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Counseling effect on anxiety level among high risk of HIV and AIDS clients in Senggigi tourist area
No full textLatar Belakang: Individu dengan risiko tinggi HIV dan AIDS yang datang ke pusat pelayanan VCT (Voluntary Counseling and Testing) merasa khawatir atau cemas dirinya tertular HIV sehingga ingin tahu tentang keadaan dirinya. Mereka biasanya khawatir atau cemas terhadap implikasi AIDS itu sendiri baik secara fisik, psikologi, spiritual maupun sosial yaitu stigma dan diskriminasi masyarakat. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian konseling terhadap perubahan tingkat kecemasan klien risiko tinggi HIV dan AIDS. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah pra eksperiment dengan pendekatan one group pre post-test designe karena sebelum diberikan perlakuan, klien dikaji terlebih dahulu tingkat kecemasannya, kemudian setelah diberi perlakuan dikaji kembali tingkat kecemasannya, apakah mengalami penurunan tingkat kecemasan atau tidak. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner HARS. Tekhnik pengambilan sample yang digunakan yakni purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 21 orang. Analisa data univariat yang digunakan adalah dalam bentuk narasi, tabel distribusi frekuensi dan persentase, serta analisa bivariat menggunakan teknik analisa data parametrik yaitu t-test dependent. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 21 responden sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan konseling, mempunyai perbedaan nilai sebesar 6,19 dengan standar deviasi 4,98. Nilai p value 0,000 menunjukkan bahwa nilai tersebut lebih kecil bila bandingkan nilai alpha 5% (0,05), artinya terdapat perbedaan kecemasan sebelum dan sesudah konseling, sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh konseling spiritual terhadap tingkat kecemasan pada klien risiko tinggi hiv dan aids di daerah pariwisata medical center Senggigi. Kesimpulan: pemberian konseling yang sudah berjalan dengan baik agar tetap dipertahankan dan ditingkatkan dengan mengadakan pelatihan konselor professional secara rutin dan berkesinambungan. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of counseling on changing clients' anxiety levels at high risk of HIV and AIDS. Methods: A quasi experimental pretest-posttest design was used. Participants' anxiety levels were assessed and re-examined after receiving treatment. Data collected by HARS questionnaire with purposive sampling. Results: There was a difference of anxiety level before and after receiving treatment (p-value= 0.000), meaning that spiritual counseling affected the level of anxiety. Conclusion: Counseling is necessary to be maintained and enhanced by regularly and continuously holding professional counselors' training
Direct and indirect costs of patients from Medan who seek health care in Penang Malaysia
No full textBackground. Medan City was one of the areas close to Malaysia. This closeness makes people visit Penang Island for many reason such as medician, or medical tourism, with an increase 15-18% every year. This medical tourism causes people to spend more cost, both direct and indirect cost, direct costs were related to medician cost, (doctor's fees, medicines, laboratories, administration, and medical support), while indirect costs were unrelated with medician cost, (transportation, residence, supplementary food, patient companion, and lost costs). Purpose. The purpose of study was to analyze the comparison of direct and indirect costs of medical tourism patients to Penang Island, Malaysia. Method. This research was a comparative analytic with cross-sectional design using a questionnaire, conducted with t test for comparison of direct and indirect costs for 96 respondents. Result. The results showed that the expenditure average of medical tourism patient was IDR 10,079,250, with comparison of direct and indirect costs was 55.8%: 44.2% or IDR 5,625,305: IDR 4,453,945. Conclusion. Government makes regulations related to seeking medician abroad, and improve the quality of domestic health services so expenditure for medical treatment abroad can saved
Factors that Influence the Implementation of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan
No full textEarly Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIB) is placing the baby in the mother's stomach immediately after birth in a position of skin contact with the mother in an hour after birth, if there is no medical indication. RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan was one of the government hospitals, education, national referrals, and plenary status had implementing EIB. Achievement of EIB in this hospital decreased from (27.71%) in 2016 to (23.08%) in 2017. The purpose of this study was to explore the implementation of EIB in RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan. This was a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach through in-depth interviews. The informants were 6 people, consisting of 2 midwives and 1 structural official in medical services, 2 patients and 1 gynecologist. Implementation of EIB in the hospital wasn’t going well, the factors that influence EIB were communication, disposition and management’s function. The successful implementation of EIB can reduce maternal and infant mortality rates, suggested to RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan forms a special team to monitoring and evaluates the implementation of EIB, set and carry out sanctions for implementation of EIB, and increases the competence and motivation of health workers
