Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
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Covid-19 risk factors and health protocol compliance among mall employees and officers in Yogyakarta
Full text linkPurpose: This study aimed to analyze risk factors, compliance with health protocols, and the COVID-19 screening test among mall employees at Yogyakarta city, Indonesia.Methods: We analyzed secondary data from a cross-sectional study in Yogyakarta City from May-August 2020. The population was all employees at all malls in Yogyakarta City who participated in the screening rapid test zero survey conducted by the Yogyakarta City Government. Results: Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between ensuring proper mask install (OR = 6.33, p = 0.023, 95% CI = 1.03-38.81), applying a minimum distance of > 1 meter when outside home (OR = 27.34, p = 0.001, 95% CI = 3.01-248.32) and applying a minimum distance of > 1 meter when at work (OR = 22.25, p = 0.003, 95% CI = 2,45-201.65) with the reactive COVID-19 results. Multivariate analysis showed the most dominant variable associated with the reactive rapid test results is not keeping a minimum distance of > 1 meter when outside the house with a value of (OR=11.91, p=0.047, 95% CI = 1.03-137.37). Conclusion: The risk factor for Covid-19 for employees and mall staff is physical distancing > 1 meter when outside the house. The city administration should keep working with mall managers to tighten health protocols in malls and other public areas to prevent Covid-19 transmission
Physical environments of water containers and Aedes sp larvae in dengue endemic areas of Tanjungpinang Timur District
Full text linkPurpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship of the container environment's type and condition to the existence of Aedes sp larvae in Tanjungpinang Timur District. Methods: An observational study with a cross-sectional approach involved 401 houses with containers in Tanjungpinang Timur District, Tanjungpinang City. Data on the existence of larvae was performed using the single larvae method. Data on container type and container environmental conditions (water pH, water temperature, air temperature, air humidity) and larvae's presence were collected by observing and measuring. Results: 863 containers were observed, 138 of them (15.99%) were found larvae of Aedes sp, containers inside the house (65.57%), and not closed (88.53%). The types of containers were controllable sites (95.13%), disposable sites (3.36%), and under controllable sites (1.51%). The measurement of water pH (76.13%) and water temperature (82.73%) of the containers were categorized as good. Container temperature 98.38% showed results with a range of unfavorable conditions ( 300C) and air humidity of 99.07% with a range ( 89.5%). Type, location, condition of container closure, water pH, water temperature, and air temperature of containers were related to larvae in Tanjungpinang Timur District (p-value 300C) and air humidity of 99.07% with a range ( 89.5%). Type, location, condition of container closure, water pH, water temperature, and air temperature of containers were related to the presence of larvae in Tanjungpinang Timur District (p value <0.05), while the variable humidity was not related to the existence of larvae. Conclusion: Physical environmental factors strongly support the reproduction of DHF vectors in the East Tanjungpinang District. It is necessary to increase public knowledge and routine home eradication of mosquito nests (PSN), especially controllable site containers widely used as water reservoirs
Mudik during the Covid-19 pandemic, anxiety, and depression among students in Indonesia
Full text linkPurpose: This study explores the occurrence and different levels of anxiety and depression among male and female students who perform or do not perform mudik (homecoming). Investigate the primary source of COVID-19 related information among students. Methods: Online questionnaires consisting of the self-report level of anxiety and depression were delivered to study participants after completing the online informed consent. Quantitative analysis was conducted using the IBM SPSS version 20.0.Results: From a total of 2018 study participants, n=936 were students. Depression (M=8.68; SD= 5.45) was higher among students who did not perform mudik. Meanwhile, the prevalence rate of depression (M=7.18; SD=4.99) was also higher among students who performed mudik. A significant difference [sig (2-tailed) = 0.017; p 0.05] was reported for the level of depression between male and female students. Instagram was reported as the primary source of COVID-19 related information. Conclusion: This current study supports the notion regarding the occurrence of common mental disorders among students as an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, regardless of whether homecoming was performed or not. Different levels of anxiety and depression were reported between the male and female student population
Global trade and health: an Indonesian perspective on the asean medical device directive policy
