Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
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Budaya merokok pada wanita di Suku Tengger
No full textSmoking behavior culture of Tenggerese women Purpose: Number of female smokers continues to increase. Most of Tenggerese women who lived in Lumajang district have smoking habit. This study aims to describe the cultural smoking behavior of Tenggerese women.Methods: This was a qualitative research with ethnography approach. The informant was obtained through snowball method based on information from local leader and health cadre, then the informant was chosen used purposive method based on predetermined inclusion criteria. The main informant was 9 Tenggerese women who smoke. Additional informants consist of 13 people consisting of 8 informant’s husband and 5 local leader, shaman, local public figure, midwife, and agricultural officer. Data collection was done by in-depth interview and observation.Results: Cigarettes become one of the material offerings Gedang Ayu or Pitrah. Argosari village is the village of Kalapatra which means having a difference in place, time, and habits have implications on the culture or habits of Tenggerese in terms of smoking so that smoking is a common thing in women and seems not found on other district. The gender perspective in meet with economic needs of the family is a factor supporting women to have smoking habits. The socio-cultural aspects prevailing in society encourage the Tenggerese women’s smoking behavior. Informants know the cigarette and its impact from health warning pictures on cigarette pack. Health promotion efforts in tobacco control are undertaken by health workers through the activities of the Birth Planning Program and prevention of complications (P4K) and school health (UKS).Conclusions: Cigarettes became part of the Tenggerese culture in Argosari Village. Behavior of smoking into Tengger women’s culture and smoking is common place because Argosari Village is Kalapatra Village. But nowadays, many teenage women do not smoke anymore include all pregnant women in young age. People who are respected in the community such as village leader, traditional healers , and community leaders also do not smoke. Perspectives of gender and socio-cultural aspects prevailing in Tengger society are contributing factors to the Tenggerese women’s smoking behavior
Peran pengambil keputusan dalam keterlambatan rujukan maternal
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi peran pengambil keputusan dalam keterlambatan rujukan maternal. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif, menggunakan rancangan fenomenologis. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 5 kasus maternal yang mengalami keterlambatan rujukan di Puskesmas Padediwatu. Metode pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam (in-depth interview). Pengambilan keputusan dalam merujuk didominasi oleh suami. Hambatan dalam proses rujukan yaitu tidak memiliki kendaraan, jarak yang jauh dan akses jalan yang sulit, status ekonomi rendah, dan tradisi masyarakat memiliki tingkat ketergantungan terhadap orang lain sehingga status kesehatan maternal yang mengalami komplikasi tidak menjadi hal yang prioritas bagi suami. Pekerjaan suami sebagai buruh tani dan pelaut yang membuat suami tidak berada di rumah/dekat dengan istri dalam jangka waktu yang cukup lama sehingga mempengaruhi proses pengambilan keputusan rujukan maternal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan pengambilan keputusan dalam rujukan maternal masih menekankan pada budaya patriaki sehingga suami memiliki peran yang sangat dominan dalam pengambilan keputusan rujukan maternal
Analisis pemberitaan media pers terhadap kasus bunuh diri
Get PDFBunuh diri saat ini menjadi permasalahan kesehatan mental yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian serius. Angka bunuh diri di Yogyakarta khususnya Kabupaten Gunung Kidul dari tahun 2001 hingga 2016 mencapai 458 kejadian. Depresi menjadi penyebab utama kejadian bunuh diri tetapi apabila ditelusuri lebih lanjut, media juga memiliki pengaruh terhadap peningkatan kasus bunuh diri melalui efek pemberitaan. Menganalisis isi pemberitaan media pers terhadap kasus bunuh diri dan dampaknya terhadap masyarakat khususnya di Yogyakarta. Studi literatur (literature review) pada 15 jurnal yang membahas tentang pemberitaan media massa terhadap kasus bunuh diri