Differences between Demographic Proportions, Socio-economic, and Health Status of the Elderly in West Java and Indonesia
No full textPurpose: This study aims to analyze differences between demographic proportion, socio-economic, and health status of the elderly in West Java and IndonesiaMethod: This study used a comparative analytic method with a retrospective approach. Furthermore, in this study, there was a unit of analysis, which was secondary data on demography, socio-economic, and health status of the elderly in 2014-2018 in West Java and Indonesia which was taken from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia).Result: The results of the study show that there is no difference in the demographic proportion in West Java and Indonesia in the age group, the status of living with the elderly, the marital status- married and divorced not remarried, and household membership status- head of household and other household membership status; However, there are differences in proportions the marital status-never married, widowed not remarried, the household membership status- wife/ husband and parents-in-law. Meanwhile, there is no difference in the socio-economic proportion in West Java and Indonesia in the status of residence ownership, residence eligibility, and household economic status. Furthermore, there is no difference in the health status proportion in West Java and Indonesia in the morbidity rate, duration of illness, outpatient care and inpatient care.Conclusion: there is no difference in the socio-economic proportion and health status of the elderly in West Java and in Indonesia. Meanwhile, there are differences in proportions demographics in West Java and Indonesia
Peran Stakeholder terhadap Program Kesehatan Jiwa dalam Penanggulangan Pasung pada Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa (ODGJ) di Kecamatan Moyudan Kabupaten Sleman
No full textPurpose: Physical restraint of mental illness (pasung) has been widely documented in Indonesia. However, there is still a lack of studies exploring the role of puskesmas in eliminating pasung. This study aims to document the head of the puskesmas in advocating for and working with local administrators to build a positive climate of involving people with mental illness in productive activities so that they have no reason to be confined at home.Methods: This case study was based on in-depth interviews of 19 community health center workers and community personnel, field observations, and document review.Results: Periodic, regular communication organized in simple meetings and field visits with local stakeholders can open up stakeholders and have the same vision in public health. With hospitable visits of respected local officials and health workers, families and communities, who at first were ashamed and isolated their mentally ill family members, are now becoming open-minded and participating in programs for persons with mental illness.Conclusion: Communication and public health leadership skills from the head of puskesmas are essential skills in inviting local administrators to work together for public health.Latar Belakang : Masalah kesehatan jiwa atau gangguan mental erat kaitannya dengan kejadian pemasungan. Pemasungan pada penderita gangguan jiwa atau mental dikarenakan informasi yang kurang terkait kesehatan jiwa, kondisi ekonomi yang rendah sehingga mengakibatkan keluarga tidak mampu mengakses pelayanan kesehatan jiwa, akses dan pelayanan kesehatan jiwa yang belum memadai terutama di daerah pedesaan dan untuk menghindari dan menahan tindakan agresif sari pasien agar tidak membahayakan anggota keluarga maupun masyarakat. Partisipasi atau peran stakeholder terhadap program kesehatan jiwa merupakan salah satu faktor penentu berjalan atau berhasilnya upaya penanggulangan pasung pada orang dengan gangguan jiwa (ODGJ). Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengeksplorasi peran stakeholder terhadap program kesehatan jiwa dalam penanggulangan pemasungan pada orang dengan gangguan jiwa (ODGJ) di Kecamatan Moyudan Kabupaten Sleman.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan metode kualitatif. Adapun rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengeksplorasi peran dari masing – masing stakeholder dalam penanggulangan pemasungan pada ODGJ di Kecamatan Moyudan Kabupaten Sleman. Penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling dengan subjek penelitian berjumlah 19 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan menggunakan analisis data kualitatif.Hasil : Seluruh stakeholder telah berperan dalam program kesehatan jiwa dalam upaya penanggulangan pasung pada orang dengan gangguan jiwa (ODGJ). Salah satu peran yang dilakukan oleh stakeholder adalah advokasi. Advokasi yang dilakukan stakeholder kunci yaitu puskesmas berupa komitmen poiltik dari pemerintah daerah, dukungan kebijakan dari Dinas Kesehatan, Dinas Sosial, Rumah Sakit Jiwa Grahasia, Kecamatan Moyudan dan Pemerintah Desa. Namun pada perjalananya pelaksanaan proses advokasi tidak selalu berhasil, stakeholder utama dalam hal ini keluarga menolak advokasi yang dilakukan puskesmas. Stigma negatif tentang kesehatan jiwa menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang masih susah ditangani di masyarakat sehingga hal ini menghambat peran stakeholder dalam proses advokasi.Kesimpulan : Stakeholder telah berperan sesuai dengan fungsi, tugas dan wewenang masing – masing terhadap pelaksanaan program kesehatan jiwa dalam upaya penanggulangan pasung pada orang dengan gangguan jiwa (ODGJ). Peran puskesmas dalam proses advokasi menghasilkan komitmen politik dan dukungan kebijakan dari setiap stakeholder
