Jurnal Biodjati
Not a member yet
256 research outputs found
Sort by
Growth, Food Efficiency, and Enzyme Activities in Yellow Rasbora (Rasbora lateristriata) at Different Feeding Frequencies
Get PDFMany studies have been conducted on the feeding frequency in fish, but there is no information on R. lateristriata. Therefore, this study aimed to determine yellow rasbora growth performance, feed efficiency, and digestive enzyme activity at different feeding frequencies. This research was conducted experimentally with four treatments and three replications. The treatments include: P1 fish were fed two times/day; P2 fish were fed three times/day; P3 fish were fed four times/day; and P4 fish were fed five times/day. In this experiment, 420 two-month-old yellow rasboras were used. The experimental results showed that body weight gain, RGR, SGR, CF, FCR, PER, body lipid & protein levels, protein and lipid retention, protease, and amylase activity were not significantly different (p>0.05) between different feeding frequencies. However, lipase and alkaline phosphatase activities differed significantly among the different feeding frequencies. Growth performance, feed efficiency, protease activity, and yellow rasbora amylase are not affected by feeding frequency between two to five times a day. Still, the highest lipase and alkaline phosphatase activity were achieved at the feeding frequency four times a day, but no effect on growth. So, feeding twice a day is considered quite efficient for the culture of yellow rasbora. The results of this study can contribute to the development of fish farming, especially the yellow rasbora, in the future
The Vulnerable Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus from Wonorejo Mangroves, Surabaya, Indonesia Based on Morphology and Molecular Data
Get PDFThe fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus) is a protected animal. Currently, the population in nature is declining due to over-fishing and changes in environmental quality. The existence of this fishing cat is an interesting finding that must be immediately studied at the morphological and genetic levels for certainty of its species. This study aimed to identify fishing cat from Wonorejo Mangroves, based on morphology and Cyt b genes analysis. The results of Cyt b identification obtained a DNA sequence length of 398 bp with a similarity value of the five Prionailurus sp. samples between 96.75 to 98.97%. The identification using molecular data consisted of five variations of nucleotide bases, and the average value of the genetic distance with the ingroup was 1.0%., The Cyt b DNA markers analysis succesfully identified fishing cat from Wonorejo Mangroves as Prionailurus viverrinus.Â
Effect of Growth Space on The Productivity of Maize Using Three Sisters Cultivation with Bee Pollination
Get PDFhe increasing number of food needs is one of the driving factors for increasing agricultural production, but there are constraints on the availability of land. A polyculture system with corn, beans, and pumpkins, commonly known as the three sisters, can create positive interactions that can enhance the growth and development of each plant. This system has a vast potency to be applied to urban farming inside a grow bag because it does not require ample space, the placement of plants is flexible, and it produces a variety of yields. However, it is necessary to assess the effect of growing space on the growth of maize (Zea mays) cultivated by the three-sister system. This study used a completely randomized design with three treatments and six replications. The treatment consists of three planting spaces with various growing bags (treatment A:75 L, B:100 L, and C:200 L). The results of this study showed that the highest corn productivity was in the largest growing space (treatment C), which weighed 318.40 g/cob, and without husks 246.42 g/cob, but not significantly different from treatment B (grow bag 100 L), which weights 316.20 g/cob and without pods of 240.63 g/cob. This study found that the 100 L grow bag was the optimal growing space for planting corn in containers using the three sisters technique
Lactic Acid Bacteria from Mangrove Sediment Produce Bacteriocins Active Against Gram-Positive and Negative Bacteria
Get PDFMangrove is a unique ecosystem. Only a few studies have explored the presence of lactic acid bacteria and their roles in mangrove ecosystems. From mangrove sediments at Logending Beach in Jawa Tengah (Indonesia), the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolates LG-50, LG-107, and LG-114 were discovered. They produce bacteriocins. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of LAB isolates, antimicrobial activity, and physicochemical properties of bacteriocins. LAB isolates were characterized by morphology, physiology, and biochemistry. The production of bacteriocin was performed by salting-out method, followed by testing its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Isolates LG-50, LG-107, and LG-114 are thought to be in the Lactobacillus group. The crude bacteriocin can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The average inhibition zones against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 16.67 mm and 22.17 mm, respectively. The crude bacteriocin tested positive for ninhydrin. It confirmed the crude bacteriocin was a protein and sensitive to the proteolytic enzyme. SDS-PAGE analysis presented the molecular weight of crude bacteriocin was 38 kDa. This present study supports the potential use of bacteriocin in the pharmaceutical and food industries