dengan menganalisis poin-poin penting yang terdapat dalam jurnal serta membandingkan dengan situasi dan kondisi yang ada saat ini. Poin yang dianalisis meliputi bahasa pemberitaan, fokus pemberitaan, serta dampak/ efek pemberitaan pada masyarakat. Kasus bunuh diri diliput sedemikian rupa dengan menampilkan detail-detail spesifik seperti kondisi pelaku bunuh diri dan bagaimana cara ia mengakhiri hidupnya. Hal ini dapat membentuk pola pikir seseorang untuk meniru apa yang mereka lihat jika berada dalam kondisi dan masalah yang serupa (efek copycat suicide). Kasus bunuh diri yang disiarkan live di sosial media memiliki dampak buruk bagi kesehatan mental masyarakat. Hal tersebut menyalahi Undang Undang No 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik karena tidak berkesesuaian dengan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan. Indonesia telah memiliki Undang-Undang No 40 tahun 1999 Bab VII Pasal 17 yang memuat bahwa media massa/ pers diawasi oleh elemen masyarakat, namun belum ada undang-undang yang mengatur tentang pedoman pemberitaan bunuh diri secara spesifik.Peliputan dan pemberitaan bunuh diri di Indonesia memberikan dampak negatif bagi kesehatan mental masyarakat karena menampilkan detail-detail spesifik dari kejadian bunuh diri dan belum memiliki pedoman pemberitaan bunuh diri
Peran teman sebaya terhadap perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja SMA di kota Tegal
Get PDFTujuan: Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan peran teman sebaya terhadap perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja SMA di Kota Tegal. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Kota Tegal dan lebih menekankan pada remaja yang sedang berada di kelas XI SMA atau berusia antara 15 sampai 19 tahun. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa dan siswi yang bersekolah di SMA X. Besar sampel dalam penelitian inisebanyak 254 responden. Pengumpulan data mengunakan kuesioner. Analisis bivariat menggunakan Chi square dan analisis multivariat dengan menggunakan regresi logistik dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan α <0,05. Hasil: Sebagian besar peran teman sebaya mendukung untuk melakukan seksual pranikah sebesar 62,60%. Perilaku seksual pranikah pada responden sebagian besar 62,60% beresiko. Peran teman sebaya memiliki hubungan yang signifikan (p<0,05) dengan perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja SMA. Remaja yang melakukan perilaku seksual pranikah beresiko dan didukung oleh teman sebaya lebih besar 1,75 kali dibandingkan dengan yang tidak mendukung. Akses dan Kontak media pornografi memiliki hubungan yang signifikan (p<0,05) dengan perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja SMA. Remaja yang melakukan perilaku seksual pranikah beresiko dengan akses dan kontak media pornografi lebih besar 1,92 kali dibanding dengan akses dan kontak media pornografi yang rendah. Simpulan: Peran teman sebaya berhubungan dengan perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja SMA di Kota Tegal
Contaceptive use spacing after childbirth with contraception failure: IDHS 2012 analysis
No full textContraceptive use after childbirth and contraception failure: an analysis of Indonesia Demographic Health Survey 2012PurposeThis research aimed to evaluate the use of contraception after childbirth with contraception failure. MethodsThis research was an observational study using IDHS 2012 with a retrospective cohort design. Married women who got pregnant while using contraceptives were the unit of analysis. Statistical analysis used survival analysis with stratified Cox Regression methods.ResultsAnalysis showed a higher failure rate in the traditional contraceptive methods such as coitus interruptus and periodic abstinence. The failure rate of the contraceptive method implant in Indonesia was higher by 10 times the global failure rate. Women who had used contraceptive for 33-48 weeks and >48 weeks after childbirth had higher risk of pregnancy with contraceptive failure (respectively HR=1.25; 95% CI: 0.63-2.47 and 1.91; 95% CI: 1-3.67), respectively. Other factors influencing the contraceptive failure were age and met or unmet needs.ConclusionContraceptive use after childbirth is associated with contraceptive failure among woman of childbearing age in Indonesia. Providers of contraceptive implants may introduce additional variations of implantable contraceptives in Indonesia and are supported by qualified health personnel.