Full text linkPurpose: Health care equipment international trade could serve a new strategic revenue for Indonesia. Since its implementation in 2015, AFTA has been a very strategic issue in creating export opportunities for its member countries. One of the sectors that becomes a priority for ASEAN integration is in the field of medical devices which is regulated in the ASEAN Medical Device Directive (AMDD) policy. Indonesia itself has officially ratified AMDD policy since 2018, but Indonesia will have been facing the problem of quality, innovation and diversification of medical devices. This study examines the competitiveness opportunities for domestic medical devices in ASEAN Free Trade Area. Method: This study used a qualitative method where information was obtained from in-depth interviews and document review. The informants came from policy makers, implementing officers, and stakeholders. Results: Indonesia has harmonized 26 out of 31 standards mandated by AMDD. Conformity assessment bodies in Indonesia that have been certified by the National Accreditation Committee have received international recognition. Indonesia has many potential exporting innovative medical devices to ASEAN countries. Fulfillment of medical devices is carried out through compulsory licensing and parallel import mechanism
Determinan Perilaku Merokok Keluarga Penerima Manfaat PKH di Kecamatan Kembangan Jakarta Barat Tahun 2019
No full textPurpose: Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) is a strategic government program that wants to help the poor meet their health needs. However, there are still PKH beneficiaries who do not understand the health mission of this program. This study intends to explore smoking behavior among PKH families beneficiaries and whether program providers pay attention to promoting healthy living for their beneficiaries. Method: This study uses primary data with cross-sectional design and multiple logistic regression. The number of samples analyzed was 379 households in the Kembangan Region of West Jakarta. Results: Eighty-two percent of PKH recipients were smokers. The four variables related to smoking are low education, low income, smoking psychological dependence, and socially motivated smoking. The psychological and social factors of smoking were among strong predictors and deserve attention in the PKH program. Conclusion: The long-term goal of PKH is to improve the health quality. Smoking reduces the health quality of PKH beneficiaries. The Ministry of Social Affairs needs to coordinate with the Ministry of Health to make this program an entry point for the movement of healthy living in PKH recipient families.Tujuan: Mengetahui determinan perilaku merokok pada kepala keluarga penerima manfaat Prograam Keluarga Harapan (PKH) di Kecamatan Kembangan Jakarta Barat Tahun 2019. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan data primer dengan desain cross sectional dan regresi logistic ganda . Jumlah sampel yang dianalisa dalam penelitian ini sebesar 379 kepala keluarga. Hasil: Perlaku merokok memilki hubungan yang signifikan dengan Pendidikan, psikologis, pendapatan dan personal references (p value < 0,05) dan psikologi adalah variabel dominan yang menentukan perilaku merokok. Kesimpulan. Tujuan PKH untuk meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan penerima PKH tidak sejalan dengan perilaku merokok yang dapat menyebabkan menurunnya kualitas kesehatan bagi penerima manfaat. Intervensi pemerintah melalui Dinas Sosial diperlukan berupa koordinasi dengan Dinas kesehatan dalam upaya melakukan perubahan perilaku keluarga penerima manfaat PKH. Kata kunci : determinan perilaku , merokok , Program Keluarga Harapan
Preparing new normal: the health literacy assessment on the Covid-19
Full text linkPurpose: This study was aimed to assess the health literacy of the COVID-19 for both of the knowledge level on the Covid-19 and the health protocol compliance by the medical and the non-medical student. Method: This rapid action research was conducted from July-August 2020. Respondents were Indonesian students who voluntarily fulfilled the online questionnaire. A total 208 respondents participated in this study (104 students for each group). Data analysis was performed by using chi square. Furthermore, an animation video was developed and published through Instagram TV as the follow up assessment. Results: The result showed that the medical students had better knowledge (41.8% vs 33.2%, p-value=0.000) and health protocol compliance (6.3% vs 2.4%, p-value=0.049) than the non-medical students. The lowest compliance towards health protocol of the both groups was the physical distancing. Moreover, the health education regarding physical distancing by using animation video had reached audiences. According to the audiences’ comments, the video made them aware of the importance of physical distancing. Conclusion: It was important to improve health literacy for preparing new normal, and it should be developed based on the need assessment
Need for stricter control of waste disposal in small scale industry: a case from community based batik production in Indonesia
