Jurnal Biodjati
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Odonata Diversity at Sumber Clangap and Sumber Mangli Puncu Village Sub District of Puncu District of Kediri
Get PDF Sumber Clangap and Sumber Mangli are geographically located at the Mount Kelud steeps. Administratively located at Puncu Village, Puncu Sub-district and District of Kediri. They provided hab-itat for the flora than fauna especially Odonata that never been stud-ied before. We aimed to study Odonata diversity at Sumber Clangap and Sumber Mangli area. The method used in this study was natural snapshot experiment that conducted by Odonata monitoring. Micro-climate parameter including air temperature and humidity were not-ed. Odonata activity and behavior noted for analysis. Collected data were analyzed using Shannon-Wiener heterogeneity index. The results showed that there were 17 species from the whole location. There was Euphaea variegata, Vestalis luctuosa, Rhinocypha anisoptera, Peric-nemis stictica, Pseudagrion pruinosum, Coeliccia membranipes, Gy-nacantha subinterrupta, Idionyx montana, Paragomphus reinwardtii, Heliogomphus drescheri, Neurothemis fluctuans, Orthetrum glau-cum, Orthetrum pruinosum, Orthetrum sabina, Pantala flavescens, Trithemis festiva and Zygonyx ida. Based on the Shannon-Wiener heterogeneity index the value, Sumber Clangap had heterogeneity in-dex higher (H’=1,97) than Sumber Mangli (H’=1,39). Sumber Man-gli has a Java endemic species Paragomphus reinwardtii and Rhi-nocypha anisoptera that is spread only at Sumatera and East Java.Â
Non-Destructive Classification of Fruits Based on Vis-nir Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis
Get PDFFruits are one of the sources of nutrition needed for health. Fruit quality is generally assessed by physical and chemical properties. Measurement of fruit internal quality is usually done by destructive techniques. Ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spec-troscopy is a non-destructive technique to measure fruit quality. This technique can rapidly measure the fruit quality, the measured fruit still remains intact, and can be marketed. Besides, UV-Vis-NIR spectrosco-py can also be used to classify fruits. The study aimed to classify var-ious types of fruits using UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy with wavelengths of 300-1041 nm and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). First de-rivative savitzky-golay with 9 smoothing points (dg1) and multiplica-tive scatter correction (MSC) were applied to correct the spectra. The results showed that the use of uv-vis-nir spectroscopy and PCA com-bined with spectra pre-treatment of the MSC method were able to clas-sify various types of fruits with 100% success rate in all fruit samples including sapodilla, ridge gourd, mango, guava, apple and zucchini.Â
Growth Rate and Capsaicin Level of Curly Red Chili (Capsicum annum L.) on Biofertilizer and Biogas Sludge Application
Get PDFCurly red chili (Capsicum annum L.) is widely cultivated us-ing inorganic fertilizers which causes high production costs. Chili is valued because of the level of spiciness. The level of spiciness of chili is determined by the level of capsaicin which is affected by nutrients in the growing media. The nutrient of the planting media can be fulfilled by degrading the growing media by microbes in organic fertilizer. One type of organic fertilizer containing degrading microbes is biofertiliz-er. Biofertilizer and biogas sludge is one of the organic fertilizers con-taining microbes and organic materials that are able to support nutri-ent levels of the planting medium. This study aimed to analyze growth parameters include chlorophyll content and measure capsaicin levels in curly red chili. Which given biofertilizer and biogas sludge in vari-ous dosage and determine the optimum dose of the fertilizer. The study was conducted at an agricultural demonstration plot in Wukirsari Vil-lage, Cangkringan, Sleman. The study design used RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design), the data were analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance followed by Duncan’s Multiple Distance Test (DMRT) at the 95% confidence level. The highest growth parameters and capsa-icin content were obtained on curly red chili plants which were given biogas sludge 36 mL + biofertilizer 10 L / ha. The application of bi-ofertilizer and biogas sludge in various concentrations given has not been able to increase the average total chlorophyll content of curly red chili plants. Thus, it can be concluded that the most appropriate dose of curly red chili is 36 mL biogas sludge + 10 L bio fertilizer/h
Immunoinformatics Study on Early 4 Protein of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 for Cervical Cancer Vaccine Peptide Candidate
