Jurnal Biodjati
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Protease and Amylase Activities of Javaen barb (Systomus rubripinnis Val.)
Get PDFStudies on morphology, growth, and reproduction have been carried out on wild Javaen barb, but there was no information on its digestive capacity; therefore, the research was conducted to determine protease and amylase activities in the digestive tract. This study used a total of 50 barbs with body weights between 13.56 -128.93g / fish. The measurement of enzyme activity was carried out using the spectrophotometer method. The results showed that differences in fish size resulted in differences in protease activity, but not for amylase. Fish with a small size have a higher protease activity than fish with a larger size. The protease activity did not differ between pH 6.9 to 10.0 but was higher than pH 12.5. Protease activity also did not vary between the anterior and posterior intestine and between 30-50°C. Amylase activity also found no difference between the anterior and posterior intestine, but there was a difference in activity between temperatures of 30-50°C. In conclusion, protease activity occurs in a neutral to alkaline environment, and there were differences in protease activity between different body sizes but not between intestinal segments. Amylase activity occurs throughout the intestine and decreases at temperatures of 50°C
Coral Covers and The Abundance of Chaetodontidae in Suaka Alam Perairan of Weh Island Aceh
Get PDFPesisir Timur Pulau Weh (PTPW) is a water natural reserve conservation area located in the eastern part of Weh Island. The condition of coral substrates in PTPW has suffered a lot of damage based on bleaching cases that have hit Sabang waters in 2016. Coral conditions can be measured by looking at the abundance of fish indicators of the Chaetodontidae group. Therefore, this study aimed to measure coral conditions and the abundance of Chaetodontidae coral fish, as well as analyze the relationship between the percentage of coral cover and the abundance of Chaetodontidae coral fish. Data of coral were collected using the Point Intercept Transect method with a length of 50 meters, while the abundance of fish used the Underwater Visual Census technique and the Belt Transect method with a length of 50 meters and a total belt width of 5 meters. The results showed that the coral conditions in PTPW were in poor to fair condition with the highest cover at The Sumur Tiga site (36.83%) and the lowest at The Ujung Kareung site (11.5%). The highest abundance of Chaetodontidae fish was found at Ujung Seuke site (1253.3 ind/ha) and the lowest was found at Anoi Itam site (186.7 ind/ha). The results of the correlation analysis between the percentage of coral cover and the abundance of Chaetodontidae coral fish showed a positive relationship (r = 0.482), but it was not significant (p>0.05), and the regression equation obtained Y = 17.16x + 166.52 with a determination coefficient of 18.3%, which indicated that the correlation between the two variables was very weak
Orchid (Orchidaceae) Inventory in Isau-Isau Wildlife Conservation Resort Area IX Lawang Agung Village, South Sumatra
Get PDFOrchidaceae is one of the plant families which occupies 7-10% of the total flowering plants in the world. Of the 25,000 species of orchids in the world, 6,000 species are found in various forests in Indonesia, including Sumatra. South Sumatra save high diversity of orchid and one of them is in Isau-Isau Wildlife Conservation. This area has various types of plants, including orchids. Diversity orchids in the area have not gotten any attention, so the data regarding orchids in the Isau-Isau Wildlife Conservation, especially in Resort Conservation Area IX Lawang Agung Village, Mulak Ulu District, Lahat Regency, South Sumatra still limited and not well documented, so that need further research to know types of orchids in the area. The research found 22 species, consisting of 21 epiphyte orchids and 1 terrestrial orchid. Many orchids were found in the secondary forest of 16 species. An endemic orchid of South Sumatra was found in this research, it is Vanda foetida. Host plants found were 11 plants, 7 can identify and 4 not can be identified
Immunomodulatory Activity of Allium sativum, Curcuma mangga, and Acorus calamus Combination Nanoparticle on Mice Leukocytes Profile
Get PDFImmunomodulators are substances acting as stimulants or suppressants against the immune system, either to specific or non-specific activity. The non-specific through the production of leukocytes as the first response in fighting against an attacking antigen. Meanwhile, the specific, hrough recognition of antigens by lymphocytes during reattack. This research aimed to determine the immunomodulatory activity of the extracts combination nanoparticles of Allium sativum, Curcuma mangga, and Acorus calamus on the leukocyte profile of mice. This study used 5 treatments and 6 repetitions. The treatment groups were K- (untreated group), P1 (extracts combination nanoparticle dose of 25 mg/kg), P2 (extracts combination nanoparticle dose of 50 mg / kg), P3 (subur kandungan herbal medicine dose of 75 mg / kg), and