No full textPurpose: This study used batik production to explore the reasons underlying the government’s “slow to non-existent action” on informal industry waste management. Method: We used case study and interviewed fifteen informants representing the business owners, workers, craftsmen groups, and local government institutions. Results: Chemical waste from the batikmaking process was disposed of around residential areas. The workers had no attention as to whether the chemical wastes in their environment harm their environment and health in the future. Overseeing unit, used to be at the district level, was delegated to the one at the sub-district level, which made local officer less independent when dealing with income interests of their people and weakened public health protection to the people. Conclusion: Study was consistent with “no action” argument that is in favor of income opportunity and put health concern as low priority. Public health officials should find ways to advocate stronger waste disposal regulation in small scale industries should be in place, in particular, when people living around the small scale industry watch the damages to their surrounding environment. Introduction. Monitoring of chemical wastes from informal sector is often weak due to government policy to create jobs to unemployed people. With the increasing growth of informal sector, activists have concerned about the future negative impact of current unmanaged waste disposal coming from community based home industry. Purpose. This study used home-based batik production to explore the reasons underlying government “no actions” on informal industry waste management. Method: Informants came from 15 respondents representing the business owners, workers, craftsmen groups and local government institutions. Result: This case study showed that chemical waste from batik making process was disposed around residential areas. The workers had no attention as to whether the chemicals they dispose will have adverse effect to their environment and health in the future. This case was contrary to our expectation in having stronger environmental monitoring. Overseeing unit, used to be at the district level, was delegated to the one at sub-district level, which made local officer less independent when dealing with income interests of their own people and weakened public health protection to the people. Conclusion: This case study was consistent with “no action” argument that favor income opportunity and put health concern as low priority. This condition bring up urgent discussion as to whether waste disposal regulation from small scale industries should be in place, in particular when people living around the small scale industry watch daily damages to their surrounding environment.Keywords: safety practice; environmental literacy; batis waste disposal; smalKebutuhan pengawasan yang lebih kuat dalam pembuangan limbah di industri skala kecil berbasis masyarakat: studi kasus dari produksi batik berbasis komunitas di IndonesiaTujuan: Pengawasan lingkungan di sektor industri informal sering lemah karena pemerintah menganggap penduduk memerlukan industri untuk memperoleh pendapatan dan karena itu memaklumi dampak buruk dari pengelolaan limbah industri rumah tangga. Dengan perkembangan industri yang makin pesat, jika pengawasan lingkungan tidak dilakukan sekarang, maka limbah akan berdampak serius pada penduduk di lingkungan sekitar industri rumah tangga. Hasil Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi alasan-alasan praktik pembuangan limbah industri informal masih belum mendapat perhatian di kalangan otoritas public health, yang seharusnya bertanggung jawab untuk melindungi penduduk dari berbagai potensi bahaya kimia dalam lingkungan pemukiman akibat industri informal. Metode: Informan berasal dari 15 orang yang merepresentasi pengusaha batik, pekerja batik, kelompok pengrajin batik dan pemerintah daerah. Penelitian ini disetujui komisi etik Fakultas Kedokteran UGM. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan limbah dari proses pembatikan dibuang begitu bebas di sekitar pemukiman penduduk. Pekerja industri tidak memperhatikan apakah bahan kimia yang mereka buang akan berdampak buruk bagi lingkungan dan kesehatan mereka di kemudian hari. Berbeda dari dorongan penguatan dalam pengawasan dampak lingkungan yang diakibatkan oleh industri kecil, otoritas pengawasan yang dulu berada di tingkat kabupaten justru diberikan pada tingkat kecamatan, yang membuat makin tidak independen ketika berurusan dengan kepentingan ekonomi, yang memperburuk perlindungan public health untuk penduduk sekitar. Situasi itu makin memaklumi jika industri kecil perlu memiliki standar dalam pembuangan limbah di lingkungan penduduk sekitar. Simpulan: Penelitian ini konsisten dengan argumen permissiveness dari kepentingan ekonomi versus kesehatan. Kondisi ini harus menjadi pertimbangan utama untuk memperkuat sistem regulasi industri informal ketika lingkungan di wilayah pemukiman penduduk menjadi tercemar dan tidak terkendali.
