Institut für Höhere Studien - Institute for Advanced Studies
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Gender-Monitoring : Relevanz von Monitoring für reflexive Gleichstellungspolitik
Get PDFUniversitäre Gleichstellungspolitik verfolgt entsprechend dem in der europäischen Gleichstellungspolitik dominierenden dreidimensionalen Gleichstellungskonstrukt folgende Ziele: Sie soll Frauen und Männern die gleichen Karrierechancen eröffnen, vorhandene Barrieren für Frauen und andere unterrepräsentierte Gruppen abbauen und die Genderdimension nicht nur in den Strukturen der Universität, sondern auch in Forschung und Lehre verankern. Um dies zu erreichen, werden im Rahmen einer reflexiven Gleichstellungspolitik zuerst konkrete Ziele formuliert, anschließend werden Maßnahmen zur Erreichung dieser Ziele entwickelt, dann werden die Maßnahmen umgesetzt, einem Monitoring und schließlich einer Evaluation unterzogen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird nach der Rolle von empirischer Evidenz in einem reflexiven Gleichstellungsprozess und insbesondere nach den Zielen und den Funktionen von Monitoring in diesem Prozess gefragt. Anhand von drei Beispielen aus österreichischen Universitäten wird gezeigt, wie reflexive Gleichstellungspolitiken idealerweise konkret gestaltet sind und welche Funktion das Monitoring der Maßnahmen in diesem Kontext übernehmen kann. Auf Basis der Beispiele werden schließlich allgemeine Hinweise für die Gestaltung eines Monitorings von Gleichstellungspolitik formuliert und auf mögliche Fallstricke und Probleme hingewiesen. Ausgerichtet auf ist Monitoring ein wichtiger und unterstützender Teil eines reflexiven Gleichstellungsprozesses und kann wesentlich zur erfolgreichen Umsetzung von Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen beitragen
Diskriminierungserfahrungen der Studierenden mit Fokus auf die Dimension Geschlecht. Zusatzbericht der Studierenden-Sozialerhebung 2023
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Sociological, postcolonial, and critical theory foundations of engineering ethics education
Get PDFThree sociological approaches and their contributions to engineering ethics are discussed in this chapter: critical theory, postcolonial theory, and Science, Technology, and Society (STS) studies. Each of these helps us, albeit in different ways, to reflect on non-obvious dimensions and forces shaping technology and society. Critical engineering ethics asks us to reflect on our epistemological and ontological universalist assumptions and to question the contexts in which material artifacts and systems become hegemonic (Western) signifiers in technoscientific modernity. Postcolonial theory, including the ‘pluriverse’ and the ‘Buen Vivir’ movement, provide counter-hegemonic tools for questioning Western/non-Western power asymmetries, technological determinism, and technocratic solutionism. An ethical stance demands rethinking technological choices, giving priority to the vulnerable, the realization of human emancipation, the rights of nature, and the creation of alternative possible worlds. The chapter also discusses paths to integrate these critical approaches with engineering education practices based on insights from ‘engaged programs.
Monopsony: Wages, wage bargaining and job requirements
Get PDFUsing linked vacancy-employer-employee data from Austria, we investigate how monopsony power affects firms’ posting behavior and wage negotiations. Consistent with theoretical predictions, we find that firms with greater monopsony power post lower wages and offer fewer non-wage amenities, suggesting that wages and non-wage benefits are complementary. However, we find no evidence that monopsonistic firms demand higher levels of skill or education. Instead, our results indicate that they require more basic skills, particularly those related to routine tasks. On the workers’ side, we find that employees hired in monopsonistic labor markets face significantly lower wages, both initially and in the long run. These lower wages are driven by both lower posted wages and reduced bargaining power, as well as reduced opportunities to climb the wage ladder later
Maturierendenbefragung. Vernetzungskonferenz 2024 „Evidenzen zur sozialen Dimension in der Hochschulbildung
Get PDFOpen Science? Conceptualizing Openness as an Emerging Moral Economy of Science
Get PDFIn this paper we aim to address a few of the complexities that revolve around “openness” of science as an emerging moral economy of science. First, we briefly assess the current state of discussion when it comes to Open Science in the academic literature. We show that these discussions have begun a more analytical look at Open Science, yet the term remains tied to opinions and emotional response. Accordingly, we pose that a more distant perspective is needed. We establish that, since openness is the goal of Open Science, it provides a useful term for the coalescing of discussion. Indeed, this term can be used to identify an emerging moral economy within science. Then, we discuss why this is the case - the changing context, as well as the dynamics inherent in science as an enterprise. We finish this article with an initial discussion of how the use of this mode of thinking will impact science and the study of science. This positions us to consider the needs for the study of openness in science as a moral economy, the potential models which could be to assess different interpretations of openness, and finally the questions which this mode of thinking may help us ask
Radical reflexivity, experimental ontology and RRI
Get PDFRRI does not challenge what this paper calls ‘lyseology’: mobilizing science to convince policy makers and the public that the present possesses some form of lack that should be addressed with a new technology. For a sustained critique of technological fixes as solutions a more radical shift from the persistent old view of a static outside world is required. This entails a process-based understanding of reality and specific consequences thereof for practice. To do so the paper offers an analysis of in what manner current RRI discourse builds on old subject-object ontologies and relies on an outdated worldview. The paper suggests possible pathways of conceiving of research and innovation otherwise: RRI should reorient towards the ontology turn, learn from ethnomethodology and radical reflexivity, as well as from the politics of material participation. This paper proposes that research and innovation should engage with quantum theory inspired alternative worldviews
Integrated Modified OLS Estimation and Fixed-b Inference for Cointegrating Multivariate Polynomial Regressions
Get PDFThis paper shows that the integrated modified OLS (IM-OLS) estimator developed for cointegrating linear regressions in Vogelsang and Wagner (2014a) can be straightforwardly extended to cointegrating multivariate polynomial regressions. These are regression models that include as explanatory variables deterministic variables, integrated processes and products of (non-negative) integer powers of these variables as regressors. The stationary errors are allowed to be serially correlated and the regressors are allowed to be endogenous. The IM-OLS estimator is tuningparameter free and does not require the estimation of any long-run variances. A scalar long-run variance, however, has to be estimated and scaled out when using IM-OLS for inference. In this respect, we consider both standard asymptotic inference as well as fixed-b inference. Fixed-b inference requires that the regression model is of full design. The results may be particularly interesting for specification testing of cointegrating relationships, with RESET-type specification tests following immediately. The simulation section also zooms in on RESET specification testing and illustrates that the performance of IM-OLS is qualitatively comparable to its performance in cointegrating linear regressions