Jurnal Biodjati
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The Effect of The Partial Solar Eclipse on Behavior of Three Species of Ardeidae In Rancabayawak Bandung
Get PDFThe natural occurrence of solar eclipses can cause various impact on bird species. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the partial solar eclipses on changes in behavior of three species of Ardeidae in the Rancabayawak, Gedebage, Bandung, West Java. The research method used was qualitative which direct observation sampling technique was applied.  The results of study showed that three bird species of Ardeidae namely Javan Pond-Heron (Ardeola speciosa Horsfield 1821), Buffalo Egret (Bubulcus ibis Linnaeus 1758, and small egrets (Egretta garzetta Linnaeus 1766) with total population 566 individuals were recorded in the resting and breeding place of bamboo trees and surrounding area of Rancabayawak during the partial solar eclipse.The behavior of these tree bird species, including sound of chicks, sunbathing, preening the feather, and flying of individual adults went out the resting and breeding place of bamboo trees observed tend to be normal before occurring the partial solar eclipse. During the partial solar eclipse, however, the sound of the chick stopped for a second. Some individual adult birds stopped involve in preening their feather. While, some adult individual birds were flying go back to the nest of bamboo trees that may be assumed it has already late afternoon due to dark of sun shine. Implication of this research have been considered to be very important for contributing the scientific knowledge on bird behavior changes caused by natural phenomena of the partial solar eclipse.Â
Amphibians Diversity in Sulap Hill and Watervang Dam, Lubuklinggau
Get PDFSulap Hill and Watervang Dam are located in the central of the city of Lubuklinggau, South Sumatra Province, which has a variety of organisms, including amphibians. This study aimed to determine the diversity of amphibian species in the area of  Sulap Hill and Watervang Dam Lubuklinggau City. This research was conducted from June to August 2018. Data collection was an exploration method-combined visual encounter survey (VES). The samples obtained were identified at the Biology Education Laboratory, STKIP PGRI Lubuklinggau. Data analysis included species composition, diversity index, and Evenness index, and conservation status. The results of the study found 5 families, consist of 11 species: Duttaphyrnus melanotictus, Ingerophrynus divergens, Phrynoidis asper, Fejervarya cancrivora, Fejervarya limnocharis, Limnonectes kuhlii, Limnonectes macrodon, Limnonectes paramacrodon, Polypedates leucomystax, Hylarana erythraea, Ichthyophis sumatranus. The results of the data analysis showed that the amphibian diversity index in the Sulap hill (1.55) and Watervang dam (1.84) was categorized as low. The Evenness index in Sulap Hill (0.86) and Watervang Dam (0.88) was categorized as a high uniformity and stable community. Based on data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List, 8 species have the status of Least Concern, 1 species with Vulnerable status, 1 species with Near-threatened status and 1 species with data deficient status
Protease, Lipase and Amylase Activities in Barred Loach, Nemacheilus Fasciatus C.V.
Get PDFBarred loach is wild fish in which there is no information related to its enzymatic digestive capacity yet. Therefore research on this subject needs to be conducted.  The spectrophotometry method was used to study protease, lipase, and amylase activities in barred loach. The study used 89 fish with an average weight of 3.61 ± 0.26g, and 1.68 ± 0.21g.  The results showed that pH 7.0 was the highest protease activity. Similarly, lipase activity found  between pH 7.0 and pH 8.1. Still, the amylase activity found to be high at pH 8.1. Protease activity also found to be high in the posterior intestine than in the hepato-pancreas and anterior intestine. Lipase and amylase activities did not found differences between hepato-pancreas, anterior intestine, and posterior intestine. In conclusion, the protease, lipase, and amylase activities of barred loach found along the gastrointestinal tract in both large and small fish, which shows that barred loach can digest protein, fat, and carbohydrates in diets better
Potency of Papaya Seed Powder (Carica papaya L.) as Chicken Meat and Shrimp Preservative