Walking aids and fear of falling in older adults: the case from the Surabaya Wredha Nursing Home
Full text linkFear of falling will result in reduced balance control and a reduction in self-confidence to prevent falls, which will further increase the incidence of falls in the elderly. One of the efforts that can be done to reduce the fear of falling which is a trigger for falling events is to take preventive measures to analyze these risk factors, but currently the risk factors associated with fear of falling in the elderly in Indonesia have not been analyzed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the use of walking aids and the fear of falling on the elderly. The research design was observational analytic with cross sectional approach involving 155 elderly living in Surabaya Werdha Nursing Home. The sampling technique uses proportional random sampling method. Existing data were analyzed using Contingency Coefficient Test with a significance level of 0.05. The results of statistical tests showed that there was a relationship between the risk of falling and fear of falling with a correlation value of 0.367 with a significant level of 0.000 (p <0.05), a positive direction indicated by the value of B = 1.365. The use of walking aids has a very meaningful relationship with the fear of falling in the elderly.Purpose: This study analyzes the relationship between walking aids and the fear of falling on the elderly. Method: The research design was observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach involving 155 elderly living in Surabaya Wredha Nursing Home. The sampling technique uses a proportional random sampling method. We analyzed existing data using the contingency coefficient test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results of statistical tests showed a relationship between the risk of falling and fear of falling with a correlation value of 0.367 with a significant level of 0.000 (p <0.05), a positive direction showed by the value of B = 1.365. Conclusion: The use of walking aids has a meaningful relationship with the fear of falling in the elderly. Based on these findings, the orphanage manager must provide walking aids and train them for their use. The elderly already using walking aids need the training to strengthen the arm and leg muscles to be more stable in using walking aids
BARRIERS OF COMMUNITY-BASED TUBERCULOSIS ACTIVE CASE FINDING ACTIVITIES AT HEALTH VOLUNTEER LEVEL IN BANTUL DISTRICT, INDONESIA; AN IMPLEMENTATION RESEARCH
No full textTuberculosis (TB) incidence still quite high over the world and Indonesia ranks third highest in the world. Bantul district the TB case finding in 2017 was 39.64%, under the national target in 70% rate. Along with the WHO End TB goal by 2035 encouraging more massive findings of TB cases, Active Case Finding (ACF) is increasingly recognized as a complement to Passive Case Finding (PCF). Involvement of Community Health Volunteers (CHVs) in the TB case finding has proven as one of an effective strategy to capture the presumptive TB cases. Meanwhile, CHVs performance has not been optimal, reflected from the low TB detection rate. Little is known about contextual factors that influence their implementation and perceptions regarding the involvement of CHVs in TB ACF. This study aims to explore the barriers of community-based TB ACF at health volunteer level. The study design was qualitative study. The research sample was taken by purposive sampling. Data collected by conduct IDI for health provider and FGD for CHVs. The results show there are several factors that influence implementation outcomes formulated in multilevel framework. The barriers in structural factors including lack of stake holder commitment following with lack of funding. From PHC factors the barriers are unclear organization of TB team, lack of communication with CHVs, over workload in PHC staff, and not every PHC have monitoring and evaluation for CHVs. While from CHV factors the barrier comes from different knowledge level and lack of confidence due to the gap of CHV training in every PHC, also they still facing stigma in community and lack of coordination with health provider. Then from the program factors there is different guidelines for community-based TB ACF that affected to unequally program delivery, this result in not optimal in conducted the TB ACF. Strong collaboration between CHVs and PHC is needed in the handling of TB cases but it still needs to pay attention to the local context and the resources. Although it is recognized the importance of CHV in TB case finding, barriers are still found in every factors and need appropriate intervention to enhance CHV performance in supporting community-based TB ACF
FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN DIABETES MELLITUS DI PUSKESMAS DASAN TAPEN KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT
No full textLatar Belakang: Para ahli kesehatan juga menyebutkan diabetes mellitus merupakan penyakit yang terpaut kromosom sex atau kelamin. Biasanya kaum laki-laki menjadi penderita sesungguhnya sedangkan kaum perempuan sebagai pihak yang membawa gen untuk diwariskan kepada anak-anaknya. Banyaknya penderita diabetes mellitus dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya adalah faktor usia, keturunan (genetika), obesitas dan kebiasaan merokok. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor risiko (usia, keturunan, obesitas, kebiasaan merokok) dengan kejadian diabetes mellitus di Puskesmas Dasan Tapen Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Metode: desain penelitian adalah penelelitian survey dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner. Tekhnik pengambilan sample yang digunakan yakni accidental sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 52 orang. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah univariat dalam bentuk narasi, tabel distribusi frekuensi dan persentase, serta bivariat menggunakan tabulasi silang dan Uji Cochran's the Mantel-Haenszel statistic. Hasil: penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 52 responden pada faktor risiko umur diperoleh nilai p = 0,047 < α 0,05 sedangkan pada faktor risiko yang lain diperoleh nilai p= 0,000 < α 0,05, umur memiliki nilai odd ratio = 8.889 yang artinya seseorang yang berumur lebih dari 40 tahun memiliki risiko 8 kali, genetika memiliki nilai odd ratio = 21.538 yang artinya seseorang yang memiliki riwayat keturunan memiliki risiko 21 kali, obesitas memiliki nilai odd ratio = 92.500 yang artinya seseorang yang mengalami obesitas memiliki risiko 92 kali, dan merokok memiliki nilai odd ratio = 23.400 yang artinya perokok memiliki risiko 23 kali. Kesimpulan: faktor usia, keturunan, obesitas, kebiasaan merokok memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian diabetes mellitus.