossflow water turbine. This study aims to determine the effect of the number of blades with the use of a nozzle on the power and efficiency of the turbine produced by the crossflow water turbine. The study used experimental methods, the data obtained were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. Variations in the number of blades used in the study were blades with a total of 18 blades, 20 blades, and 22 blades, as well as variations in the angle of attack of the nozzle used, namely 20⁰, 25⁰, 30⁰, 35⁰, and 40⁰. The results showed that there was an effect of using the number of blades and nozzle diameter. The power and efficiency of the turbine fluctuate based on the water discharge. The highest data was obtained at a water discharge of 25.33 l/m, namely using a number of 22 blades using a nozzle diameter of 7 mm to produce 9.47 watts of electric power with an efficiency of 58%
PIROLISIS CAMPURAN BIOMASSA LIMBAH SEKAM PADI DAN LIMBAH PLASTIK LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE MENGGUNAKAN KOMPOR BIOMASSA
Get PDFThe demand for fuel oil is increasing day by day, resulting in the depletion of oil and gas reserves in Indonesia. Rice husk waste biomass and low-density polyethylene plastic are wastes that can be utilized as alternative fuel sources by pyrolysis method. Pyrolysis is the process of burning organic and synthetic materials in conditions of little or no oxygen by utilizing heat from high temperature combustion. Pyrolysis method processing requires a heater to burn the material during the process. Efforts that can be made are the use of biomass stoves as the right solution because of the availability of abundant and cheap raw materials, biomass stoves can also provide solutions to reduce the impact of environmental pollution smoke. The purpose of this study was to determine the temperature produced by the biomass stove and the effect of the comparison of the composition of the biomass mixture of rice husk waste and low density polyethylene plastic waste on the quantity of pyrolysis oil. This research uses experimental method with quantitative descriptive analysis technique. This research was conducted by pyrolyzing a mixture of rice husk biomass waste and low density polyethylene plastic waste with variations in composition ratio of 0%:100%, 25%:75%, 50%:50%, 75%:25%, and 100%:0%. The pyrolyzed oil was then filtered and tested for quantity. The test results show that the biomass stove can be used as a heater in a pyrolysis device with a capacity of 4 kg of coconut shell briquettes. The use of coconut shell briquettes as fuel has the advantage of being able to produce higher heat and last longer than charcoal. The biomass stove can produce the highest pyrolysis temperature reaching 665.5°C at the bottom, 541°C in the middle, and 430.3°C at the top. There is an effect of variation in the composition of the mixture of rice husk waste and low-density polyethylene plastic waste on the quantity of pyrolysis oil. The composition of more rice husk waste compared to low density polyethylene plastic waste produces less quantity of pyrolysis oil, while the comparison of the composition of more low density polyethylene plastic waste compared to rice husk waste produces pyrolysis oil with more quantity. This can be seen from the quantity of pyrolysis oil produced ranging from 265 ml to 853.3 ml
STUDI KARAKTERISTIK PROSES PIROLISIS CEPAT RDF-5 BEBRBAHAN DASAR LIMBAH AREN DAN KOPI DENGAN PENGIKAT LIMBAH PLASTIK TERHADAP KUANTITAS BIO-OIL
Get PDFCurrently, the Indonesian people are faced with various problems in terms of waste management, both organic and inorganic waste. Some of the wastes that can be used are palm waste, coffee grounds and HDPE plastic waste which can be used as alternative fuels, one of which is through the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is a process of chemical decomposition of a material thermally in the absence of oxygen. This pyrolysis process converts RDF-5 biomass into a liquid smoke product in the form of bio-oil. This study aims to determine the quantity of pyrolysis oil through the best variation of the composition ratio used. In this study used composition ratio variables, namely 50%:30%:20%, 40%:40%:20%, and 30%:50%:20%. The results of this study obtained the best quantity from a mixture ratio of 50% palm waste, 30% coffee grounds and 20% HDPE plastic to produce 200 ml. The composition ratio affects the quantity of pyrolysis oil results. RDF-5 from palm waste and coffee grounds with HDPE plastic waste binder produces a quantity that tends to decrease as the composition ratio of palm waste waste decreases
Pengembangan E-Modul Turbin Angin (Savonius Heliks) dengan Model 4-D Pada Mata Kuliah Energi Terbarukan di Prodi Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
Get PDFRenewable energy technologies are currently being developed, one of which is wind turbines. There are two types of wind turbines, namely the vertical axis and the horizontal axis. One of the horizontal wind turbines is the helical savonius. The development of this technology can help the development of renewable energy. The Mechanical Engineering Education study program is testing wind turbines to help students understand wind turbine technology. Through this research a practicum module will be created to assist students in carrying out wind turbine practicum.This electronic module validates the material and media. The results of the material validation stated the suitability of the material in accordance with the material on wind turbines that had been taught in wind turbine courses. The results of the media validation state that the design is attractive and easy to read so that students can understand the electronic module
PENYELARASAN KURIKULUM SMK KOMPETENSI KEAHLIAN TEKNIK KENDARAAN RINGAN OTOMOTIF DENGAN KOMPETENSI INDUSTRI