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of spacing use of contraception after childbirth with contraception failure. MethodAn observational study was conducted using IDHS 2012 with retrospective cohort design. Women of childbearing age who never married were currently using contraception as a unit analysis. The group the analyzed by a spacing use contraception after childbirth. ResultsThe study found higher failure in the traditional contraceptive methods such as coitus interruptus and periodic abstinence. The failure rate of the contraceptive method implant in Indonesia has higher than 10 times the global failure rate. Women has use contraceptive 33-48 weeks and >48 weeks after childbirth to higher risk of preganancy with contraceptive failure (respectively HR=1,25; 95%CI=0,63-2,47 dan 1,91; 95%CI=1-3,67). Another factor influencing the failure is aged and met ned or unmet need.ConclusionThis paper contributes to our understanding of the relationship of contraceptive use spacing after childbirth and contraceptive failure with woman of childbearing age in Indonesia. Appropriate education, counseling and appeals for appropriate use of contraceptives need to be improved to raise awareness and awareness of contraceptive use
Analisis Spasial Kejadian Malaria Dan Habitat Larva Nyamuk Anopheles spp di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Winong Kabupaten Purworejo
No full textEnvironmental and behavioral factors affecting malaria cases in high endemic area of Central Java: a geographic information system analysisPurposeThis research aimed to analyze risk factors involved in malaria cases, to map the spatial distribution of malaria cases related to breeding habit to location spacing and to know the habitat of Anopheles sp. mosquito larvae near the the public health center of Winong, district of Purworejo.MethodThis research was a case control study using data through the geographic information system.ResultsTemperature, humidity and rainfall variables had no correlation with malaria incidence. There were correlations between malaria incidence with the existence of breeding habitat, house wall condition and nighttime habit, whereas the presence of livestock, breeding site distance, the habit of wearing mosquito nets, the use of wire mesh, the use of mosquito repellent and the habit of visiting endemic areas had no correlation with malaria incidence. Night-outside habits were the highest risk factors associated with malaria incidence.ConclusionThere was no correlation between weather factors and malaria incidence. There was a correlation between the presence of larval breeding habitat, the condition of the wall of the house and the habit of going out at night with the incidence of malaria. There are 3 clusters in the work area of public health center in Winong and most cases are in the buffer zone area 1000 m distance.Latar Belakang : Malaria merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Plasmodium spp dan ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Anopheles spp betina. Di Purworejo malaria masih menjadi masalah penyakit menular yang utama, pada tahun 2013-2015 kasus malaria mengalami peningkatan dari 728 kasus (API 0,98‰) pada tahun 2013 menjadi 1.411 kasus (API 1,98‰) tahun 2015.Tahun 2016 jumlah kasus sebanyak 423 kasus.Tujuan : Menganalisis faktor-faktor risiko dengan kasus malaria, memetakan distribusi spasial kasus malaria kaitannya dengan jarak habitat perkembangbiakan terhadap kasus dan mengetahui habitat larva nyamuk Anopheles spp di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Winong Kabupaten Purworejo.Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasi analitik dengan rancangan penelitian case control atau retrospektive study.Variabel bebas adalah faktor cuaca, faktor lingkungan rumah dan faktor sosial budaya, sedangkan variabel terikat adalah kejadian (kasus) malaria. Distribusi kasus malaria disajikan dalam buffer zone dengan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Hubungan variabel bebas dan terikat dianalisis dengan pendekatan analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson dan Chi square, analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik dan analisis spasial.Hasil : Analisis bivariat dengan uji korelasi Pearson menunjukan variabel suhu, kelembaban dan curah hujan tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian