Jurnal Biodjati
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Identification Morphology of Bamboo, and Traditional Use in Gorontalo
Get PDFBamboo is a versatile plant that has many benefits in the lives of the people of Gorontalo. This research aims to provide taxonomic information on bamboo species in Gorontalo Province, including variations in morphological characters and phenetic relationships of bamboo, as well as information on the traditional use of bamboo. The method used in this research is exploration and interviews. Exploration was carried out to collect information on bamboo taxonomy, while interviews were conducted to find out the use of bamboo by the Gorontalo Community. The research data obtained was then analyzed descriptively to describe and interpret data on morphological variations, phenetic relationships and traditional benefits of the various types of bamboo obtained. Based on the research results, it was obtained that 13 types of bamboo are distributed in Gorontalo which show the unique morphological variations of the varieties which are divided into four genera, namely the genus Gigantochloa has distinctive morphological characteristics on the waxy surface of the stem, the Bambusa genus with characteristic shiny, smooth stems, the Dendrocalamus genus has the largest diameter and stem wall thickness, the genus Schizostachyum has the same morphological characteristics of stem segments and branch lengths. Based on the analysis of phenetic relationships, two main clusters were formed with a similarity value of 61.2%. In terms of traditional uses, it was recorded in this research that most bamboo is used as building construction materials, food sources, traditional medicine, materials for traditional ceremonies, handicrafts, and ornamental plants, as a tool designedto help people\u27s livelihoods and ecological functions. This research also provides the first record of the morphological characteristics and use of each type of bamboo in Gorontalo which can be used for future bamboo breeding and conservation projects
Effect of Chitosan-Coated Centella asiatica Nanoparticles on Kidney Histology Profile of Complicated Diabetic Mice
Get PDFGotu kola (Centella asiatica) is a medicinal plant that has potential as an antioxidant and antidiabetic. Its compound is able to protect against diabetic nephropathy through the inhibition of oxidative stress. In terms of increasing drug potency and bioavailability of C. asiatica compounds, nanoparticle technology was used. This study aimed to determine the effect of C. asiatica nanoparticles coated with chitosan on the renal histology profile of complicated diabetic mice using a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatment groups and five replications. The treatment groups were divided into K- (the experimental animals were not given any treatment), K+ (the experimental animals were induced by STZ), P1 (STZ + C. asiatica nanoparticles 120 mg/kgBW), P2 (STZ + C. asiatica nanoparticles 180 mg/kgBW), P3 (STZ + C. asiatica nanoparticles 240 mg/kgBW). The experimental animal model of complicated diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal STZ at a dose of 40 mg/kgBW for two days and STZ at a dose of 60 mg/kgBW for three days and then left for nine days. The C. asiatica nanoparticle therapy was given for 28 days. The parameters in this study were the results of scoring cell damage in the glomerular and tubular tissues (proximal and distal) of the kidney. The data obtained were tested for normality and homogeneity, then the normal and homogeneous data were tested with one-way ANOVA and further tested with Duncan\u27s test. The statistical analysis results showed that C. asiatica coated with chitosan nanoparticles could reduce the damage to the histological profile of the glomerulus and tubules (proximal and distal) of the kidney of diabetic mice. C. asiatica-coated nanoparticles at a dose of 240 mg/kgBW showed the most optimal reduction in damage to the glomerular and tubular histology profiles
Gastropods on Marine Debris at Mangrove Ecosystem
Get PDFThe mangrove ecosystem is one of the accumulation areas for various marine debris including plastic and also the habitat for gastropods. This condition allows direct contact between gastropods and debris which can be an entranceway for contamination in biota. This study aimed to know the species of gastropods in the marine debris in the Bulaksetra mangrove ecosystem in Pangandaran. The method used was stratified random sampling with a transect line of 100 m. Gastropods and debris in the 1 m x 1 m square in the 10 m x 10 m plot were collected, identified, counted, and determined in composition. There were 22 types of marine debris in the Bulaksetra mangrove ecosystem which were dominated by plastic. 16 species of gastropods were found in the area around the debris and 15 species were found attached to the debris. Gastropods can be found on the top, middle, or bottom surfaces of plastic waste. Faunus ater and Terebralia palustris dominate in the surrounding area and the debris. Treefauna gastropods utilize stuck debris to move from one part to another part of the tree. Plastic waste has become part of the mangrove habitat and there are interactions with gastropods that use it as a living medium
Leaf Anatomy Profile of Begonia Section Platycentrum Sphenanthera Group From Java and Sumatera, Indonesia