Endemic Bamboo (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) of the Lesser Sunda Islands
Get PDFMore than 40 species of bamboo were known from the Lesser Sunda Islands (LSI), including several endemic species. Endemic species are often highly specialized, found in limited geographical areas, and vulnerable to extinction if their habitat is destroyed. This study aimed to provide an account of endemic bamboo species on the LSI. Fieldwork involved collecting samples of bamboo in the LSI. Herbarium specimens of bamboo deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), collected from the LSI were examined, and endemic LSI species were recorded. The conservation status followed the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list categories and criteria. The conservation status of unassessed species was evaluated using IUCN red list categories and criteria. A spatial analysis was also conducted. Data were analyzed and presented descriptively. There are 10 endemic bamboo species in the LSI, namely Bambusa ooh Widjaja & Astuti from Bali (conservation status: endangered), Chloothamnus reholttumianus (Soenarko) Widjaja from Sumba (vulnerable), C. schmutzii (S.Dransf.) Widjaja from Sumbawa and Flores (near threatened), Dinochloa kostermansiana S.Dransf. from Sumba and Flores (near threatened), D. sepang Widjaja & Astuti from Bali (vulnerable), Fimbribambusa rifaiana Widjaja from Alor (near threatened), Gigantochloa aya Widjaja & Astuti from Bali (vulnerable), G. baliana Widjaja & Astuti from Bali (vulnerable), G. taluh Widjaja & Astuti from Bali (vulnerable), and Schizostachyum purpureum Damayanto & Widjaja from Sumba (data deficient). They can be found at an altitude of 20–1700 m in various habitats, including forests, bamboo forests, villages, botanical gardens, along a road, slopes, valleys, riverbanks, and around a lake
Genetic Variation of Structural and Functional Genes of SARS-CoV-2 Isolates Circulating in Banyumas (Indonesia)
Get PDFScientists are performing various measurements to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic. The genomic mutations of SARS-CoV-2 can change their pathogenicity, infectivity, transmission, and antigenicity. This present study aimed to know a) the genetic variation of structural and functional genes of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in Banyumas and b) the potential of the Cilacap’s Harbour as a human mobility portal on the genetic variations of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in Banyumas, Central Java (Indonesia). Genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 isolates were taken from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) online platforms. A gene cut was carried out from Wuhan reference isolate, fifteen isolates from Banyumas, and two isolates from Cilacap (Central Java) using Unipro UGENE v. 33.0 software, considering the annotation of the Wuhan-1 isolate. Genetic variations were detected among SARS-CoV-2 isolates circulating in Banyumas. The structural protein (envelope, membrane, nucleocapsid) encoding gene and the RdRp gene were highly conserved to Wuhan reference genome (Wuhan-Hu-1). Meanwhile, the ORF and the spike-encoding genes were less identical to the Wuhan reference genome. This study also proposed that human mobility from outside Central Java through Cilacap’s Harbour did not affect the genetic variation of SARS-CoV-2 isolates circulating in Banyumas (Central Java)
Morphological Characteristics and Similarity Analysis of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Wonosobo, Temanggung, and Magelang Regencies
Get PDFThe diversity of cassava in Wonosobo, Temanggung and Magelang districts must be investigated. The objective of the study was to analyze the diversity of cassava based on morphological characteristics. The cassava of each accession was planted in Bandongan, Magelang Regency. Morphological characters observed after six months of planting included apical leaf color, apical leaf hair, leaf lobe shape, petiole color, leaf color, number of leaf lobes, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, vein color, petiole orientation, color epidermis of stem, color of outer appearance of stem, distance between nodes, stem growth, color of mature branch tip, branching type, tuber, tuber shape, outer tuber skin color, tuber flesh color, and tuber inner skin color. Analysis of the morphological characteristics of cassava is presented in the form of a dendrogram using the MVSP (Multi Variate Statistical Package) version 3.22. The results of the study obtained 39 accessions of cassava which showed different morphological characteristics. The lowest morphological similarity (0.735) was found in Group I only consisted of 2 acquisitions that did not have tubers, namely Red Vegetables and Green Vegetables and Group II ( Groups III and IV) have a similarity of 0.92. The highest similarity was in groups IIIa and IIIb and Groups IVa and IVb have a similarity coefficient value of 0.95. The morphological diversity of 39 accessions is a source of cassava germplasm: 37 accessions are harvested for tubers and 2 accessions areharvested explicitly for leaves as vegetables. This research was useful for the development of cassava-based food industry bioproducts