Get PDFThe development of this fast era makes competition to get a job to increase and become more difficult. In the current competition in the industrial world, it demands an increase in the quality of Human Resources through education. Vocational High School Education also prepares its graduates to go directly into the world of industry, but there are still limitations between the need for human resources in industry and the human resources produced by educational institutions. So therefore Curriculum development in Vocational High Schools is developed by prioritizing the needs of society, one of which is the need to be able to compete directly in industry. The aims of this research are: (1) To find out the alignment process between the SMK curriculum and industry. (2) Knowing how far the curriculum in SMK is aligned with the world of work in industry. (3) Knowing whether the SMK curriculum with industry is feasible. The method used in the automotive concentration curriculum alignment activities at SMKs uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research. Data collection techniques using techniquespupose sampling. Data collection techniques in this study used data collection techniques in the form of interviews, documents, and observations. The research documents include the Merdeka Curriculum, K13 Curriculum, service books, vehicle inspection sheets, and the results of the FGD minutes. Data analysis techniques in this study used content analysis techniques (analysis content). The research locations were limited to 2 SMK, namely: SMKN 2 Surakarta and SMK Warga Surakarta and three industries, namely: Toyota Nasmoco Ringroad, Daihatsu Adi Sucipto, and Suzuki Pabelan (PT. Solo Indonesia Utama). The data obtained is then juxtaposed between the curriculum and competencies in the industry in tabular form so that it can be seen which curriculum and competencies are not aligned. The results of this study are: The curriculum between automotive engineering vocational schools and industrial competencies is aligned, this is evidenced by the existenceforum grub discussion (FGD) between the SMK and the automotive industry
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN BOX POWER IGNITION TERHADAP KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR SEPEDA MOTOR KARBURATOR
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the influence of voltage variations in box power ignition on the fuel consumption of a 2011 Honda Supra X 125 motorcycle. One way is to use box power ignition. The research method used is experimental. This research data was obtained using samples of Honda Supra X 125 motorcycle in 2011. The independent variable is the use of box power ignition with voltage variations of 14.4 V to 15.9 V. The dependent variable fuel consumption measured through stationary and road tests on predetermined routes. The maximum fuel consumption in stationary tests was obtained at a voltage variation of 14.7 V, measuring 2.54 ml/minute, a decrease of 0.98 ml/minute. The average fuel consumption increase was 3.55 ml/min. The maximum fuel consumption in road tests was obtained at a voltage variation of 15.3 V, measuring 28.13 m/ml, an increase of 11.46 m/ml. The average fuel consumptionincrease was 22.92 m/ml from the standard condition
ANALISA PERBANDINGAN KNALPOT STANDAR DAN KNALPOT FREE FLOW TERHADAP PERFORMA MESIN 4 LANGKAH 155 CC
Get PDFMotor performance is one of the things that must be considered in motorized vehicles. Motor performance also influences the type of exhaust system, namely the muffler. Many people don't know how big the influence of the exhaust free flow on engine performance. In this study using Yamaha Nmax Old 2016. The aims of this study were: (1) To find out the difference in torque and power produced by a motorbike between the use of a standard NMAX 155 CC exhaust and a standard exhaust free flow. (2) Knowing the difference in fuel consumption produced by motorcycles between the use of a standard NMAX 155 CC exhaust and exhaust free flow. (3) Knowing the difference in exhaust emissions produced by motorbikes between the use of the standard NMAX 155 CC exhaust and the exhaust free flow. The research method used is experimental. The data for this study were obtained by measuring a sample of the Yamaha NMAX Old 2016 motorcycle. The independent variables were the standard exhaust and the exhaust free flow. The dependent variables are torque, power, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. The data obtained were then analyzed using quantitative descriptive techniques by describing them in the form of graphs and tables. The results of this study are: (1) Use of Muffler free flow has a lower effect on the torque and power generated by the Yamaha NMAX Old 2016 motorcycle. (2) Use of Muffler free flow has a higher effect on fuel consumption produced by Yamaha NMAX Old 2016 motorbikes. (3) Use of Muffler free flow has an influence on increasing levels of exhaust emission content produced by Yamaha NMAX Old 2016 motorbikes
PENGEMBANGAN E-MODUL PRAKTIKUM BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING PADA MATA KULIAH PRAKTIK MOTOR BAKAR LANJUT DI PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK MESIN UNS