Get PDF Chicken meat and shrimp are perishable food materials. Giving natural preservatives is one way to extend the storage time of food. This study aimed to know the potential of papaya seed powder varieties of ‘Bangkok’ and ‘California’ as preservatives. The sample consisted of two varieties of papaya seed powder with concentrations of 2,4,6 and 8 g. Storage time for chicken meat and shrimp was the third days. Parameters measured were total bacterial colonies, pH va-lues, and organoleptic characteristics (color, aroma and texture) of fresh chicken meat and shrimp. The result showed papaya seed pow-der influences the quality of chicken meat and shrimp. fresh chicken meat and shrimp with papaya seed powder varieties ‘Bangkok’ and ‘California’ had a lower total bacterial colony as much as 9 x 105 until 1x106 compared to control which were 4.2 x 107 - 1.87 x 107. Organoleptic result of chicken meat and shrimp with the treatment of papaya seed powder and stored for three days continue to decrease in term of color, aroma and texture. In chicken meat, the decrease in bacterial growth was still within the limits of microorganism con-tamination quality in animal-based food. However, the same con-centrations of papaya seed powder in the shrimp have not been able to reduce bacterial growth until the limit permitted by SNI.Â
Comparative Study on Phytoplankton Community in Two Newly Dug Ponds in Institut Teknologi Sumatera
Get PDFPhytoplankton community plays an important ecological role in the aquatic ecosystems as the primary producers and forms the fundament of the aquatic food chain for supporting the water community. Thus, the phytoplankton community structure is a good indicator of water quality due to its sensitiveness to environmental stresses. Two newly dug ponds in Institut Teknologi Sumatera may give an opportunity to study the early colonizing stages of various freshwater communities including phytoplankton. The study attempted to determine the composition and abundance of phytoplankton. Samples were collected from two ponds (A and C) in the reservoir water of Institut Teknologi Sumatera. The content of Phosphorus (P), Nitrogen (N), and Chlorophyll-a (algae biomass) were determined. Phytoplankton had higher diversity in Pond C than Pond A in the study period, in which a total of seven taxa were found, namely Bacillariophycea, Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Conjugatophyceae, Dinophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Gymnodiniaceae. The most species abundance of both ponds was Peridinium sp. and Trachelomonas sp. The Pond C had the highest mean value of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The Linear mixed-effect model showed that low turbidity will result in high phytoplankton diversity. The finding of this study suggests that higher phytoplankton diversity would achieve a natural carrying capacity, and thus would serves as an indicator of ecosystem health
Total Lactic Acid, Protein, Fat, and Carbohydrates in Curd Kefir and Cow Colostrum Kefir
Get PDFThere are differences in the content of lactic acid, fat, pro-tein and carbohydrates in the curd kefir and colostrum kefir. The aims of this study were to determine the content of lactic acid, protein, fat, and carbohydrates of curd kefir and colostrum kefir based on the con-centration of starter and fermentation time. Experimental data were collected from a number of experiments at a temperature of 28°C. The method used was the experimental method of CRD 3 × 3 with 3 replications, the data were analyzed by analysis of variance. Good kefir contained high lactic acid, proteins, and carbohydrate and low in fat. The results showed curd kefir with the highest lactic acid con-tent of 1.59 % was at a starter concentration of 20% and a fermen-tation time of 72 hours (d2w3), the highest protein of 2.20% was at a starter concentration of 30% and a fermentation time of 72 hours (d3w3), the lowest fat of 1.16% found at a starter concentration of 30% and a fermentation time of 72 hours (d3w3), and the highest carbohydrate of 4.81% found at a starter concentration of 30% and a fermentation time of 72 hours (d3w3). Whereas in colostrum ke-fir with the highest lactic acid content of 2.83 % found at a starter concentration of 20% and a fermentation time of 72 hours (d2w3), the highest protein of 6.13 % was at a starter concentration of 10% and a fermentation time of 24 hours (d1w1), the lowest fat of 1.58% was at a starter concentration of 30% and fermentation time of 24 hours (d3w1) and the highest carbohydrate content of 17.91% was at a starter concentration of 30% and a fermentation time of 72 hours (d3w3). It can be concluded that the starter concentration and fer-mentation time have a significant effect (α <0.05) on lactic acid, pro-tein, fat, and carbohydrates content of curd kefir and kefir colostrum.Â
Molecular Identification of Bacillus Derived from the Common Carp Intestine and Their Antibiotics Resistance