P4 (Clomiphene citrate dose of 0.9 mg / kgBW). The parameters used included the total number of leukocytes and their differential value. The data that met the parametric assumptions, such as normally distributed and homogeneous were examined using the One Way ANOVA test, and when there was a significant difference, it was processed with the Duncan assessment. While those that did not meet the assumptions were evaluated using a non-parametric analysis. The statistical results showed that administration of extracts combination nanoparticles of A. sativum, C. mangga, and A. calamus at doses of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg were able to suppress the inflammatory reaction by decreasing the total number of leukocytes. However, the differential leukocyte count was able to maintained or modulate immune system, indicating by the percentage of neutrophil, basophil, and eosinophil in the normal range. At a dose of 50 mg/kg, decreased the percentage of lymphocytes, while for monocytes, all dosage ranges were able to increase their number
Anti-inflammatory Activity of Bajakah Stem (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) Ethanolic Extract in Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema Mice
Get PDFBajakah tampala plant (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) has been used for traditional medicine by the Kalimantan Dayak tribe in the treatment of cancer. This study aimed to find out the potential of ethanol extract of the stem of Bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) as an anti-inflammatory agent in carrageenan-induced mice. The method used was a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of a water-treated mouse as a negative control, sodium diclofenac 30,8 mg kg-1 as a positive control, and an extract of bajakah dose 2.5; 250; 1250 mg kg-1 BW. The dose of bajakah extract was given orally one hour before carrageenan induction. The inflammation induction used the Winter method by injecting 0.15 ml of 2% carrageenan suspension into the soles of mice. The diameter of edema was measured for 210 minutes. The results showed that the diameter of the mice soles showed a significant increase in all groups after the carrageenan injection. The value of AUC (Area Under the Curve) of bajakah extract dose (2.5; 250; 1250 mg kg-1) from the 150th minute to the 210th minute did not show significant differences from one another. The sodium diclofenac as positive control gave the lowest total AUC value of 236 mm.minute, followed by bajakah extract at a dose of 2.5 mg kg-1 BW of 239.22 mm.minute. The calculation results of the percentage of the inflammation inhibition showed that the administration of ethanol extract of the stem of Bajakah, Spatholobus littoralis, at the lowest dose of 2.5 mg kg-1 BW provide the best inflammation inhibition with 19.21% inhibitory value, nearly approaching the positive control of diclofenac sodium with an inhibitory value of 21.53%
Soil Carbon in The Bone Bay Mangrove Ecosystem, Palopo City
Get PDFThe mangrove ecosystem is one of the many ecosystems found along tropical beaches that have a function as a buffer area between land and sea and produce organic matter. There are several factors that influence the spread of mangrove plants, namely the physical factor of the soil. This study aimed to determine the soil carbon content in the mangrove ecosystem in the village of Temmalebba, South Sulawesi. The data collected in the form of bulk density (BD), organic matter (BO) and percent C for analysis of carbon content was obtained from the analysis of soil samples taken from 10 points with 3 replications for composite samples. The sampling point was determined based on the growth and density of mangroves. Furthermore, the data was analyzed using the organic C equation and carbon content. The results showed that the highest bulk density was found at a depth of 60–100 cm with a value of 1.28 g/cm3. The highest percent of organic matter content found at a depth of 0-30 cm with a value of 9.18%. The highest soil carbon content found at a depth of 60–100 cm with a value of 225.38 (MgC ha-1). Soil carbon content in the mangrove ecosystem of Bone Bay, Temmalebba village is strongly influenced by several factors, including soil depth, bulk density, organic matter, and soil texture.Â
Effect of Nitrogen Source on Growth Endophytic Yeast from Salacca edulis Reinw. and Bread Quality Analysis
Get PDFeast biomass is often used in the fermentation of bread dough. Dough fermentation can be maximized by adding a nitrogen source. This study used yeast isolates from salak pondoh (YIS-3, YIS-4, and YIS-7). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nitrogen addition on yeast growth and bread quality. This study used an experimental approach. The results of the growth study showed that all isolates treated with 0.05% urea produced higher biomass and cell counts than those treated with control. The highest biomass was produced by YIS-7, which was 3.81 g/300mL, while the highest number of cells was produced by YIS-3, which was 29.02x106 cells/mL. The percentage of proofing results showed that all yeast isolates treated with 0.05% urea needed a longer time to achieve the highest proofing. However, the volume of bread after baking showed better results than those treated with control. The largest volume of bread produced by YIS-3, was 972.14 cm3. The results of the organoleptic test showed that P<5%, which means that all treatments had a significant effect on the taste, aroma, color, and texture of the bread. Overall, the panelists gave good acceptance of the bread fermented by YIS-3 with 0.05% urea treatment. So it can be concluded that the addition of urea with a concentration of 0.05% in YIS-3 gave the best effect on the yeast growth and bread quality