Get PDFAnatomical studies have been used in the classification and identification of Begonia species. However, the research on Indonesian native Begonia is still limited. This study focused to evaluate the importance of leaves’ anatomy character for the identification and classification purpose of the Sphenanthera group in Java and Sumatra. A total of six individuals of four Begonia species used in this study, namely Begonia multangula, B. longifolia, B. pseudoscottii, and B. robusta. This study aimed to describe the anatomical characters of the leaves that are useful in the identification and grouping of Begonia section Platycentrum–Sphenanthera. The anatomical preparations used the paraffin method for the cross-section of leaves and the semi-permanent method for paradermal observations. In general, the epidermal cells of paradermal Begonia leaves are polygonal in shape. Consistently, Begonias have single-type stomata with an anisocytic type which are only present on the abaxial leaves. Begonia Sphenanthera group has a thin cuticle (less than 2 µm), both in the abaxial and adaxial surfaces. The lower epidermis cells are smaller than the upper epidermis cells. The mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy tissue. The number and form of mesophyll tissue are varied, therefore useful for diagnosing an important character in the grouping of Begonias from this section
Pteridophytes Diversity and Distribution Along The Elevational Gradient of Mount Penanggungan\u27s Hiking Trail, East Java, Indonesia
Get PDFPteridophytes (ferns) are a fundamental element of tropical rainforests, which provide excellent microhabitats for their development. In addition, the sensitivity of pteridophytes to shifts in microclimate and anthropogenic disturbances makes them excellent environmental bioindicators. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity and distribution of pteridophytes along the elevational gradient of two well-known hiking trails of Mount Penanggungan, East Java, Indonesia. Using a 10x10 m2 plot and transect line, we examined the composition, species diversity using Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H\u27), relative abundance, and distribution pattern using Morisita index of dispersion (Id) of ferns along an elevational gradient (700–1500 m above sea level) on the hiking trails of Mount Penanggungan, i.e., Tamiajeng and Kunjorowesi. As many as 14 species from 7 families living in both terrestrial and arboreal types were identified. Species composition along the elevation gradient revealed a pattern of predominating species. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H\u27) indicated a moderate level of diversity, where many pteridophytes species are found on the altitude gradient between (700-900 m dpl), and the Morisita index of dispersion (Id) indicated a clustered distribution pattern for most of the species. This pattern of diversity and distribution can be explained by changes in biotic and abiotic factors
Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity Water and Ethanol Extracts of Sungkai Leaves (Peronema canescens Jack)
Get PDFSungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) is a plant that has phenolic content as an antioxidant that can enhance the immune system (immunomodulator). This study aimed to determine the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Sungkai leaves (Peronema canescens Jack). The method of antioxidant with invitro using of the DPPH where the ability of a compound to inhibit DPPH radicals is calculated from the absorbance value using UV-Vis spectroscopy. And Determination of total phenolic content was carried out using UV VIS spectroscopy at a wavelength of 745 nm with the help of Folin Ciocalteu reagentand a nd gallic acid standard curve . The test results showed that the water and ethanol extracts with a concentration of 0.1% had a phenolic content of 0.002% and 0.007%, their antioxidant activity (IC50) with a concentration of 0.02; 0.04; 0.06; 0.08; and 0.1% in the water and ethanol extracts of Sungkai leaves have values of 0.025% and 0.03% respectively. Therefore the best antioxidant activity (IC50) was extracts ethanol of sungkai leaves with phenolic content of 0.007% and IC50 of 0.03%
Genetic Characteristics of Chloropsis cochinchinensis Gmelin, 1789 Based on The Mitochondrial DNA COI Gene
Get PDFThe rate of illegal poaching of blue-winged leafbirds (Chloropsis cochinchinensis) throughout Indonesia, particularly Bengkulu, is quite high. However, only minimal molecular information is available for this species. We performed mtDNA COI gene sequencing to explore genetic characters (conservative site, variable site, parsimony site, and singleton site) of blue-winged leafbirds. Using Qiagen\u27s DNeasy® Blood and Tissue Kit based on the Spin-Column Protocol, total DNA was isolated, and PCR amplification methods were performed. DNA derived from a PCR reaction was forwarded to PT. First Base Malaysia for sequencing. Using MEGA 10.0 and BIOEDIT, the COI gene nucleotide sequence data were assembled, edited, and analyzed to explore of single nucleotide polymorphism, genetic distance, and phylogeny. The 616 bp COI genes contained 566 conservative sites (C), 50 variation sites (V), 24 information parsimony sites (Pi), and 26 singleton sites (S), as indicated by the results. The greatest nucleotide base composition was cytosine (34.1–34.9%), while the lowest was guanine (15.7–16.2%). The proportion of adenine-thymine nucleotide base pairs was greater than that of guanine-cytosine (50.3%). There were 26 barcode-specific mutation sites, 17 transition substitution mutation sites, and 9 transverse substitution mutation sites. The average genetic distance between C. cochinchinensis individuals was 2.2%, but the average genetic difference between species was 9.0%. All C. cochinchinensis individuals in our sample clustered within the same clade and were distinguished from other species within the same genus. The COI gene sequences of C. cochinchinensis that we acquired are novel and can be utilized for molecular identification of the species
