Majalah Kedokteran Bandung
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Efficacy and Safety of Micropulse Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation Use in Refractory Glaucoma Patients
Get PDFGlaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Micropulse Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC) is a new method for treatment for refractory glaucoma with lesser complications than coventional TSCPC. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of MP-TSCPC (IRIDEX IQ810 Laser systems, CA) for refractory glaucoma treatment. This was a retrospective study using data obtained from the medical records of patients who underwent a MP-TSCPC procedure at Cicendo National Eye Hospital from July 2018 to September 2019. The outcomes measured were success rate (IOP decreased ≥30% from baseline with or without anti glaucoma medication at first month follow up) and post-operative complications. Fifty-seven eyes from 56 patients with a mean age of 57 years old underwent MP-TSCPC with 3 month follow up. The mean pre-operative intraocular pressure (IOP) dropped from 51.8 mmHg to 36.0 mmHg at 1 month follow up and 36.8 mmHg at the final follow up, representing an IOP decrease of 31% (1 month) and 28% (3 month). There was also a decrease of anti glaucoma medication usage from 2.51 to 2.16. The overall success rate at 1 month follow up was 49% and only 5% complication were found in this study. MP-TSCPC is safe and effective for lowering IOP and decreasing the need of anti glaucoma -medications in refractory glaucoma case. Further long-term evaluation and comparison to conventional TSCPC are still necessary
Mosquito Nets Use in South Central Timor District is Significantly Liked to Incidence of Malaria
Get PDFNinety percent of malaria cases in Indonesia come from Papua, West Papua, and East Nusa Tenggara provinces. The country has declared a target of malaria elimination by 2030. Malaria elimination efforts have been performed through case finding, treatment, surveillance, and risk factor prevention and control. Personal protection is crucial in preventing and reducing the risk for malaria infection. This study aimed to assess the significance of personal protection against mosquitoes in eastern Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional study using the secondary data from a previous study of malaria in eastern Indonesia in 2013–2014. Data were collected using a questionnaires and direct observation and analyzed using the chi-square with α 0.05 and 95% CI. A total of 551 data were collected (180 positive vs 371 negative). The use of mosquito nets at night (p-value: 0.038; OR: 3.127) has a significant relationship with the incidence of malaria while the use of ventilation screen (p-value: 0.191; OR: 0.839), vector shelter (p-value: 0.493; OR: 0.852), and mosquito repellent (p-value: 0.564; OR: 1.585) did not have significant relationships to the incidence of malaria. Mass distribution of mosquito nets by the local governments can constitute one of the efforts to prevent and control malaria in South Central Timor District
Initial TLC, NLR, LDH, CRP, D-Dimer, and Procalcitonin in Intubated vs Non Intubated COVID-19 Patients
Get PDFCOVID-19 is an acute respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that has caused a pandemic with symptoms of upper respiratory infection, respiratory failure, and even mortality. Several asymptomatic patients, with no shortness of breath, were found to experience impaired oxygenation in examination for objective data (happy hypoxia). Thus, objective data are needed, including data on inflammatory parameters (TLC, NLR, LDH, CRP, D-dimer and PCT) to monitor the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory parameters in the initial days of treatment for COVID-19 patients between intubated and non-intubated patients during hospitalization. The study was conducted in the COVID isolation ward of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, from July 2020 to July 2021. This was a retrospective cross-sectional comparative analytical observational study that involved patients’ first laboratory examination results. The statistical analysis was performed using Mann Whitney test for numerical data and Chi Square test for categorical data. There were significant differences in inflammatory parameters values in both groups (p<0.01). The TLC values of intubated patients were lower than those of non-intubated patients, while the NLR, LDH, CRP, D-dimer and PCT values of intubated COVID-19 patients were higher than those of non-intubated patients
Antioxidant Activities of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Telang Flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) Combination Tea