NILAI DIAGNOSTIK RASIO LINGKAR PINGGANG / TINGGI TUBUH TERHADAP RISIKO PENYAKIT KARDIOVASKULER PADA ORANG DEWASA
No full textPurpose: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic strength, optimal cutoff point, and diagnostic value of waist circumference/body height ratio in detecting cardiovascular disease risk in adults with Framingham Risk Score (FRS).Method: This study used a cross-sectional research design using secondary data from the Fourth Wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey 4 (IFLS 4). Subject selection uses the total sampling method so that the entire study population that matches the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be the subject of this study. The number of research subjects that fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria was 9,103 people. This research uses ROC analysis, with the gold standard is the risk of cardiovascular disease based on FRS, and the independent variable is WtHR.Results: Based on sex, the risk of cardiovascular disease in the moderate category was higher in men (80.54%) compared to women (30.23%). AUC WtHR value in male subjects was 0.5817 (95% CI 0.5610-0.624), while the AUC value in female subjects was 0.5904 (CI 0.5727-0.6084). The optimal cutoff point in male subjects is 0.5249 (sens = 0.3549; spe = 0.7626), while the cut point in female subjects is 0.5796 (sens = 0.4382; spe = 0.7024).Conclusion: The WtHR cutoff value based on this study is 0.5249 and 0.5796, so the health message that can be given to the public to prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease is to keep the waistline less than half the height.Purpose : This study aimed to determine the diagnostic strength, optimal cut off point and diagnostic value of waist circumference / body height ratio in detecting the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults with Frammingham Risk Score (FRS). Method: This study is a cross sectional research design using secondary data from the Fourth Wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey 4 (IFLS 4). Subject selection uses the total sampling method, so that the entire study population that matches the inculution and exclusion criteria will be the subject of this study. The number of research subjects that fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria are 9,103 people. This research uses ROC analysis, with the gold standard is the risk of cardiovascular disease based on FRS and the independent variable is RLPTTB. Results: Based on sex, the risk of cardiovascular disease in the moderate category was higher in men (80.54%) compared to women (30.23%). AUC RLPTTB value in male subjects was 0.5817 (95% CI 0.5610-0.624), while the AUC value in female subjects was 0.5904 (CI 0.5727-0.6084). The optimal cut off point in male subjects is 0.5249 (sens = 0.3549; spe = 0.7626), while the cut point in female subjects is 0.5796 (sens = 0.4382; spe = 0.7024). Conclusion: The RLPTTB cut-off value based on this study is 0.5249 and 0.5796, so the health message that can be given to the public to prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease is keep your waistline less than half your heigh
Pengaruh edukasi menggunakan video blog (vlog) terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku remaja putri tentang pencegahan dan penanggulangan anemia gizi besi (ppagb) di kota bandung
No full textPurpose: Iron deficiency is a significant nutrient problem, a major nutritional problem, especially iron-deficiency anemia. The video blog (vlog) is one of the educational tools in the form of audiovisual. The purpose of this research was to analyze the influence of education using video blogs (vlogs) on increasing the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of young women on the prevention and countermeasures of iron-nutrient anemia. Methods: The study used the quasi-experimental design in 2 groups consisting of 36 respondents per group. The subjects were young women who meet the criteria and have smartphones. We used a simple random sampling technique. The group first received a video blog (vlog) and the second group received a media booklet. The questionnaires were first tested for validity and reliability. Media Video Blog validated by three audiovisual experts and three nutritionists. Test the influence and test the difference is done using SPSS version 20. Result: Quantitative analysis results showed that the pretest-posttest score showed an increase in knowledge (p < 0.001), attitudes (p < 0.001), and behaviors (p < 0.001) about the prevention and countermeasures of iron-nutritional anemia After the video blog intervention (vlog) and media booklet. Conclusion: Education using video blogs (vlogs) can improve knowledge and attitudes, except improved behavior using higher media booklets. Keywords: Iron nutrient deficiency anemia; vlog-based educational material, female adolescents, social media<w:LsdException Locked