malaria. Uji Chi square menunjukan ada hubungan kejadian malaria dengan keberadaan breeding site (p=0,02;OR 2,5 ), kondisi dinding rumah (p=0,004; OR 0,29) dan kebiasaan keluar malam hari (p=0,01;OR 3,6 ),sedangkan keberadaan hewan ternak, jarak breeding site, kebiasaan memakai kelambu, penggunaan kawat kasa, pemakaian anti nyamuk dan kebiasaan mengunjungi daerah endemis tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian malaria. Berdasarkan uji regresi logistik kebiasaan keluar malam hari merupakan faktor risiko yang paling tinggi berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria. Pada analisis spasial terbentuk 3 cluster kejadian malaria dan hasil buffering menunjukan bahwa kebanyakan kasus berada di dalam area buffer zone pada radius 1000 m dari habitat larva nyamuk Anopheles spp berupa kolam, selokan, genangan air, sawah dan sungai.Kesimpulan : Tidak ada hubungan faktor cuaca dengan kejadian malaria. Ada hubungan antara keberadaan habitat perkembangbiakan larva, kondisi dinding rumah dan kebiasaan keluar malam hari dengan kejadian malaria. Terdapat 3 cluster di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Winong dan kebanyakan kasus berada di area buffer zone pada radius 1000 meter
Experience and social support needs of becoming a mother in adolescence in Yogyakarta City
Get PDFPurposeThis study aimed to determine the experience and social support needs of becoming a mother in adolescence.MethodsThis study was a qualitative research with a descriptive phenomenology approach. Data collection was performed by in-depth interview method and using a semi-structured study guide. Research was conducted at health centers of Jetis, Gedong Tengen and Umbulharjo 1 in May - June 2017. The participants were 7 adolescent (18-19 years old) mothers who had a 2 weeks - 12 months baby. The sampling was conducted by purposive sampling and recorded by a tape recorder. Data analysis was done manually by using Colaizzi method.ResultsFive themes emerged from the results of data analysis: 1) variation of feelings experienced from pregnancy up to delivering the baby, 2) freedom from routine of baby care, 3) early experience of baby care, 4) social support from significant other and midwives, and 5) improved confidence in baby care.ConclusionThe variety of experiences by adolescent mothers is accompanied by social support providing increased confidence in caring for their baby
Penyuluhan Tentang Cara Pencegahan Penularan TB dan Pemakaian Masker Kepada Keluarga Penderita TB di Johar Baru, Jakarta Pusat
No full textHealth education on transmission prevention and use of masks in families with tuberculosis patient: the experience from Johar Baru, Central JakartaPurposeThe objective of the activity is to educate TB patients and families of TB patients about how to prevent TB transmission and the correct use of masks and the use of masks.MethodActivity targets were 35 people from 20 families of TB patients in Johar Baru area, Central Jakarta. Activities carried out were socialization, counseling about the use of masks, giving masks to respondents, and evaluation activities. The extension media used were posters on "5 Ways of TB Prevention" and posters about wearing the correct mask. The counseling was conducted in three visits, ie on February 9, February 10, and February 14, 2017. The counseling was conducted to all families of TB patients who were targeted for the activity.ResultsThe result of the activity shows the education can increase the knowledge of the respondents about the prevention of TB transmission by 85.7%. In addition, it can improve the respondents’ knowledge about how to use masks and practice of mask use by 100%.ConclusionContinuous activity needs to be carried out so that good knowledge can be maintained and is expected to form a positive attitude and later expected to form good hygiene personal behavior.Abstrak. Tujuan kegiatan adalah mengedukasi penderita TB dan keluarga penderita TB tentang cara pencegahan penularan TB dan pemakaian masker yang benar serta mempraktekan cara penggunaan masker. Sasaran kegiatan adalah penderita dan anggota keluarga penderita TB di daerah Johar Baru, Jakarta Pusat. Metode kegiatan adalah sosialisasi, penyuluhan dan pemberian masker, dan evaluasi kegiatan. Sasaran kegiatan adalah 20 keluarga pasien TB di Johar Baru. Media penyuluhan yang digunakan adalah poster tentang “5 Cara