The Existence of Undergrowth at Forest Garden Stands in Grand Forest Park, Lampung Province
Get PDFThe existence of undergrowth has an important role as an ecosystem both from an ecological and economic perspective. However, the composition and diversity of undergrowth in an area depends on the land use system. This research aimed to know the species composition and diversity of undergrowth at forest garden stands. Data collection was carried out with a vegetation survey using nested rectangular plots with a sampling intensity of 1%. The data collected included undergrowth species, the number of individuals for each species, and tree species as components of forest garden stands. Data were analyzed by calculating density, frequency, important value index, and Shannon diversity index. The results showed that the undergrowth that exists under forest garden stands were 38 species dominated by 12 species, namely Acalypha australis, Asystasia gangetica, Clidemia hirta, Starchytarpeta jamaicensis, Mikania micrantha, Peperomia pellucidia, Setaria barbata, Andropogon aciculatus, Alpinia galanga, Diplazium esculentum, Paederia foetida, and Crassocephalum crepidioides. The forest garden stands were composed of 43 tree species dominated by 4 tree species, namely Durio zibethinus, Aleurites moluccana, Myristica fragrans, and Gnetum gnemon. The level of undergrowth diversity was in the medium category with an H value of 1.540, indicating the diverse of undergrowth species
(RETRACTED) Yield of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moenh Genotypes in A Plastic Mulch Planting System in Gunungkidul
No full textSorghum is a strategic commodity with good nutritional and high antioxidant content that can be used as a source of food, feed, and industrial raw materials. Sorghum is a relatively low and less intensive crop than other staple food crops. Sorghum yield can be increased by establishing plant population through a mulching planting system. The purpose of this study was to determine the yield power of several sorghum genotypes, namely three new superior varieties (Bioguma, Kawali, and Samurai) and three local varieties (Plonco, Hitam Wareng, and Ketan Merah), planted with a plastic mulch planting system. The research was conducted on farmers\u27 land in Karangmojo, Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, which is a dryland soil type. The experimental design used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 5 replications. Observation parameters included growth components and sorghum production. The results showed that sorghum planting with a mulching planting system was able to provide yields for the Bioguma variety of 7.70 tons/ha, Plonco variety of 8.41 tons/ha, Samurai variety of 5.38 tons/ha, Kawali variety of 8.21 tons/ha, Hitam Wareng variety of 3.91 tons/ha, and Ketan Merah variety of 4.00 tons/ha. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the genotypes of local varieties were able to compete with new superior varieties and had the best growth response and yield power in the rainy season planting
Spores Morphological Characteristics of Several Ophioglossaceae and Psilotaceae Fern in "Eka Karya" Botanical Garden - Bali
Get PDFFerns of Ophioglossaceae and Psilotaceae families can be found in the "Eka Karya" Botanical Garden, Bali as a collection or naturally growing in the botanical garden and those families are taxonomically classified as primitive ferns. The morphological characteristics of the family of Ophioglossaceae and Psilotaceae or even other types of ferns can be known through the morphological characteristics of the spores. This study aimed to characterize the spore morphology of the Ophioglossaceae and Psilotaceae fern of The "Eka Karya" Botanical Garden. Observation of the morphological characteristics of spores in the "Eka Karya" Botanical Garden was carried out by a simple method without acetolysis. The result of six types of fern plants from the family of Ophioglossaceae and Psilotaceae showed similarities to the spore unit, monads. Each family has unique characteristics that can be used to differentiate each other. The family Ophioglossaceae has a variety of spore colors, trilete spore types, mostly globose-shaped (except for one species the trilobate), the average polar diameter is 28.59±2.19 – 31.00±2.49 μm and the equatorial diameter is 32.85±1.74 – 37.55± 1.71 μm, the P/E ratio is 0.79-0.87, the shape based on the P/E ratio is suboblate, the spore size category is medium and has radial symmetry. For the family Psilotaceae, has a pale yellow-green spore color, monolete type, elongate-ellipsoidal shape, average polar diameter of 26.20±2.76 –29.81±2.96 μm and equatorial diameter of 52.98±2.55 – 63.31±4.65 μm, P/E ratio of 0.47-0.49, shape based on P/E ratio i.e. peroblate, large spore size category and has bilateral symmetry. Those characteristics are valuable taxonomic data that can be used as diagnostic characters for the identification of the families Ophioglossaceae and Psilotaceae