Mothers’ knowledge remains a primary risk factor of malnutrition in children aged 6-59 months in the coastal areas of Kendari
No full textObjective: To determine the effect of mother’s knowledge on the incidence of malnutrition in children aged 6-59 months in the coastal areas of Kendari.Method: This was a case control study conducted in the coastal area of Kendari in November to December 2018. Cases were children aged 6-59 months with malnutrition, while controls were children with good nutrition. The data was obtained from the medical records of Abeli, Mata and Benu-Benua Health Center from January to October 2018. Malnutrition was determined by Z-score (body weight/age). A total of 16 cases were taken with total sampling and 48 controls were taken with purposive sampling with non-matching method according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mother's knowledge was determined using the modification questionnaire. Data analysis with statistical tests assessing Odd Ratio (OR), with a 2x2 contingency table and a 95% confidence level with a significance level of α = 0.05. This study was approved by the Medical and Health Research Ethics Commission of Halu Oleo University.Results: Most cases of malnutrition were aged 25-48 months. The majority of respondents aged 20-35 years old, consisting of cases (50,0%) and controls (64,6%). The majority of maternal education levels were primary education in the case group (75,0%) and secondary education in the control group (47.9%). The majority of the case groups had less knowledge (81.3%) while the control group had good knowledge (68.7%). Statistical test results obtained OR = 9.533 (CI=95%) with Lower Limit (2.361) and Upper Limit (38.501). Conclusion: Mother’s knowledge is a risk factor for malnutrition in children aged 6-59 months in the coastal areas of Kendari. Mothers with less nutritional knowledge are at 9 times the risk of having children with poor nutrition. A counseling program is needed to improve maternal nutrition knowledge.Keywords: children, coastal areas, malnutrition, mother’s knowledgeObjective. To determine the effect of mother’s knowledge on the incidence of malnutrition in children aged 6-59 months in the coastal areas of Kendari.Method. This was a case control study conducted in the coastal area of Kendari in November to December 2018. Cases were children aged 6-59 months with malnutrition, while controls were children with good nutrition. The data was obtained from the medical records of Abeli, Mata and Benu-Benua Health Center from January to October 2018. Malnutrition was determined by Z-score (body weight/age). A total of 16 cases were taken with total sampling and 48 controls were taken with purposive sampling with non-matching method according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mother's knowledge was determined using the modification questionnaire. Data analysis with statistical tests assessing Odd Ratio (OR), with a 2x2 contingency table and a 95% confidence level with a significance level of α = 0.05. This study was approved by the Medical and Health Research Ethics Commission of Halu Oleo University.Results. Most cases of malnutrition were aged 25-48 months. The majority of respondents aged 20-35 years old, consisting of cases (50,0%) and controls (64,6%). The majority of maternal education levels were primary education in the case group (75,0%) and secondary education in the control group (47.9%). The majority of the case groups had less knowledge (81.3%) while the control group had good knowledge (68.7%). Statistical test results obtained OR = 9.533 (CI=95%) with Lower Limit (2.361) and Upper Limit (38.501). Conclusion. Mother’s knowledge is a risk factor for malnutrition in children aged 6-59 months in the coastal areas of Kendari. Mothers with less nutritional knowledge are at 9 times the risk of having children with poor nutrition. A counseling program is needed to improve maternal nutrition knowledge.
Access to community health center and tuberculosis patient dropout
No full text Background: In social perspective everyone have their rights to access health facilities (1) yet it still challenging due to geographical or non-geographical barriers. Inadequate access to health facilities has made the controlling of communicable disease not overly solved, including Tuberculosis. Indonesia have been put as country with the highest burden for TB, MDR TB and also TB/HIV in 2016-2020 (2). One of challenging that faced is the incidence of drug resistant TB due to TB treatment drop out. Bantul regency is the second highest TB cases finding rate after Sleman however, the cure rate below national standard during 2016-2018.Method: This study is observational descriptive research by using primary and secondary data, sample of this study consist of 27 community health centers and 60 auxiliary health centers. ArcGIS were used to analysis the spatial data.Results: The locations of community health centers in Bantul regency is near the collector road, the farthest distance to reach community health center in Bantul is 15 Km and the maximum travel time to community health is 60 minutes, geographical berries in Bantul regency are water body such as rivers and lakes. Human resource in 12 community health centers have been exceed the amount standards and 15 others have not been exceed the amount standards. Number of TB drop out was 22 cases, and Banguntapan village has highest