MAKARA Journal of Technology
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SIMULASI GRADED CHANNEL MOSFET DENGAN S-PISCES 2B
Get PDFGraded Channel MOSFET simulation with S-Pisces 2B. Graded-Channel Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-effect-Transistor or GCMOSFET is being discussed in this paper. GCMOSFET technology has been developed to meet thegrowing demand for low power and high performance application. In this paper, it will be shown that, compared toungraded MOSFET, the GCMOSFET device offers the advantage of significantly higher drive current. The higher drivecurrent is achieved because the effecctive channel length of GCMOSFET is shorter than the ungraded MOSFET's.From the simulation result with S-PISCES 2B and MATLAB, it can been shown that the ID from GCMOSFET ishigher than the ID from ungraded MOSFET. As an example, with VG = 4 V and VD = 4 V, ID from MOSFET is equalwith 9.78 e-06 A and ID from GCMOSFET is equal with 16.56 e-06 A. Beside that, as an example, to get ID = 1.13 e-05A with MOSFET will need VG = 4 V and VD = 4.7 V, and with GCMOSFET VG = 4 V and VD = 1.2 V will be needed.This result has shown that GCMOSFET needs lower supply voltage than the ungraded MOSFET which means thatGCMOSFET needs lower power consumption than ungraded MOSFET. From the simulation results, it can be provedthat GCMOSFETwith shorter LGC (graded channel region length) will give larger ID than ID from GCMOSFET withlonger LGC. As we can see that for VGS = 4 V and VDS = 2 V, GCMOSFET with LGC = 4 μm will give ID = 16,56E-06A, GCMOSFET with LGC = 3,5 μm will give ID = 17,51E-06 A, and GCMOSFET with LGC = 3 μm will give ID =18,49E-06Keywords: S-Pisces 2B, MOSFET, GCMOSFE
SINTESIS BAHAN MEMBRAN SEL BAHAN BAKAR: KOPOLIMERISASI STIRENA PADA FILM ETFE DENGAN TEKNIK IRADIASI AWAL
Get PDFSynthesis of Fuel Cell Membrane: Copolymerization of Styrene on ETFE Film by Grafted pre-Irradiation. PreirradiationGrafting styrene monomer on ETFE film has been prepared. Research has been performed by γ-ray radiationat various total dose from 2.5 - 12.5 kGy and various dose rate from 1.3 - 1.9 kGy/hour. Irradiated copolymer is thengrafted by styrene monomer in various solvent: ethanol, 2-propanol, and toluene, various concentration from 20 - 70%volume, various temperature from 50 - 90oC, and various grafting time from 2 - 12 hours. The results showed thatpercent of grafting is increase with increase of total dose and decrease of rate dose. The optimum experiment conditionsare obtained at total dose 10 kGy, dose rate 1,9 kGy/hour, 2-propanol solvent, 40% volume styrene, 4 hours graftingtime, and 70oC grafting temperature.Keywords: grafted pre-irradiation, fuel cell, ETFE Fil
ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL ENERGY LOSSES BY USING SIMULATION
Get PDFModel is a representation of a system. Through model, it can be easier to forecast and control the changing of eachelement system. Electricity distribution is also a system. Losses are general problem that exist in a distribution networksystem. But with the right methods, specifically technical energy losses can be reduced in order to increase theefficiency. By making model of the distribution network, the value of technical energy losses in the whole network aswell as in every line can be observed. Simulation can also be used to see all losses reduction alternatives. By comparingresults from each alternatives, the best alternative, which gives best result can be decided and implemented.Keywords: simulation, technical energy losses, system modelling, electricit
PERENCANAAN KEGIATAN MAINTENANCE DENGAN METODE REABILITY CENTERED MAINTENANCE (RCM) II
Get PDFMaintenance Activity Planning by Reability Centered Maintenance (RCM) II Method. This research discussmaintenance activity by using RCM II method to determine failure function risk at compresor screw. Calculation isgiven to magnitude optimum time maintenance interval by considering the cost maintenance and the cost reparation.From the research results with RPN points out that critical component that needs to get main priority in givemaintenance on compresor screw are bust logistic on timeworn piston, and on filter's sponge airs to come out damagethat gets RPN 45. Optimum maintenance interval point one that acquired to prevent failure on compresor screw smallerthan appreciative MTTF which indicate optimum maintenance interval in avoiding its bust happening logisticcomponent before happening damage.Keywords: compresor screw, maintenance activity schedule plan, optimum time maintenance interval, RCM II, riskassessmen