Pencegahan TB” dan poster tentang memakai masker yang benar. Penyuluhan dilaksanakan dalam 3 kali kunjungan yaitu tanggal 9 Februari, 10 Februari 2017 dan 14 Februari 2017. Penyuluhan dilaksanakan dari rumah ke rumah keluarga penderita TB. Total responden dari 20 keluarga penderita TB yang didatangi sebanyak 35 responden. Hasil kegiatan yaitu penyuluhan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan responden sebesar 85,7% tentang cara pencegahan penularan TB Selain itu, kegiatan pengmas juga dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan responden tentang pemakaian masker yang benar dan sekaligus mempraktekannya sebesar 100%. Perlu dilakukan kegiatan kontinyu agar pengetahuan yang sudah meningkat dapat dipertahankan dan diharapkan dapat membentuk sikap positif dan membentuk perilaku hygiene personal responden
Prospects and problems of implementation research on soil transmitted helminthes (STHs) infection in Bangladesh
No full textSoil-transmitted helminths are responsible for diseases that thrive where there is poverty and disadvantage. Although rarely fatal, it is recognized as a leading global cause of lifelong disability. To achieve the target set by World Health Assembly, efforts must be intensified to eliminate STH as a public-health problem. Accumulated scientific knowledge and the availability of safe anthelminthics such as mebendazole and albendazole laid the foundation for a global strategy to control STH. However, there are several foreseeable challenges and risks to the success of an MDA-based transmission interruption strategy for STH. Continued progress toward global STH elimination will require solutions to potential obstacles in the most challenging— that is, the poorest—endemic settings like Bangladesh
Efektivitas instalasi pengelolaan air limbah komunal program Usri 2014 di Kecamatan Depok Sleman
Get PDFPurpose: To find out the relationship of capacity design toward effectiveness of Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) Methods: This study was an observational study, using a cross-sectional design. Method of sampling of waster water is done by grab sampling method. The data analysis used a descriptive analysis. Results: The results showed that the highest level of effectivity of BOD and TSS are 91,09% and 97,50%. The level of MPN coliform and MPN E.coli are >1600x102 MPN/100ml, it means exceeded the quality standard of waste water. Suitability of capacity design with operational of WWTP including discharge, number of users, level of BOD and TSS, level of MPN Coliform and MPN E.coli are more appropriate, the effectiveness in processing both of BOD and TSS also increased. Conclusion: there is a trend between the design capacity of WWTP to the effetiveness of BOD and TSS levels. The more appropriate the design with operational, the higher the level effectiveness of BOD and TSS levels.The effectiveness of communal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of Usri program 2014 in Depok District, Sleman RegencyPurpose: To analyze the effectiveness of the Communal Waste Water Treatment Plant (CWWTP) of the Urban Sanitation and Rural Infrastructure (USRI) Depok District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta.Method: This study was observational, using a cross-sectional design. Five CWWTPs which have the same design capacity were studied. A sampling of wastewater was done by grab sampling method. The quality of wastewater samples, both influent and effluent, were analyzed to get biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), most probable number (MPN) coliform, and MPN E-coli.Results: The results showed that all BOD and TSS of WWTPs effluent complied with the WWTP design. Based on the Ministry of Environmental and Forestry Regulation no 68 the year of 2016, the conformity of BOD, TSS, MPN coliform, and MPN E-coli of the WWTPs effluent with the new standard were 80%, 100%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. The effectiveness of WWTP to decrease BOD was between 24.39 and 91.09 %, while that to decrease TSS was between 64.00 and 97.50 %. The effectiveness of WWTP was quite high when WWTP was operated near the design specification.Conclusion: The effectiveness of WWTP to treat BOD and TSS were good enough which depended on the operational condition, mainly on the operational capacity. All WWTPs still need to be improved the ability to treat microorganisms