JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik)
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Kompensasi Pengurangan Subsidi Bahan Bakar Minyak Melalui Insentif Fiskal Pemerintah Pusat kepada Pemerintah Daerah
Get PDFSubsidi Bahan Bakar Minyak di Indonesia meningkat secara tajam dalam beberapa tahun terakhir dengan rata-rata peningkatan sebesar 18,29% per tahun dalam periode 2006 – 2013. Besaran subsidi mengambil porsi antara 22% hingga 39,7% terhadap APBN pada periode tersebut. Tingginya besaran subsidi tersebut menimbulkan beban berat pada anggaran pemerintah pusat. Salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi beban pemerintah adalah dengan mengurangi jumlah subsidi yang diberikan. Pengurangan subsidi tersebut harus dikembalikan kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk yang lebih produktif, salah satunya dalam bentuk insentif fiscal pemerintah pusat kepada pemerintah daerah.
Mekanisme pemberian insentif kepada pemerintah daerah dapat dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan kebijakan dan program yang dijalankan oleh pemerintah daerah untuk mengurangi konsumsi BBM. Metode perhitungan besaran insentif dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa skenario dengan mempertimbangkan penghematan anggaran pemerintah karena pengurangan subsidi dan perubahan Dead Weight Loss (DWL) sebagai kerugian yang timbul karena alokasi anggaran yang tidak tepat.
Hasil perhitungan besaran insentif fiskal berdasarkan skenario harga BBM memperlihatkan adanya perbedaan cukup signifikan antara skenario 1 yang berbasis besaran subsidi yang dikeluarkan pemerintah, dengan skenario 3 yang berbasis pada besaran DWL. Alternatifnya, dapat diperhitungkan besaran insentif berdasarkan proporsi pengurangan DWL dibandingkan penghematan anggaran. Hasil perhitungan berdasarkan skenario ini memperlihatkan besaran insentif antara Rp1,2 tilyun (pada harga bensin Rp7.100) hingga Rp3,3 trilyun (pada harga bensin Rp9.500 atau subsidi dicabut). Sementara pada solar, besarannya antara Rp1,08 trilyun (pada harga solar Rp7.100) hingga Rp2,97 trilyun (pada harga solar Rp9.500 atau subsidi dicabut). Besaran ini relatif moderat dan dapat menjadi acuan dalam pemberian insentif kepada daerah
Implementasi Program Jaminan Pendidikan Daerah di Kota Yogyakarta
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Tulisan ini menganalisis tentang implementasi program Jaminan Pendidikan Daerah (JPD) di Kota Yogyakarta. Belum efektif- nya program JPD dalam mencapai tujuannya menjadi latarbelakang kajian ini. Pentingnya penilaian untuk menjelaskan ala- san-alasan program JPD tersebut belum efektif menjadi tujuan dari penulisan ini. Pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif digunakan penulis untuk menjelaskan secara objektif, detail, dan mendalam terhadap hasil yang telah diperolah di lapangan. Teknik obser- vasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi digunakan penulis dalam pengumpulan datanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa implementasi program Jaminan Pendidikan Daerah (JPD) di kota Yogyakarta belum efektif mencapai tujuannya dikare- nakan: pertama, hasil penilaian keluaran (output) program seperti akses, bias, cakupan, dan ketepatan layanan menunjukkan belum efektif dilaksanakan. Kedua, penilaian hasil keluaran (outcome) program menunjukkan bahwa bantuan yang diberikan kepada para siswa KMS secara langsung dapat dirasakan. Namun, secara lebih lanjut pada penilaian kedua yaitu dampak jangka menengah (intermediate) belum menunjukkan efektif karena motivasi belajar maupun prestasi belajar siswa KMS masih dapat dikatakan rendah. Selanjutnya, dampak jangka panjang (long-term) belum dapat terwujud dan masih menjadi harapan program
Implementasi Kebijakan Penataan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kawasan Perumahan Kota Banjarbaru
Get PDFUndang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang menyatakan bahwa proporsi ruang terbuka hijau terbuka (RTH) adalah minimal 30 persen dari panjang kota. Hal ini menjadi menarik karena setiap kota memiliki keterbatasan dalam memenuhi ketentuan ini; salah satunya adalah Kota Banjarbaru di Kalimantan Selatan. Pada akhir tahun 2011, ketersediaan RTH di Banjarbaru sekitar 612,10 hektar atau hanya 1,65 persen dari panjang kota. Di sisi lain, RTH juga penting sebagai antisipasi tingginya permintaan dari reformasi tanah dan sebagai upaya untuk menjaga keseimbangan lingkungan kota, karena 12.998,3 hektar atau 30 persen dari luas Kota Banjarbaru telah berubah menjadi pemukiman. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk membahas proses implementasi kebijakan RTH dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi melibatkan organisasi pemerintah sebagai pelaksana dan pengembang perumahan sebagai objek kebijakan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada berbagai tindakan ketidaktaatan dilakukan oleh pengembang terhadap kebijakan RTH, misalnya pengembang tidak menyediakan area untuk RTH, perbedaan bentuk dari RTH, perubahan penggunaan RTH, dan tidak tersedianya RTH. Beberapa alasan yang mendasari ketidaktaatan ini adalah faktor tidak mematuhi hukum selektif; ekonomi; dan kepentingan pribadi atau organisasi. Faktor lain yang memengaruhi implementasi kebijakan terdiri atas struktur birokrasi; sumber daya; komunikasi; dan disposisi
Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Pesisir (PEMP) : Suatu Kajian di Kecamatan Cilincing, Jakarta Utara
No full textThis paper discusses empowerment program for coastal communities in Cilincing district, North Jakarta. Basically, the program has bees relatively successful in developing coastal communities's entrepreneurship. This can be seen from the estabilishment of cooperatives and small scale enterprises in that area. But, this paper underlines that grant allocation for the fisherman is still limited. Otherwise, the merchants received the most amount of grant allocation. In other word, bias on delivering program has occurred. Furthermore, target location for this program has not been equal yet.It was concentrated on few villages only low understanding for loan scheme also became crucial problem for the program. This has pushed for bad credit in a lot of amount