Get PDFÂ The aims of this study were to carry out testing of the early 4 protein of type 16 HPV through immunoinformatics meth-ods in an effort to get the peptide vaccine candidate for cervical cancer. The software used are IEDB-AR, CABSdock and Accelrys Discovery Study 4.5. Based on the analysis that sequence of ami-no acid lysine, leucine, leucine, glycine, serine, threonine, tryp-tophan, proline and threonine (KLLGSTWPT) and the sequence of amino acid tyrosine, tyrosine, valine, leucine, histidine, leucine, cysteine, leucine, alanine, alanine, threonine, lysine, tyrosine, pro-line and leucine (YYVLHLCLAATKYPL) are peptide vaccine can-didate for cervical cancer from the early 4 protein of HPV type 16Â
The Fish Fauna in Lakitan River, Musi Rawas Regency, South Sumatra
Get PDF  Fish diversity in the Lakitan River is not well recorded, even though the data is important to add information about the diversity of freshwater fish in Indonesia. This study aims to study fish composition and ecological index in the Lakitan River. The study was conducted in the Lakitan River, Musi Rawas Regency, South Sumatra Province. The method used was the survey method. The direct sampling was done at 5 stations, the numbering of stations followed the direction of the river from upstream to downstream. The data at each station are tabulated based on species, family and order. Data analysis in-cludes a diversity index, evenness index, dominance index, and sim-ilarity index. The fish caught during the study were 418 individuals, which were identified into 20 species and 11 families. Barbonymus gonionotus is the most captured species in the Lakitan River. Cypri-nidae is the most captured family (9 species). The highest diversity index was found at station 5, with the number of fish collected was 16 species. The evenness index at 5 stations showed the equivalent species distribution and stable communities. The domination index at 5 stations were at, low category. The similarity index between sta-tions in Lakitan River which ranging from 0.65 – 0.97. These results indicate that fish diversity in the Lakitan River medium biodiversity.Â
Polyurethane Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Decayed Teak Wood (Tectona grandis Linn. f.)
Get PDFPolyurethane is a class of polymers characterized by their substantial tensile strength and high melting points which enables them to be extremely durable. Despite its xenobiotic origin, polyure-thane has been found susceptible to biodegradation by microorgan-isms. The main object of this research was to investigate polyurethane degradation by the bacterium isolated from decayed teak wood (Tec-tona grandis Linn. f.). Polyurethane degrading bacteria were isolated using selective medium in the form of LB (Luria Bertani) with the ad-dition of 0.3% Impranil. Bacterial biodegradation activities shown by the changes of polyurethane structure analyzed by FT-IR spectrosco-py. The bacterial identification was carried out based on observations on the morphological characteristics of the colonies, cell morphology and sequences of 16S rRNA encoding genes. One of the potential iso-late that successfully isolated was K9, which demonstrates the disap-pearance of the 1735/cm peak of the characteristic function urethane in the FT-IR analysis. Analysis of the 16S rRNA encoding gene showed that the potential isolate having 98% similarity index to Bacillus safen-sis strain FO-36b. The activity shown by the isolate suggests that the bacteria could be a promising agent for polyurethane degradation.Â
Potential and Challenges on Amphibians and Reptiles Research in West Java
Get PDF West Java Province has the largest population amongst others in Java, and therefore land conversion rate in the region is increasing. Approximately 40% of forest areas in West Java has been converted between 1990–2015. As a consequence, the number of biÂodiversity in the region is decreasing, including amphibians and repÂtiles. These groups play an important role in the food chain of an ecosystem, and are very sensitive to environmental changes. HowÂever, comprehensive research on amphibian and reptile species in West Java is suboptimal. Visual Encounter Survey has performed in seven districts in West Java for one month and has recorded 26 amphibian species and 27 reptile species. These species were inÂcluding Javan endemic species (for example: Fejervarya iskandari, Huia masonii, Limnonectes microdiscus, Megophrys montana, and Microhyla achatina), introduced species (Calotes versicolor), and species with a new distribution record (Leptophryne borbonica and Kalophrynus minusculus). In addition, cryptic species (Genus LepÂtophryne and Cyrtodactylus), which are interesting for further studÂies, were observed. This study has demonstrated that the potential of a comprehensive study of amphibian and reptile species in West Java is great. Apart from this, conserving the biodiversity in the region also challenging due to the high rate in land conversio
