Jurnal Biodjati
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Nocturnal Coleoptera and Hemiptera Diversity at Giam Siak Kecil Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserve Indonesia
Get PDFGiam Siak Kecil Bukit Batu is a biosphere reserve which one of its functions is as a habitat for wildlife. However, biodiversity data in the Giam Siak Kecil Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserve (GSKBB-BR) is still very minimal, including insects (Coleoptera and Hemiptera). This research was conducted to determine the diversity of Coleoptera and Hemiptera in the GSKBB Biosphere Reserve, Riau, Indonesia. The research was carried out using an exploratory method using "lights trap". The results of the study found 30 species, from 11 families of the order Coleoptera (23 species) and Hemiptera (7 species) in the GSKBB-BR. The diversity index of Coleoptera and Hemiptera at the observation site was moderate (H = 2.73), with a high evenness index (0.80). Scarabaeidae (order Coleoptera) is the family with the highest number of species found (8 species), while the most abundant species were Tibicen linnei and Pomponia fusca (Cicadidae/Hemiptera). Based on their functional roles, Coleoptera and Hemiptera with the highest number are herbivores (17 species), followed by predators (7 species) and decomposers (3 species). The range of values for temperature and humidity at the research site are in normal conditions. The GSKBB-BR area is an important remaining habitat for wildlife in Riau, including various types of insects (Coleoptera and Hemiptera); whose potential still needs to be revealed, and must be managed properly
RELATIONSHIP BUTTERFLY OF DIVERSITY (ORDO LEPIDOPTERA) WITH TROPICAL PLANTS IN THE MURIA MOUNTAIN KUDUS, CENTRAL JAVA
No full textIndonesia is a megadiverse country. Butterflies become one of the Indonesian diversities. Indonesia has the second-highest butterfly species in the world with more than 2000 species. Flower plants are used by butterflies as hostplants and foodplant. The aims of this research were to know butterflies’ diversity and food plants in Mount Muria at Kudus City,  Central Java. The research used the quadran sampling transect method with three stations (along 2 km). The research was conducted in March and June 2020. The tools used were insect net, termohigrometer, lux meter, digital camera, roll meter, GPS, ja,r and identification book. Data on butterflies diversity were analyzed by Shannon-Wiener (H’), Evenness index (E), Relative Abundance (Pi), Simpson Dominance Index (D), Density (KR) Frequency (FR), and Important Value Index (IVI).  Results of the research showed that at least 40 species of six family butterflies found at Mt. Muria. Butterflies at Mt. Muria area has a medium diversity, medium evenness, and low dominance. Leptosia nina has the highest relative abundance, frequency, density and IVI (Important Value Index). Butterflies were found frequently feeding on flowers as hostplants and foodplants. 31 species of flower plants were found at Mt. Muria. The most used plant as hostplants and foodplants by butterfly is Lantana camara, and Chromolaena odorata from Verbenaceae and Asteraceae.The aims of this research is to know relationship betweef butterflies diversity and tropical flower plants in the Muria Mountain  at Kudus City of Central Java. The research use quadrat sampling transect method with three stations (along 2 km). Research was conducted in Maret and Juni 2020. The tools used insectnet, termohigrometer, luxmeter, digital camera, rollmeter, GPS, jar and identification book. Data and analyzed for research using Shannon-Wiener index diversity (H’), Evenness index (E), Relative Abundance (Pi), Simpson Dominance Index (D), Density (KR) Frequency (FR), and Important Value Index (IVI). Results of research showed that at least 40 species of 6 family butterflies at Mt. Muria. Survey results of Mt. Muria area has a middle Diversity, middle Evenness, and low dominance. Leptosia nina was the most relative abundance, frequency, density and INP highest species of butterflies. Butterflies were found frequently feeding on flower tropical plants. Two species of flower tropical plants was the most used of butterflies are Lantana camara, and Chromolaena odorata. Mt. Muria was optimal abiotic factors for butterflies habitat
Hydropriming Improves Germination and Plant Recovery During Embryo Rescue of Wild Banana Musa acuminata var. tomentosa
Get PDFWild bananas are believed to have genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stress in nature, making them potential genetic resources for creating superior varieties. Wild banana seeds, such as Musa acuminata var. tomentosa are generally difficult to germinate in vivo, so that in vitro embryo culture technique is needed. This study aimed to increase embryo germination and regeneration of wild banana M. acuminata var. tomentosa by soaking the seeds as hydropriming. The treatment comprised of soaking the seeds in sterile distilled water for four periods of time: 0 (control), 1, 4, and 7 days. A total of 45 embryos for each treatment were planted on petri dishes containing MS + 0.5 mg/L BA + 1 mg/L biotin + 1 mg/L proline. The results showed that hydropriming increased the rate of embryo germination and regeneration. Seeds soaked for 1, 4, and 7 days successfully resulted in embryo germination percentages of 87%, 62%, and 62%, respectively, while the control unsoaked seeds germinated with a lower percentage of 42%. One-day soaking treatment was the most optimal treatment to increase the rate of germination and regeneration as well as obtained the best vigor as demonstrated by the highest average height of plantlets, number of leaves, and roots than other treatments. Thus, 1-day seed hydropriming is the best treatment for embryo rescue and regeneration of wild banana M. acuminata var. tomentos
Dinochloa Scandens (Poaceae-Bambusoideae): Distribution, Habitat Preference, and Notes on Synonymy
