Institut für Höhere Studien - Institute for Advanced Studies
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From experimentation to structural change: fostering institutional entrepreneurship for public engagement in research and innovation
Get PDFMany researchers experiment with participatory settings to increase public engagement in research and innovation (R&I). Because of their temporary nature, it often remains unclear how such participatory experiments can contribute to structural change. This paper empirically explores options for bridging this gap. It analyzes how participants can be supported to act as institutional entrepreneurs to actively promote public engagement in R&I. To draw lessons, we analyze empirical material gathered on nineteen Social Labs which were set up to promote the uptake of Responsible Research and Innovation in a European R&I funding program (Horizon 2020). Involvement of motivated participants, insight in their institutional context, and specific methods and management choices that enhance a sense of agency are identified as essential for organizing change. These findings and the resulting framework of interventions may prove valuable for further (action) research into the institutionalization of public engagement in R&I
Risk Preferences in the Delegation Process
Get PDFPolitical decisions usually involve risks regarding potential outcomes. In an ideal representative system, voters should therefore evaluate politicians not only according to the policies they support, but also according to their inclination to take risks. In this study, we examine whether risk preferences affect voting decisions in an incentivized online experiment. Subjects assigned the role of politicians decide for the voters how much to invest in a risky policy, whereas subjects assigned the role of voters learn about the risk profiles of the politicians and decide whether to re-elect the incumbent or to elect the challenger. The treatments vary the risk and potential reward of the policy politicians can implement as well as the information voters receive about the consequences of a politician’s decision. We find that voters are significantly more likely to elect politicians who propose policies that are in line with the voters’ risk preferences and that politicians adapt to the assumed risk preferences of the voters. If a voter learns that the politician’s decision led to a negative outcome, despite a low probability of such an outcome, she is less likely to re-elect this politician. Furthermore, the results suggest an incumbency advantage independent of institutional advantages
Zukunft ohne Armut – ein gutes Leben für Alle?
No full textPräsentation des Sozialberichts des Soziaministeriums 202
Students with a delayed transition into Higher Education with a special focus on Austria, Lithuania, and Romania. A comparative study and exploration of Eurostudent VII data
Get PDFPhotovoltaik- und Windkraftausbau: Potenziale und Herausforderungen für den Arbeitsmarkt
Get PDFIn diesem Beitrag werden die Potenziale und Herausforderungen für den Arbeitsmarkt durch den Photovoltaik- und Windkraftausbau als Hebel zur Verwirklichung der Energiewende in Bezug auf relevante Berufsfelder und Ausbildungen, die aktuelle Arbeitskräftesituation und zukünftige Bedarfe sowie Beschäftigungseffekte nach Bildungsabschluss und Ausbildungsfeldern analysiert. Dabei wird ersichtlich, dass es großen Handlungsbedarf zur Deckung dieser Nachfrage gibt. Auf Basis der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden Handlungsempfehlungen für die
Bewältigung der skizzierten Herausforderungen formuliert, um eine zeitgerechte Umsetzung der Energiewende zu fördern. Die Empfehlungen adressieren die wesentlichsten Erkenntnisse:
• Bereits bei aktueller Auftragslage gibt es einen erheblichen Mangel an qualifiziertem Personal, den der geplante Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien verschärfen wird.
• Für die Planung, Errichtung und Installation kleinerer PV-Anlagen braucht es vor allem Absolvent:innen des Lehrberufs Elektrotechnik.
• Für die Planung von größeren PV- und Windkraftanlagen bedarf es vor allem Personen mit fundierter technischer Ausbildung auf HTL-, Bachelor- und Masterniveau.
This paper analyzes labor market potentials and challenges resulting from the expansion of photovoltaics and wind power as a lever for the realization of the energy transition. It focuses on
relevant occupational fields and education and training, the current labor force situation and future requirements as well as employment effects according to educational qualification and fields of training. It becomes apparent that there is a great need for action to meet the requirements. Based on the findings, recommendations for action are formulated to address the outlined challenges in order to promote the timely implementation of the energy transition. The recommendations address the most significant findings:
• There is already a significant shortage of qualified personnel at current order levels, which the planned expansion is bound to exacerbate further.
• For the planning, construction and installation of smaller PV systems, there is a need especially for graduates of electrical engineering vocational training.
• For the planning of larger PV and wind power plants, the requirement is mostly solid technical education at the HTL, bachelor and master levels
Regime‐dependent commodity price dynamics: A predictive analysis
Get PDFWe develop an econometric modelling framework to forecast commodity prices taking into account potentially different dynamics and linkages existing at different states of the world and using different performance measures to validate the predictions. We assess the extent to which the quality of the forecasts can be improved by entertaining different regime-dependent threshold models considering different threshold variables. We evaluate prediction quality using both loss minimization and profit maximization measures based on directional accuracy, directional value, the ability to predict turning points, and the returns implied by a simple trading strategy. Our analysis provides overwhelming evidence that allowing for regime-dependent dynamics leads to improvements in predictive ability for the Goldman Sachs Commodity Index, as well as for its five sub-indices (energy, industrial metals, precious metals, agriculture, and livestock). Our results suggest the existence of a trade-off between predictive ability based on loss and profit measures, which implies that the particular aim of the prediction exercise carried out plays a very important role in terms of defining which set of models is the best to use
Students’ employment and internships
Get PDFPaid jobs can help students to meet their expenses, to participate in activities with fellow students, to be accepted and to belong to higher status groups. However, in contrast to these positive aspects, working while studying can be detrimental to academic performance, lead to longer duration of study, and increase the risk of dropping out of higher education. This chapter therefore not only shows that most students have paid jobs, but also analyses the extent of students' work and the motivations behind it. It also shows how students' jobs are characterised, e.g. whether the work content is related to the study field, and which differences exist between groups of students. In light of the ongoing discussions at EU level on the financial remuneration of internships, the chapter also takes a closer look at the characteristics of students' internships
