Institut für Höhere Studien - Institute for Advanced Studies
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Übertragung der psychologischen Compliance-Forschung auf die Präventionsleistungen der Unfallversicherungsträger
Get PDFThe psychological research on compliance analyzes the psychological factors that determine why people adhere to rules or not. Based on empirical studies, tax compliance research identified important basic factors (attitudes, motivation, distributive and procedural fairness, social norms, etc.) that determine why people comply with the tax law. On this basis, models such as the Slippery Slope Framework were developed which describe how regulative bodies can influence compliance based on their coercive and legitimate power. In the present study, this psychological compliance research is used to analyze the prevention measures of the German Statutory Accident Insurance Institutions. It is concluded that the combination of different prevention services is essential and ensures high voluntary compliance. Nonetheless, empirical research is necessary to fully utilize the insights of compliance research for the prevention services.
Die psychologische Compliance-Forschung analysiert, warum Menschen sich an Regeln halten. In der Steuerforschung konnten auf Basis von empirischen Studien wichtige grundlegende Faktoren (Einstellungen, Motivation, distributive und prozedurale Gerechtigkeit, soziale Normen etc.) der Compliance identifiziert werden. Auf dieser Basis können Modelle wie das Slippery Slope Framework beschreiben, wie sich die Compliance von Unternehmen durch die Zwangsmacht und legitime Macht von Behörden beeinflussen lässt. In der vorliegenden Studie wird die psychologische Compliance-Forschung genutzt, um die Wirkmechanismen der Präventionsleistungen der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherungsträger in Deutschland zu analysieren. Schließlich wird dargestellt, dass besonders die Kombination von verschiedenen Präventionsleistungen wichtig ist und die freiwillige Compliance sicherstellen kann. Empirische Untersuchungen sind nötig, um die Erkenntnisse der Compliance-Forschung vollumfänglich für die Präventionsleistungen nutzbar zu machen
Female Domestic Cleaners in the Gig-Economy: Status Construction on the Informal Labour Market
No full textPrevious studies show that gig-economy-supported work opens new ways in which gender inequalities are (re)produced. This is especially the case regarding female cleaning staff in private households, where gender inequalities intersect with migratory experience, ascribed ethnicity or socioeconomic background. The spatially and linguistically fragmented group predominantly works on the informal labour market and poses a challenge for trade union strategies as well as for scientific research, which is reflected in the insufficient data available to date.
The aim of the research project GigClean, funded by the digitalisation fund of the Vienna Chamber of Labour, is to close this gap. The methodological design consists of 15 problem-centered interviews (PCI) with female platform-based cleaning workers in private households in Vienna. Interviews are conducted anonymously and, if desired, in the first language of the workers. The study is accompanied by an advisory board consisting of labor law experts and trade unionists to develop information material for household cleaners regarding their own rights.
This paper discusses the symbolic and material violence that cleaners encounter as they perform their jobs in isolated and unprotected environments. The findings reveal that the logic of the platforms, namely the visible oversupply of workers, enhances reserve army mechanisms and therewith wage pressure and underpayment. Overall, interviewees highlight experiences with behavior from clients that intentionally or unintentionally targets to damage their personal autonomy, bodily integrity and dignity. However, the aim to reclaim agency by setting social boundaries was mentioned as a common approach by the interviewees. Rather than remaining in a submissive role, cleaners construct a sense of independence, pride and power, e.g. by demonstratively showing not to be intimidated by threats of being reported as illegal worker or accusations of theft. These strategies for status construction in partially degrading working places will be the focus of the paper
Careers of Female Early-Stage Researchers with Childcare Responsibilities in the COVID19-Pandemic
No full textSince the beginning of the pandemic, there has been a decline in women's scientific publications as well as a decline in women's first authorship of publications, and therewith a decline in accomplishments that are central to a successful university career. The hypothesized explanatory context is that female scientists with children were forced to spend more time with caring, raising, and homeschooling. A pandemic-induced increase in caregiving may result in significant career harms for researchers with fixed-term prae doc or post doc contracts, such as reduced opportunities for follow-up employment or the loss of grants due to failure to meet performance agreements.
The central interest of the CAREDEMIA study is to investigate career trajectories and perspectives of female early-stage scientists with children in need of care in Vienna in the context of intensified unpaid care work in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The project is funded by City of Vienna and the Vienna Chamber of Labour. The methodological design consists of 15 problem-centered interviews (PCI) with female researchers with temporary prae doc or post doc contracts at one of the nine public universities in Vienna.
The results demonstrate processes of retraditionalization in relationships (“couple fellowships”), the institutional expectation of a consistent level of work performance, a higher workload, e.g. in the form of unpaid work for preparing online classes, a higher demand of caregiving and emotional labor even outside the household level, e.g. from students, supervisors, or siblings, feelings of isolation, a turn away from the goal of a scientific career, but also more time to spend with the child(ren) and the increase of participation opportunities in academic meetings, teachings and conferences through digitalization. Overall, the study provides evidence that the incompatibility of motherhood and academic careers on prae doc and post doc level may be further enhanced in the course of the pandemic
The curse of comparison
No full textComparing ourselves with others makes us … unhappy. That is especially true, if we set the bar too high. Economist Jaroslava Hlouskova has derived formulas that can give a better picture of how this behavior influences decisions about consumption and investment. Her research is in the field of prospect theory that sees households as being driven not exclusively by rationality, but also by reference dependence and loss aversion
Wirtschaftsprognose für Niederösterreich: Jahresbericht und vierter Quartalsbericht 2022
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Hochschulen in einer von Volatilität geprägten Welt. Exemplarische Beiträge aus Hochschulforschung und Praxis
Get PDFThe Political Economy of the Frankfurt School
Get PDFThe paper presents the findings of two recent books on the financial history of the Frankfurt School: Jeanette Erazo-Heufelder, Der argentinische Krösus: Kleine Wirtschaftsgeschichte der Frankfurter Schule, 2017, and Bertus Mulder, Sophie Louisa Kwaak und das Kapital der Unternehmerfamilie Weil. Ein Beitrag zur Wirtschaftsgeschichte der Frankfurter Schule, 2021 (Dutch original 2015). In contrast to the “court histories” of the school, the two authors tell the story of the money that brought the school to life and secured its existence throughout a turbulent period of history. At the center of the books are individuals who have been sidelined until now or even completely ignored by the literature on the Frankfurt School: on the one hand, Felix Weil, who founded and financed the Institute of Social Research and, on the other hand, Erich A. Nadel and Sophie L. Kwaak, two employees of the holding company who managed the accounts of the Weil family and the Institute’s foundations and were responsible for protecting the assets from being seized by Nazis. The books’ thick descriptions induced the author of the present paper to consider an alternative perspective on the Frankfurt School by contemplating Max Horkheimer and Friedrich Pollock as playing confidential games with Weil and others