Detection of Plantaricin-Encoding Gene and Its Partial Purification in Lactobacillus plantarum BP102
Get PDFLactobacillus plantarum BP102 isolated from garlic bulb tissue has probiotic properties, including producing bacteriocin called plantaricin. This study aimed to detect the gene encoding bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum BP102, and to evaluate the bacteriocin activity at each stage of partial purification. After the end of the log phase of L. plantarum BP102 was determined, and the bacteriocin-encoding genes were checked by PCR technique. Partial purification of bacteriocin was elucidated including pH-neutralized cell-free-supernatant (CFS), precipitation using 80% of ammonium sulfate, and dialysis (cut-off 10 kDa), then the bacteriocin activity in every partial purification stage was evaluated. The molecular weight of plantaricin was estimated using SDS-PAGE analysis. Lactobacillus plantarum BP102 harbored the gene encoding plantaricin (pln) biosynthesis, namely plnEF and plnK genes. The activity of crude bacteriocin was inactivated by the presence of proteinase-K enzyme. The protein concentration was gradually decreased along with the purification process. The bacteriocin activity was demonstrated at each step of the purification process (CFS, precipitation, and dialysis) against Bacillus cereus by 9.23 ± 0.20 mm, 7.86 ± 0.15 mm, and 7.6 ± 0.10 mm, respectively; while, Escherichia coli by 10.3 ± 0.55 mm, 7.4 ± 0.1 mm, and 6.86 ± 0.45, respectively. The molecular weight of partially purified bacteriocin BP102 was found to be approximately 15.9 kDa. The overlaid part of the gel showed a slight inhibition against E. coli due to a low protein concentration. This bacteriocin purification process should be further optimized to improve the bacteriocin activity that could be useful for food preservation
Diet and Dietary Habits of The Mystus gulio from The Cianjur Estuaries, Indonesia
Get PDFFood and feeding habits are important things in bioecological of fish. This study provides an understanding of the feeding habits and intensity of the M. gulio, by analyzing its food composition, relative gut length (RGL) and gastro-somatic index (GaSI). Fish specimens were caught with a gill net and fishing rod in an area of Cianjur estuaries during a period of one year from October 2021 to September 2022. The analysis of 452 fish samples shows that the relative gut length (RGL) values revealed the feeding habit of M. gulio as carni-omnivorous. The GaSI value was used to determine feeding intensity and was found to be highest in November, at Cidamar estuary, and in the second size group (7.1-10 cm). These results provide new knowledge on this fish species’ feeding habit and intensity, which also helps understand the fish adaptation and conservation in the study area
The Relationship of Sweet Potato Germplasm Based on Morphological Characters
Get PDFInformation about the morphological and genetic characteristics of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is important in the variety development program. This experiment aimed to determine the diversity and genetic relationship of sweet potato accessions from NTT based on morphological character data. The research was carried out at Kendalpayak Research Station, Malang, East Java from April - September 2019. The materials used were seventy-one sweet potato germplasm from the ILETRI collection (collected from NTT). Each accession was planted on a 1 m × 5 m plot size, with a spacing of 100 × 20 cm (single row). Fertilization was carried out using a dose of “100 kg urea + 100 kg SP36 + 200 kg KCl ha-1â€. The observed characters were the vines length, growth type, internode length, leaf length, leaf width, leaf size, leaf bone color, leaf shape, leaf characteristics, lobes number, lobe shape, mature leaf color, shoot color, pigmentation of petiole, young stems pigmentation (dominant and secondary color), young leaves feathers, tuber skin color, tuber flesh color, weight of canopy, number of tubers perplot, weight of tubers perplot, number and weight of tubers perplot. Cluster analysis was carried out using the Minitab 17 program. There was morphological diversity in seventy-one accessions of sweet potato germplasm from NTT. Principal component analysis resulted in seven main components with the proportion of diversity 76.3%. cluster analysis, seventy-one accessions of sweet potato germplasm were divided into fifteen accession groups on the basis of 80% degree. Characteristics of shoot color, mature leaf color, leaf size, petiole pigmentation, and leaf bone color contributed greatly to the total diversity