Get PDFThe use of bacteria as a biological control agent in aquaculture is such new hope overcoming the negative impacts of the impropriate use of antibiotics. Bacillus is widely known as a potential probiotic for aquaculture, especially which are derived from aquatic biota. Due to a concern that the role of Bacillus as a probiotic agent will be disrupted by residues of antibiotics in the water, this research aimed to identify Bacillus species from common carp intestine based on the molecular method and investigate their resistance to some com-mercial antibiotics that widely used in aquaculture. Chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and metronidazole were used to determine the Bacillus resistance to antibiotics using the Kirby Bauer method. The resistance assay was carried out with a bacterial density of 108 CFU/mL. The results showed that Bacillus isolates derived from common carp  intestine were closely related and resistant to antibiotics. Isolates that resistant to the three types of antibiotics were Cc.1.9 (CgN9) and Cc.2.18 (CgM18)
Effect of Subculture Frequency Toward Growth And Carotenoid Content from Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) Callus
Get PDFTomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) are a source of carotenoids they are easy to find. These compounds function as precursors of vitamin A, antioxidant, and prevent cancer. The extraction of carotenoid compounds for commercial products usually uses fresh plants, which are less efficient and require a lot of raw materials. The supply of these raw materials can be done through tissue culture. The frequency of subculture or supply of nutrients in tissue culture is very influential on the content of callus carotenoids produced. This study aimed to determine the effect of subculture frequency on growth, development and callus carotenoid content and to find out the right frequency of subculture to produce callus with optimal growth, development and carotenoid content. The design this study was a single Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments of subculture frequency and 5 replications. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA at the 95% test level followed by DMRT in case a significant different was found The results showed subculture frequency affected growth, development and carotenoid content of callus Lycopersicon esculentum. Mill. The most optimal treatment to induce growth and production of carotenoids in this study was treatment of thrice subculture while the most optimal treatment in inducing development was the twice subculture treatment
Bamboos Diversity in Banggai Kepulauan, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Get PDFA bamboo inventory for Banggai Kepulauan has never been done. Knowledge of the islands’ floristic diversity is poor. This study explored bamboo diversity in Banggai Kepulauan, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. We conducted fieldwork from June – July 2019 on the islands of Peleng and Bakalan. Bamboo specimens were collected and deposited in Herbarium Bogoriense. We describe these specimens here. We found eight species: Bambusa tuldoides Munro, B. vulgaris Schrad. ex Wendl., Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.f.) Backer ex Heyne, Gigantochloa atter (Hassk.) Kurz, Neololeba atra (Lindl.) Widjaja, Schizostachyum brachycladum (Kurz ex Munro) Kurz, S. lima (Blanco) Merr., and Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble. Here we record information on morphology, habitat and distribution alongside photographs and an identification key to the bamboo species of Banggai Kepulauan
Distribution of Periphyton in the Upstream Section of Citarum River, West Java, Indonesia
Get PDFPeriphyton indeed plays an undeniably vital role as primary producers in the food web within aquatic ecosystems such as rivers. The existence of periphyton will affect the populations of the aquatic organisms at higher trophic level, thus it is interesting to be explored, especially in big rivers like Citarum. This study aimed to explore the distribution of periphyton, including its types and abundance at several stations in the upstream part of Citarum River based on the land use in the riverbanks, in the dry season of 2018. Samples were taken at nine stations, namely Gunung Wayang Springs, Outlet Cisanti at the valley of Mount Wayang, and the connecting tributaries as follows: Cihejo, Cibuni, Cirasea, Cikaro, Cisangkuy, Cikapundung, and Ciwidey. Samples of periphyton were taken from the substrate of stone, wood, plastic, and macrophytes at three sampling points of each station. Periphyton samples were then scraped off from the surface of the substrate, where the deposit would then be filtered using plankton net No.20, preserved with Lugol 1% and subsequently identified. The results showed there were 83 species from 58 genera of both phytoperiphyton and zooperiphyton, classified as periphyton found on the sites. The total abundance of phytoperiphyton ranged between 2.3 x 104 ind/m2 and 1.3 x 108 ind/m2 where the total abundance of zooperiphyton covered from 4.7 x 102 ind/m2 to 3.7 x 105 ind/m2. The highest and the lowest numbers of total abundance of periphyton were shown at stations of Gunung Wayang Spring and Cirasea tributary, respectively.Â