KARAKTERISTIK MEKANIK KOMPOSIT LAMINA SERAT RAMI EPOKSI SEBAGAI BAHAN ALTERNATIF SOKET PROSTESIS
Get PDFMechanical properties of ramie fiber reinforced epoxy lamina composite for socket prosthesis. This paper presentsan investigation into the application of natural fiber composite especially ramie fiber reinforced epoxy laminacomposite for socket prosthesis. The research focuses on the tensile and shear strength from ramie fiber reinforcedepoxy lamina composite which will be applied as alternative material for socket prosthesis. The research based onAmerican Society for Testing Material (ASTM) standard D 3039/D 3039M for tensile strength and ASTM D 4255/D4255M-83 for shear strength. The ramie fiber applied is a fiber continue 100 % Ne14'S with Epoxy Resin Bakelite EPR174 as matrix and Epoxy Hardener V-140 as hardener. The sample composite test made by hand lay up method.Multiaxial characteristic from ramie fiber reinforced epoxy composite will be compared with ISO standard forplastic/polymer for health application and refers strength of material application at Prosthetics and Orthotics. Theanalysis was completed with the mode of the failure and the failure criterion observation by using Scanning ElectronMicroscope (SEM). Based on results of the research could be concluded that ramie fiber reinforced epoxy compositecould be developed further as the alternative material for socket prosthesis on Vf 40-50%. Results of the research willbe discussed in more detail in this paper.Keywords: mechanical properties, ramie fiber reinforced epoxy lamina composite, socket prosthesi
ISOLASI METIL LAURAT DARI MINYAK KELAPA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU SURFAKTAN FATTY ALCOHOL SULFATE (FAS)
Get PDFIsolation of Methyl Laurate from Coconut Oil as Raw Material for Fatty Alcohol Sulfate. Methyl laurate is a rawor base material for many industries, including surfactant industries. In this research, coconut oil (VCO) istransesterified with methanol to produce methyl ester, using NaOH as the catalyst. Methyl laurate is then separated bymethod based on the difference in melting point. This research focuses at determining the effects of some variables intransesterification on the concentration of produced methyl laurate. The variables are temperature (40 oC, 50 oC, 60 oC,80 oC), time of transesterification reaction (0,5 hour, 1 hour, 1,5 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours), and the percent weight of thecatalyst NaOH (0,5 %, 1 %, 1,5 %, 2 %, 3 %). Research showed the concentration of methyl laurate increased,following the increased temperature, time, and percent weight of catalysts. Optimal conditions were acquired at reactiontemperature of 60oC, reaction time of 2 hours, and percent weight of the catalyst NaOH of 2 %. Laurate acid conversionto methyl laurate that yielded from optimal conditions, after the separation based on melting point, was 55,61 %.Keywords: methyl laurate, coconut oil, fatty alcohol sulfate, transesterificatio
STUDI ABSORPSI CO2 MENGGUNAKAN KOLOM GELEMBUNG BERPANCARAN JET (JET BUBBLE COLUMN)
Get PDFA Study of CO2 Absorption Using Jet Bubble Column. The phenomenon of plunging jet gas-liquid contact occurs quite often in nature, it's momentum carries small air bubbles with it into the reactor medium. The momentum of the liquid stream can be sufficient to carry small bubbles completely to the bottom of the vessel. A stream of liquid falling toward a level surface of that liquid will pull the surrounding air along with it. It will indent the surface of the liquid to form a trumpet-like shape. If the velocity of the stream is high enough, air bubbles will be pulled down, i.e. entrained into the liquid. This happens for two main reasons: air