Get PDFThis study aims to (1) produce a practical teaching material in the form of a practicum e-module for advanced fuel motor practice courses in the Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program which is declared feasible (2) find out the practicality of practicum e-modules in advanced fuel motor practice courses in the Mechanical Engineering Study Program.This research uses the type of research development or Research and Development (R&D). The development model used is the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The instruments used in this study included practicum e-module requirement sheets, practicum e-module validation sheets by experts, research sheets for lecturers in advanced fuel motor practice courses and student response sheets. Trials of the practicum e-module product were carried out for students of the Mechanical Engineering Education study program class of 2021 who are currently taking an advanced fuel motor practice course. Data analysis used in this research is descriptive quantitative and descriptive qualitative.Based on the results of the analysis of the validation sheet by the experts, it was found that the practicum e-module was declared feasible to use with a score of 88.8% for the results of material experts in the very feasible category, 86.4% for media experts in the very feasible category, and linguists showing a percentage score of 97.5% very decent category. Based on the results of the analysis of the practicum e-module practicum sheet by student responses and the assessment of lecturers supporting advanced fuel motor practice courses, it shows that the practicum e-module is stated to be practical with an average result of student response percentage scores of 88.9% in the very practical category and the assessment of supervising lecturers shows a score of 85.3% with the very practical category. So that the practicum e-module is declared feasible and practically used by students as teaching material in supporting the learning of advanced fuel motor practice course
ANALISIS RELEVANSI MATA KULIAH DI PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK MESIN DENGAN DUNIA KERJA PARA LULUSAN
Get PDFCurrent technological developments are called the industrial era 4.0 and society 5.0. Currently, education in Indonesia is experiencing an increase in the quality of higher education, namely with the issuance of the Independent Learning Campus policy which was launched by the Ministry of Education and Culture in 2020. In designing the 2021 Curriculum Study Program PTM FKIP UNS has a relationship with the needs of teacher competence, the curriculum applied in SMK, and the need for expertise competence in the industrial world. In this study, researchers will examine using a tracer study method for graduates of Mechanical Engineering Education UNS and the relevance of Mechanical Engineering Education courses at Sebelas Maret University Surakarta, especially according to alumni who graduated in 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020. Research objectives This is "To Analyze The Relevance Of Courses In PTM With The World Of Work Of Graduates". The results of the research conducted by the author are expected to be useful as input in the Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program of FKIP UNS regarding curriculum development, both regarding aspects of planning, implementing, and evaluating curriculum. The design of this research is descriptive exploratory research which aims to describe the state of a phenomenon. In this study, it is not intended to test certain hypotheses, only to describe the existence of a variable, symptom or situation. Where the variables involved in the research will be described quantitatively (according to numerical data). The research data are alumni of graduates or graduations in 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020. The research method used is descriptive analysis data analysis method with quantitative approach to outcome-based education exploration. The results of the study stated that the level was very high, and the irrelevant ones were approximately 10 - 11 courses or 10% of the 66 - 67 courses in mechanical engineering education. It is hoped that the Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program will increase the level of relevance of courses in synchronization with the curriculum and needs in the world of work and society in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 and society 5.0
PIROLISIS CAMPURAN BIOMASSA LIMBAH AMPAS KOPI DAN LIMBAH PLASTIK POLYPROPYLENE
Get PDFThe need for energy progressively increase, meanwhile fossil fuel reserves gradually decrease since it is nonrenewable resourses. Coffee grounds and polypropylene plastic waste can be used as alternative fuels. One of the ways to use coffee grounds and plastic waste as fuel is through the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is a chemical decomposition process of a material thermally in the absence of oxygen which converts RDF-4 into a liquid smoke product in the form of oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the comparison of the composition of the mixture of coffee grounds and polypropylene plastic waste on the quantity of pyrolysis oil. This study uses an experimental method with quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. This research was carried out by means of a pyrolysis process on RDF-4 a mixture of coffee grounds biomass waste and polypropylene plastic waste with various composition ratios of 0%:100%, 25%:75%, 50%:50%, 75%:25%, and 100%:0%. The pyrolysis oil is then filtered, for later testing the quantity. The test shows that there is an effect of variations in the ratio of the composition of the biomass mixture to the quantity of pyrolysis oil. RDF-4 from coffee grounds waste mixed with polypropyelene plastic waste produces a quantity that tends to decrease as the ratio of coffee grounds composition decreases. RDF-4 which is not mixed with coffee grounds or has a composition ratio of coffee grounds less than the composition ratio of polypropylene plastic waste produces pyrolysis oil with more quantity and quality that tends to be better than the ratio of other RDF-4 compositions. The quantity of pyrolysis oil produced ranged from 219.33 ml to. 1026.67 ml. RDF-4 from 100% polypropylene plastic waste produces pyrolysis oil with the highest quantity of 1026.67 ml with the highest pyrolysis temperature achieved 391°C at T1, 345.5 °C at T2, and 367.75 °C at T3