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側頭筋の筋束間を通る顎動脈と中硬膜動脈の側枝が同時にみられた一例
Get PDFapplication/pdfDuring routine dissection by dental students at Matsumoto Dental University 2006, we detected a maxillary artery that ran outside of the accessory muscle bundle between the temporal muscle and lateral pterygoid muscle, which is situated on the right side of the infratemporal fossa. The accessory muscle bundle was completely divided into the main part of the temporal muscle by epimysial septum, maxillary artery and pterygoid plexus, though the insertions of the accessory muscle bundle and the main part of the temporal muscle were shared at the inner lines of mandibular ramus. The muscle bundles arising from infratemporal crest was not found on the opposite side in the same area. During examination of the origin of the nerves innervating the muscle, we noted that well developed accessory of the middle meningeal artery ran to the foramen ovale, perforating the inferior alveolar nerve. These findings and the topographical relationship in this case were thought to have caused to unbalanced masticatory movement and mandibular neuralgia.journal articl
Morphology, Function, and Differentiation of Bone Cells
Get PDFapplication/pdfBone plays a pivotal role in storing calcium and phosphate in vertebrates. This tissue is maintained by the balance of bone formation and bone resorption. Osteoblast-lineage cells, consisting of osteoblasts, osteocytes and bone lining cells, are engaged in bone formation. Bone resorption is mediated by osteoclasts. Recent research revealed that receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK)-RANK ligand (RANKL) mechanism is essential for the differentiating and activating osteoclasts. Osteoblast-lineage cells regulate bone resorption via the expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG), a decoy receptor for RANKL. Additionally, osteoblast-lineage cells participate in degradation of bone matrix by secreting MMP-13. Thus, bone remodeling is achieved by the harmonized orchestration of osteoblast-lineage cells and osteoclast-lineage cells.journal articl
咬合圧除去による歯周組織の変化：特に加齢による比較
Get PDFapplication/pdfThis study investigated the effects of age on histological changes in periodontal tissues surrounding occlusal hypofunctional molars in rats. Rats (n=60) of 3 different age groups, i. e., 10-, 50-, and 80-wk-old animals, were used for the experiment. To eliminate occlusal force on the mandibular first molars, the maxillary first molar crowns were resected below their gingival margins. Thirty age-matched untreated rats were used as control groups. Ten days after operation, the animals were sacrificed, and histological changes in the periodontal tissues, such as cementum, alveolar bone, and periodontal membrane, were investigated. In all aged rats, there were rapid atrophic changes in the periodontal membrane, and new bone formation on the alveolar surface narrowed the periodontal space to about half that of age-matched control animals. Fluorescent labeling demonstrated that woven-bone formation was noted at the top of the interradicular septa and at the bottom of the sockets. However, the amount of bone formation of the alveolar bone surface decreased with age . The results of the present study demonstrate that histological changes of the periodontal tissues surrounding rat molars after experimental hypofunction differ in degree but not in kind between the different experimental age groups, and suggest that the degree of histological changes is age-dependent and decreases with age.journal articl
歯科治療時に生じる全身偶発症の防止対策
Get PDFapplication/pdfVarious systemic complications may occur in dental practice due to psychological and physiological stress. The most frequent is neurogenic shock or syncope, and the second is hyperventilation syndrome. These complications are generally classified as mild and do not threaten the life of patients. However, severe complications such as anaphylactic shock, myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disorders rarely occur during dental treatment and may result in death. Therefore, dentists should be fully aware of the systemic complications that may occur in dental practice and make efforts to avoid these complications. This paper reviews the pathophysiology and preventive measures of relatively frequent complications: neurogenic shock, hyperventilation syndrome, allergic reaction to drugs, cardiovascular diseases. It is important to appropriately evaluate the cardiopulmonary reserve of patients with cardiovascular diseases for their safe management. Inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide and intravenous sedation with benzodiazepines or propofol are very useful to reduce psychological stress following dental treatment. As painful stimuli lead to elevation of blood pressure and heart rate, dental treatment should be painless using local anesthesia. Vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine are contained in the local anesthetics used in dentistry to increase the effect and length of local anesthesia, but they may increase cardiac output and cardiac oxygen consumption. Therefore we should choose an appropriate local anesthetic considering the reliable anesthetic effects and few hemodynamic side effects. Various monitors, such as blood pressure, pulse rate, pulse oxymetory and electrocardiogram, are necessary to know the hemodynamic changes during dental treatment. It is possible to prevent severe complications by identifying dangerous hemodynamic changes in the early stages and coping with them appropriately.journal articl