Anticancer Potency of Dimethyl 2-(2-Hydroxy-2-Methoxypropilidine) Malonate in Kombucha
Get PDFKombucha has an anticancer potency because it has dimethyl 2-(2-hydroxy-2-methoxypropilidine) malonate compound. The research aimed to verify the compound dimethyl 2-(2-hydroxy-2-methoxypropilidine) malonate as an anticancer with the in-silico method, namely the molecular docking approach, drug likeness profile, and ADMET test. The tools used were the PyRx, Discovery Studio Visualizer, Sanjeevini, and pkCSM. The research material consisted of 3D Dimethyl 2-(2-Hydroxy-2-Methoxypropilidine) Malonate and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). The analysis showed Dimethyl 2-(2-Hydroxy-2-Methoxypropilidine) Malonate is safe for consumption and can suppress cancer cells.Â
Feeding Behavior and Preferences of Hemiplecta humphreysiana and Lissachatina fulica (Gastropoda) to Support Heliciculture in Indonesia
Get PDFThe trend of Heliciculture for human consumption, animal feed, medicine, and neutricosmeceutical is rising globally. To gain a better knowledge on the Heliciculture of Indonesian land snails, we studied the daily activity with a focus on feeding behavior and the feed preference of two land snail species Hemiplecta humphreysiana (HH) and Lissachatina fulica (LF). The two species were selected because of their abundancein nature, as well as to compare behavior and preference between native (HH) and invasive (LF) species. Three days of daily activity observation was conducted by using a scan animal sampling method with 5 minutes intervals towards three individuals of HH and LF. The experiment on feeding preference was conducted towards ten individuals per species in 28 days of observation (14 days each for vegetables and fruits). Each individual was placed in different rearing boxes. A multiple-choice test method was applied and consisted of two treatments i.e. vegetable treatment (pakcoy, chicory, lettuce, cabbage) and fruit treatments (mango, cucumber, melon, papaya). The nutritional value from the observed feed was also analyzed. Based on the total of 51,840 minutes of observation records, both species were generally active from 21.00-03.00. HH was more active in moving when given vegetable treatment. The species preferred to feed on cucumber, melon, lettuce, and pakcoy. LF was more active in moving and feeding when treated with fruits. The species is more adaptive when given new feed and likes all four fruits, but preferred lettuce in the vegetable treatment. Both species prefer to feed with relatively high protein, high fiber, and moderate total carbohydrate content. Providing the right feed and at the right time can support the effectiveness of Heliciculture
Effects of Passiflora foetida on the Number of Purkinje Cells in the Cerebellum of Albino Rats
Get PDF Permot (Passiflora foetida) is one type of plant that has been used as a mosquito coil. Besides being effective at killing Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, mosquito coils made from permot leaf extract are also effective at killing German cockroaches and house flies. Until now there have been no reports stating the side effects of using permot leaf extract in humans. This study was designed to demonstrate the harmful side effects of inhalation of smoked mosquito coils made from permot leaf extract on the cerebellar cortex of adult male rats. Thirty-five adult male rats were used in this study. Rats were divided into 7 groups, namely group 1 as a negative control (without exposure), group 2 as a positive control (transfluthrin exposure 3000 ppm), groups 3 to 7 were treatment groups of permot leaf extract with graded doses (500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 3000 ppm, and 4000 ppm), and was treated for 12 weeks. All rats were sacrificed in a timely manner and cerebellar specimens were taken, prepared and observed using a light microscope. Previously, rats were weighed periodically to determine the effect of toxicity. The results showed that exposure to mosquito coil smoke made from 3000 ppm Transflutrin and 4000 ppm permot leaf extract caused weight loss in rats. Likewise on the weight of the rat cerebellum. The effect of decreasing the number of Purkinje cells also occurred in the group exposed to mosquito coils made from Transflutrin 3000 ppm and permot leaf extract 4000 ppm. Therefore, the safe and effective dose of mosquito coils made from permot leaves is less than 4000 ppm, because exposure to doses of more than 4000 ppm can cause degenerative changes in the cerebellar cortex