Effect of Water Temperature to Survival and Development of Larvae of Two Local Aedes Aegypti Strains
Get PDF  Global warming has been reported in last decades. Chang-es in average Earth’s temperature may affect the physiology of many insect species, especially the ones which act as a human disease vec-tor, like Aedes aegypti. In this study, the effect of increasing water temperature on physiological components related to development period, sex ratio, and body size of two distinctively strains, VCRU (Vector Control Research Unit) and Pangandaran. Thirty larvae of each strain kept inside distilled water with the temperature of 25°C, 27°C, 30°C, 33°C, 35°C, 40°C which replicated three times. Observa-tions were conducted until all larvae metamorphed into adults or all larvae dead. Development rate and time were analyzed by frequency dependent mean. The result showed that the optimum temperature for larvae development of VCRU strain was 27-30°C with a survival rate of 84% while it was 30°C for Pangandaran strain, with the surviv-al rate of 83%. Larvae of both strains showed 100% mortality rate when kept inside a container with water temperature exceed 33°C. Both strains showed the highest and the lowest male:female ratio at similar water temperature which were 33°C and 30°C, respec-tivelly. Highest and lowest ratio of VCRU was 1.25 and 0.6, respec-tively, while it was 1.4 and 0.6 for Pangandaran. In general, larvae lived in increasing water temperature showed reducing wing width.Â
The Capability of Consortium Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and IAA Producing Fungi on Promoting Elephant Grass Growth
Get PDFÂ Phosphorus compound in the critical land is relatively low that caused phosphorus is bonded to metals. The isolate BRC-AP and BRC-AK are a phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) indigenous critical land that has the ability to dissolve phosphate. The used of phosphate solubilizing bacteria are able to improve plant growth on critical lands. The aimed of this study was to measure the growth rate of shoot length, root length and biomass of root, and leaf cuttings elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. King Grass) which inocu-lated with the consortium of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and IAA producing mold. Phosphate dissolving activity is determined by the formation of clear zone in solid Pikovskaya medium, synergism assay between bacteria and fungi observed on SDA medium then proceed testing the ability of bacteria and fungi consortium to promote plant growth. The result showed that the highest of phosphate solubility in-dex was found in isolate BRC-AP (27), addition of the combination of isolate BRC-AP, BRC-AK and Humicola sp. R.Dn have significant effect on shoot growth in the first week and leaf dry weight. The high-est length shoot of cutting elephant grass was found in treatment with the consortium of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and IAA producing mold (BRC-AP + BRC-AK + KP) (58.66 cm). The highest of leaf dry weight was found in treatment with BRC-AP + BRC-AK + KP (5.65 gr). The addition of consortium phosphate solubilizing bacteria and IAA producing fungi from South Kalimantan critical land proved can improve plant growth especially length shoot and leaf dry weight
Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Acorus calamus L. Extracts
Get PDFÂ Â Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are among the most common species of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, which cause vaginitis, in infertile women. The Calamus rhizome (Acorus calamus L.) is an Indonesian plant that has antibacterial properties that can be used to treat vaginitis and increase fertility. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical and antibacterial activity of the calamus rhizoma in polar, semi-polar and non-polar solvents in the growth of S. aureus and E. coli. The antibacterial activity test was in the form of inhibitory test using the Kirby-Bauer, Minimum Inhibi-tion Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) by microdilution method with multilevel dilution (concentra-tions 50; 25; 12.5; 6.25; 3.13; 1.56; 0.78; and 0.39%). The screening results showed that ethanol and n-hexane extract contained alkaloids and triterpenoids, while chloroform extract was only triterpenoid. Chloroform extract produced the largest inhibition zone diameter of S. aureus and E. coli (7.26 and 3.28 mm), followed by ethanol extract (5.90 and 3.07 mm) and n-hexane extract (5.33 and 2.95 mm). The concentrations of 0.39 and 0.78% were the values of MIC and MBC for all three extracts, indicating that the extract of the calamus rhizome with several solvents in this study had the same antibacterial activity.Â