that is trapped between the edge of the falling stream and the trumpet-shaped surface profile and is carried below the surface. This study investigates the potential of a vertical liquid plunging jet for a pollutant contained gas absorption technique. The absorber consists of liquid jet and gas bubble dispersed phase. The effects of operating variables such as liquid flowrate, nozzle diameter, separator pressure, etc. on gas entrainment and holdup were investigated. The mass transfer of the system is governed by the hydrodynamics of the system. Therefore a clear and precise understanding of the above is necessary : to characterize liquid and gas flow within the system, 2. Variation in velocity of the jet with the use of different nozzle diameters and flow rates, 3. Relationship between the liquid and entrained airflow rate, 4. Gas entrainment rate and gas void fraction.Keywords: absorption with chemical reaction, jet bubble column, hydrodynamic, absorption kinetic, CO
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PENGGUNAAN TIPE PENYALAAN KONTROL JARAK SAMA DAN SUDUT SAMA PADA PENYEARAH TERKENDALI TIGA PHASA
Get PDFAnalysis of three phase controlled rectifier with the same distance control as compared to the same angle control.This research aim to compare the firing of the same distance and the same angle control at three phase controlledrectifier with seen generated harmonic at input (AC side). Then calculate of rectifier efficiency and power factorcomparison from both the control type. The rectifier use passive filter with resistance 11 ohm and is analysed withprogram simulation using PSPICE version 7.1. Result of research indicate that use of the same distance controlgenerates the 5th and 7th harmonics, while the same angle control generates the 3rd , 5th and 7th harmonics at the input(AC side). At the output (DC side), the same distance control type generates the 6th voltage ripples, while the sameangle control generates the 2nd, and 6th voltage ripples. The result of calculation of voltage ripples that happened equalto 3.5% with efficiency 99.8% at same distance control, while at the same angle control obtained voltage ripples equalto 4% with efficiency 99.7% . At the firing angle 300 obtained by THD input equal to 50.26% with power factor equalto 0.89 at same distance control type, while the same angle control obtained by THD input equal to 53,831% withpower factor to 0,87. From this result indicate that the firing of thyristor with the same distance better then is the sameangle control.Keywords: control type, voltage ripples, efficiency, power facto
PENGEMBANGAN METODE ANALOGY UNTUK ESTIMASI BIAYA RANCANG BANGUN PERANGKAT LUNAK
Get PDFThe important aspect of planning and managing software development project is to estimate the cost of a project. There are several methods for estimating the cost of a software development project, and the Analogy method is a method which gives relatively better estimates. This paper shows that the modified Analogy method selects a closer project reference, estimates more accurate project effort and cost. This study enhances the cost estimate technique by including valid and complete cost parameters, therefore the estimate of a project cost is better than the result of the standard Analogy method.Keywords: Analogy method, similarity, software development, cost estimate, project management
PROSEDUR PENGUKURAN KEKERASAN YANG BENAR PADA NANOKOMPOSIT nc-TiN/a-Si3N4
Get PDFHardness of nc-TiN/a-Si3N4 nanocomposites which was determined by using two methods of measurements i. e. depth sensing method and remaining plastic indentation area that were magnified by using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) lie in the good agreement. The hardness value is not influenced by the biaxial and residual compressive stress. The measurement of the biaxial stress on the substrate shows a very small value of biaxial stress as well as the constant hardness and crystallite size against annealing temperature. Therefore, the reported hardness value here is theintrinsic value that depend on its microstructure properties.Keywords: Nanokomposit, hardness, nanokomposi