Get PDFTea is widely consumed for health purposes to prevent and treat various diseases. This paper reports the antioxidant activities of a herbal tea namely jahe (ginger, Zingiber officinale) telang (Clitoria ternatea L.), and the combination namely JaTe (jahe and telang). Each of jahe, telang, and JaTe teas were made of 2g ginger, 5 buds dried telang flower, and the combination respectively. The teas were boiled in 200 mL for 5 minutes. The dried ginger, telang, and JaTe formulation were evaluated for antioxidant activities. Total phenolic content was evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu using the gallic acid equivalent (GAE), while total flavonoid content was evaluated by aluminum chloride colorimetric assay using the quercetin equivalent (QE). The antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2'-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) scavenging activities, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were found in ginger tea with 23.62 μg GAE/100% concentration and 7.22 μg QE/100% concentration, followed by telang tea with 16.20 μg GAE/100% concentration and 4.88 μg QE/100% concentration. Ginger tea has the strongest DPPH scavenging activity with IC₅₀=7.76% followed by telang tea 17.07%. JaTe tea has the strongest ABTS scavenging activity with IC₅₀=1.01% followed by ginger tea with IC₅₀=1.26%. Ginger tea has the strongest H₂O₂ scavenging activity with IC₅₀=13.23% and followed by JaTe tea with IC₅₀=14.66%. JaTe tea has the strongest FRAP activity with IC₅₀=3.59%, followed by ginger tea with IC₅₀=4.94%. Overall, JaTe herbal tea formulation has a strong antioxidant activity
Shear Bond Strength of Dental Cements on Titanium Alloy: Use of Different Restorative Materials
Get PDFDifferent dental cements and restorative materials may have various impacts on the shear bond strength (SBS) to titanium alloy of dental implants, and some fluoride-containing cements may destroy the oxide layer of Ti alloys. The aim of this study was to evaluate the retention and SBS of different dental cements to titanium alloy using different restorative materials and also the corrosive effect of dental cements on titanium alloy. In this in-vitro study, a total of ninety titanium alloy discs (10×3 mm) and restorative material discs (7×3mm) consisting of Co-Cr soft metal, zirconia, and Ni-Cr were constructed. Three dental cement of 2 different compositional classes, glass ionomer (GI) and zinc phosphate (ZP), were used to cement the discs (n=10 in each paired disks). SBS was evaluated using a universal testing machine with a cross-head speed of 1mm/min. A stereomicroscope (×32) and a scanning electron microscope were used to determine the fracture pattern and titanium corrosion, respectively. Data were then analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA and Tamhane comparison test (P<0.05). The mean SBS of studied groups ranged from 0.12±0.07 to 6.2±0.97 Mpa, with the Ni-Cr and zirconia were demonstrated as the materials with the highest and lowest SBS to GI and ZP, respectively. The cements created a strong bond to the Co-Cr soft metal while the GI cement remained on restorative material disc surfaces in all samples, except in the zirconia sample. Mixed patterns were mostly seen in ZP cement groups. To conclude, applying fluoride-containing cements have no effect on titanium
Nutmeg Extract Alters Mitochondrial Genes Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers in Aging Rats
Get PDFNutmeg as one of Indonesia native plants has already been used widely in herbal treatment. It has been demonstrated that nutmeg presents activities related to mitochondria functions. Nutmeg potentially has the effect of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors Υ (PPAR Υ) which contributes to myogenesis, and may alters mitochondrial homeostasis in respiration and biogenesis. In this study, how nutmeg extract alters oxidative process in skeletal muscle of aging rats was explored. Twenty aging Wistar male rats aged 80 weeks old were divided into two groups (control and nutmeg treatment). Nutmeg extract was administered for 12 weeks using a gavage. After that, the soleus muscles were collected, weighted, frozen, and stored at -800C until used. Nutmeg was observed to increase the COX1 (1.9 folds, p<0.01), COX2 (1.6 folds, p<0.05), and COXIV (2.8 folds, p<0.01) gene expressions, in parallel with increased protein carbonyl levels (1.5 folds, p<0,01). Nutmeg treatment also significantly increased the expressions of antioxidant endogen COQ7 (2 folds, p<0,01) and PDSS2 (2 folds, p<0,01) in the soleus muscle. Taken together, nutmeg extract may improve mitochondrial respiratory oxidative activities in type I aging skeletal muscle
Differences in CD95L Levels and Blood Test Results in Primary and Secondary Dengue Infection Patients