Perilaku Profesional Dosen Pegawai Negeri Sipil Indonesia
No full textThe civil servant lecturer professional behavior model was designed based on the social cognitive theory of Bandura (1991,1989,2001) theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1988,2005), moral development stages of Kohlberg and ethical decision making model (Jones, 1991; Weber and Gillespie, 1998). The Structural equation analysis result show a fit and goodness of the model with the empirical data i.e; Chi square is only 14,384, probability equal to 0,421, RMSEA is 0,009, GFI is 0,990, AFGI is 0,969, and CMIN/DF is 1,027. The model and empirical data explain that professional behavior of civil servant lecturer in Indonesia at This time is determined by interaction dynamics of: 1) personal factor, i.e. intention to behave professionally, occupational commitment, and organizational commitment; and 2) situational factor, i.e lecturer's response to organizational design. Only around 9,57% of respondents have been successful to demonstrate professional behavior and able to reach "engage in moral behavior
Analisis Komparasi Regulasi Registrasi Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi di Indonesia dan Australia
No full textin proces
Dinamika Implementasi Kebijakan Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT) Studi Kasus di Kaupaten Kebumen
No full textBnatuan Langsung Tunai (Cash Transfer Subsidy) was targeted to the poor for compensating the fuel price hike in 2005. In Kebumen Regency, there was difference of perception or understanding and interest policy actors in the implementation of Cash Transfer Subsidy. The difference was not only caused by limited time in preparing program affecting absence of perception similarity, but also conflict of interest in various bureaucratic layers and target groups.The difference of perception and interest policy actors finally resulted in conflict between actors, deviation of Cash Transfer Subsidy practice, both from process of early program recordings to phase of fund distributions and mistargeting. Other implications were appearances of moral hazard. Those who were actually better off have claimed themselves to be poor and apply for the subsidy fund. Solution of even distribution done by actors of lowest level indicated that there was weak perception for policy goal and effort to reduce social conflict.The government needs to better prepare before the programme is launched. Socialization, coordination among institutions can avoid misperception or misunderstanding of policy actors. In addition, it is necessary for the regency government to have commitment and to involve local community to minimize problems in the implementation
Struktur Peraturan Daerah Era Reformasi (Studi Perbandingan Peraturan Daerah tahun 2000-2006 di Kabupaten Brebes dan Kabupaten Pemalang)
No full textThe local regulations in Indonesia develop fast in the reformation era. Many local regulations were produced by regency and city governments, so did in Brebes and Pemalang Regency. Local regulation structure is important to be examined in order to ger veluable information about tendency of the local government behavior which is reflected on the published local regulation (local public policy). Local government structure in Brebes and Pemalang show that the most dominant local regulation is the local regulation which is linked with organization and management as well as tax and retribution. This is show the enthusiasm of both regency to increase local government organization and management, also teh effort to increase regional pure income
Telaah Kritis Pelayanan Umum di Perkotaan
No full textThis article discusses about various important aspects of public services, particularly in the urban areas. The author critically analyses the quality of public services provided by municipality government from various aspects. On the basis of his
analysis, the author argues that accountability, responsibility, accessibility and efficieng are among other important indicators which should be applied to measure the qual0ty of public services
Implementasi Demokrasi dalam Otonomi Desa
No full textThe village social and political development nowdays tend to show in the uncertain condition and mistrack. On one side, in the rural community there is much basic weakness such as the low degree of human resource, natural resource, culture, financial, and political and the economic infrastructure. The commitment of elite leadership (Village Legislative Body , Head of Village and its personnel) tend to be weak hear the village community aspiration. On other side, the centralgovernment (including localgovernment) articulate that the decentralisation process, democrag and village autonomy is also show the mistrack The attempt to impelement tightly the legislation of the village autonomy that must be obeyed and the legislation homogeni# for at least a district/ city is dearly the betrayal" to nature of autonomy itself.
In such condition so the short term attempt that could be immediately done to reduce the problem is to make arrangement (sense straighting), consciuosness, and the political empowerment both for the village community and the central and local government. In addition, the misperception and unconciousness on decentralization, democrag and the village autonomy could be done 6y understanding the decentralization, democrag and the village community active participation in the real meaning that become the main pole of decentralization success and village autonomy.
This writing contains the strategic management and suplementary and barrier factors in impelementing the village autonomy. Then as a anticipative attempt to reduce of unlimited and irresponsible freedom impact, anarcparticipation, and not respect the humanity aspect