amount of drop out TB cases.Conclusions: Community health distribution in Bantul regency is almost cover all the administrative area in Bantul regency. TB drop out cases is need serious intention to increase cure rate.Key words: Access, community health center, drop out tuberculosis, spatial patternBackground: In social perspective everyone has their rights to access health facilities yet it is still challenging due to geographical or non-geographical barriers. Inadequate access to health facilities has made the controlling of communicable disease not overly solved, including Tuberculosis. Indonesia has been put as the country with the highest burden for TB, MDR TB and also TB/HIV in 2016-2020. One of the challenges that faced is the incidence of drug resistant TB due to TB treatment drop out. Bantul regency is the second highest TB cases finding rate after Sleman however, the cure rate is below national standard during 2016-2018.Method:This study is observational descriptive research by using primary and secondary data, sample of this study consist of 27 community health centers and 60 auxiliary health centers. ArcGIS was used to analyze the spatial data.Results: The locations of community health centers in Bantul regency is near the collector road, the farthest distance to reach community health center in Bantul is 15 Km and the maximum travel time to community health is 60 minutes, geographical berries in Bantul regency are water body such as rivers and lakes. Human resource in 12 community health centers have been exceed the amount standards and 15 others have not been exceed the amount standards. Number of TB dropouts was 22 cases, and Banguntapan village has the highest number of drop out TB cases.Conclusions: Community health distribution in Bantul regency is almost cover all the administrative area in Bantul regency. TB drop out cases need serious intention to increase cure rate
KEBERLANJUTAN PROGRAM POS PELAYANAN TERPADU PADA ERA PENERAPAN DANA DESA DI KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA
No full textPurpose: This study aims to analyze good practices for the sustainability of Village Fund supported posyandus in Banjarnegara District.Methods: This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study design. The study used purposive sampling with 23 informants. We used in-depth interviews for data collection.Result: Posyandu sustainabilityis supported by the stability of funding sourced from the Village Fund as the main financing strategy. Six Domains of Posyandu Sustainability for political support, funding stability, partnerships, organizational capacity, evaluation, and communication that still need to be strengthened are the organizational capacity of Posyandu. It is necessary to refer to Permendagri No. 18 of 2018. Posyandu sustainability in rural areas is better than in urban areas.Conclusion: It is necessary to strengthen the domain of posyandu organizational stability, with the strengthening of Posyandu institutions that will impact the support policies of villages / sub-districts to Posyandu.Latar Belakang: Masalah stunting dan gizi buruk masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Kegiatan pemantauan berat badan anak balita di Pos Pelayanan Terpadu (Posyandu) adalah kegiatan utama program perbaikan perbaikan gizi yang menitikberatkan pada upaya pencegahan dan peningkatan keadaan gizi anak. Pemanfaatan Posyandu secara nasional masih kurang. Dari hasil Riskesdas tahun 2018 didapatkan hasil proporsi penimbangan berat badan anak balita sesuai dengan standar minimal 8 kali adalah 54%. Dalam menjalankan program Posyandu yang efektif efisien perlu adanya dukungan pendanaan, kemitraan, organisasi yang kuat. Provinsi Jawa tengah memiliki cakupan D/S di atas rata-rata nasional, yaitu 82,5 % dan merupakan provinsi penerima dana desa tertinggi dari 34 provinsi, Kabupaten Banjarnegara adalah salah satu kabupaten dengan cakupan D/S diatas rata-rata nasional dan merupakan kabupaten yang tidak menjadi lokus stunting di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan diketahui sejak tahun 2015 dana desa merupakan sumber dana untuk kegiatan Posyandu di Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Naiknya alokasi dana desa dari tahun ke tahun tidak menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan alokasi anggaran untuk Posyandu. Hal inilah yang melatarbelakangi pentingnya mengidentifikasi kapasitas keberlanjutan program Posyandu.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik baik keberlanjutan program Posyandu di Kabupaten BanjarnegaraMetode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus deskriptif. Penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling dengan subjek penelitian berjumlah 23 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam.Hasil: Keberlanjutan Pos Pelayanan Terpadu di Kabupaten Banjarnegara di dukung kapasitas pendanaan yang bersumber dari Dana Desa sebagai strategi pembiayaan utama.Enam Domain Keberlanjutan Posyandu dukungan, pendanaan, kemitraan, organisasi, evaluasi dan komunikasi yang masih perlu dikuatkan adalah organisasi Posyandu, perlu mengacu kepada Permendagri No 18 Tahun 2018. Keberlanjutan Posyandu di wilayah pedesaan lebih baik di banding wilayah perkotaan.Kesimpulan:Perlu penguatan domain organisasi Posyandu, dengan penguatan kelembagaan Posyandu akan berdampak kepada kebijakan dukungan Desa/Kelurahan kepada Posyandu