Get PDFDengue is a disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) that is transmitted mainly by the female Aedes aegypti mosquito. There are four serotypes of DEN, leading to a possibility that a person may be infected four times by this virus, albeit with different serotypes. Recovery from infection with one viral serotype provides lifelong immunity to the same serotype but not to the other serotypes. Secondary infection by other serotypes increases the risk of developing severe dengue. The pathogenesis of severe dengue involves apoptosis of microvascular endothelial cells that leads to plasma leakage. In addition, there is usually a decrease in platelets and leukocytes and an increase in hematocrit. This study aimed to compare the results of the CD95L examination involved in the apoptotic process and the results of blood tests in primary and secondary dengue patients. This was a cross-sectional study performed in a four months period (September–December 2019) involving several clinics and doctor's private practices in Medan, Indonesia. Subjects were eighty-four dengue patients, consisting of 18 (21%) patients with primary infection and 66 (79%) with secondary infection. Data collected were tested with the Mann Whitney test with p-value of <0.05 considered significant. A significant difference (p value=0.007) was observed in the lymphocyte counts between primary and secondary dengue patients, but no differences were seen in CDL95 level, platelet count, leukocyte count, and hematocrit. In conclusion, except for the lymphocyte count, there is no difference in CD95L level and blood test results between primary and secondary dengue patients
Association Between Parenting Styles, Children’s Nutritional Status, and Quality of Life among Children Ages 8-12 Years
Get PDFNutritional status and parenting styles are two factors that are thought to affect children’s quality of life. This study aimed to assess the relationship between parenting styles, nutritional status, and quality of life of children aged 8-12 years. This cross-sectional observational analytic study used data collected from November 2020 to January 2021 using the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) that were distributed in the form of e-questionnaire . The analysis tests used were the Spearman and logistic regression tests with a level of significance of 0.05. The results of the Spearman test showed that there was no correlation between parenting style and quality of life (p = 0.882) and between the nutritional status and quality of life (p = 0.568). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the variables of parenting (p = 0.437; 95% CI = 0.607–3.174; OR = 1.388) and nutritional status (p = 0.432; 95% CI = 0.504–1.341; OR = 0.822) were not associated with quality of life. Thus, there is no significant relationship between parenting patterns and children's nutritional status on the quality of life of children aged 8-12 years
Intravenous Dexamethasone as Prophylaxis Against Laryngeal Edema Associated with Changes in Sound Quality in Patients Undergoing Total Thyroidectomy
Get PDFThyroidectomy is a relatively safe surgical procedure for thyroid gland removal with a with mortality and morbidity rates of less than 2–3%. Complication in the form of sound changes often goes unnoticed in post-thyroid patients despite its high incidence rate, i.e., 87% of all surgical cases. Laryngeal edema as the underlying cause can be triggered by intubation or extubation during anesthesia; malfunction of the strap muscles; surgery that directly causes injury to the superior laryngeal nerve; and recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries. Several studies on the use of dexamethasone to prevent or reduce laryngeal edema that occurs after thyroidectomy have been conducted with controversial results. This study was conducted to solve this controversy. This was a double-blind randomized prospective study on thyroid tumors patients who underwent thyroidectomy at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, from December 2020 to May 2021. This study evaluated dexamethasone effects on the patient’s sound changes using the Sound Handicap Index (VHI) questionnaire before surgery, day 1 after the surgery, and day 7 after the surgery. Analysis showed that the VHI significantly decreased on day 1 (p<0.01) and on day 7 (p<0.01), and the difference between the VHI on day 1 (D-1) and day 7 (D-7) was significant (p<0.01). When analyzed using the bivariate analysis, no statistically significant difference was found between the VHI variable before surgery, D-1, and D-7and VHI H7 in the group of patients using dexamethasone and without dexamethasone. Dexamethasone administration has no significant effect on laryngeal edema associated with changes in sound quality