Get PDFThe distribution of Dinochloa scandens is unclear. World bamboo checklists suggest it is relatively widespread in Malesia. Here we clarify issues with herbarium specimen identification. Besides, a synonym name of D. scandens, namely D. macrocarpa collected from the Philippines, needs to be reviewed. The study aims to provide information on distribution and to review the synonym of D. scandens. The habitat preferences of D. scandens are also presented. We carried out targeted fieldwork at Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park in West Java in 2019 and extensive examination of herbarium specimens from Herbarium Bogoriense and online portals to accurately circumscribe this species. All data were analyzed descriptively. Distribution, altitude, and rainfall maps for D. scandens were produced with ArcGIS Pro. Our examination on the specimens suggests that D. scandens is indeed endemic to West Java and Banten Provinces in Indonesia. This bamboo species can be found in lowland to mountain forests with an altitude of 20-1400 m, in areas with annual rainfall between 3000-4000 mm. We support D. macrocarpa as an accepted name for a bamboo species from the Philippines and remove it from synonymy with D. scandens due to clear differences in the fruit compared to specimens of D. scandens across its range
The Physiological Responses of Zea Mays L. and Cucumis Sativus L. on Drought Stress and Re-Watering
Get PDFDrought leads to deficit water availability and its detrimental effects seriously threaten plant growth. This study assessed the physiological, biochemical, and antioxidant adjustments in different types of photosynthetic plants between Zea mays L. (C4) and Cucumis sativus L. (C3 plant) under response to short-term drought stress. Analyses of relative water content (RWC), proline, and ascorbic acid (AsA) were performed to explore how these plants react to drought. Fifteen-day-old plants were subjected to full irrigation or gradual drought periods for 2-d, 4-d, 6-d, and 8-d following by recovery for 7-d. The results revealed that drought significantly reduces leaf RCW in both plants. Re-watered Z. mays after 8-d drought was higher than C. sativus and reestablished RCW by 23% of stressed plant although remained lower by 9% of the well-watered plant. While, proline and AsA contents in Z. mays were higher than those in C. sativus in drought treatment at 8-d (2.05 µmol/g FW) and 6-d (3174.60 AsA/100 g FW), respectively, that could demonstrate osmotic adjustment ability in this C4 species. The increased proline in both plants also indicates a good strategy for plants to recover. Rewatering gave a decrease AsA and could be expected that plants restore cellular activity after oxidative injury. Based on our study, proline is the most informative biochemical marker to differentiate plant response to drought and Z. mays adjusted defense mechanism to drought rather than C. sativus due to higher accumulation of proline, better antioxidant activity, and improved RCW after recovery
The Effect of Methyl Eugenol Block Plus on Bactrocera dorsalis Complex Total Captured in Chili Plantation
Get PDFFruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) are an important pest for horticultural crops, especially fruits and vegetables. One of the most effective and eco-friendly methods to control male and female fruit flies is by usingtraps that use Methyl Eugenol (ME) block plus fruit essence as an attractant. The purposes of this research were to acquire the most effective formulation of ME Block plus fruit essence to catch the most male and female fruit flies on the chili plantation and to detremine the increase in total of fruit flies caught. This research started from December 2017 to January 2018 at Cibeureum Village, Sukamantri District, Ciamis Regency, West Java Province. The research was conducted using a randomized block design consisting of 8 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments consisted of adding fruit essence to the ME block: 2 ml of ME on cotton; 2 ml of ME block; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of mango essence; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of orange essence; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of guava essence; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of star fruit essence; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of chili essence; Antilat (Organic pesticide) as a comparison. The results showed that ME block plus fruit essence has increased the total of male fruit flies caught, but it did not attract female fruit flies. The best combinations with the highest average of male fruit flies caught were ME block plus orange essence with 750.67/5 week, followed by ME block plus chili essence with 746.00/5 wee
In Vitro Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitor Activity of Mangifera foetida Leaves Extract
Get PDFObesity is a condition where there is excessive fat in the body. Weight loss can be accomplished by inhibiting fat absorption through the inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity, a key enzyme in fat metabolism. Natural products from plants contain various phytochemical compounds that can act as pancreatic lipase inhibitors. This research was conducted to determine the lipase inhibitor activity of the methanol extract of Mangifera foetida leaves. Mangifera foetida leaves were extracted and then the total phenolic and flavonoid levels were determined. The extract was tested for its ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase in vitro. The inhibitory activities of the extract and Orlistat were measured using p-nitrophenyl palmitate as a substrate at concentrations of 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL. The results showed that the extracts of young leaves (YL) and mature leaves (ML) contained phenol and flavonoid compounds. The IC50 values of young leaf extract (YL) and mature leaves (ML) were 45.22 and 35.50 µg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, the Mangifera foetida leaf extract can be promoted as a good source of anti-obesity compound
Morphological characteristic and Phenetic Relationship of Lysurus periphragmoides Collected from West Java
Get PDFLysurus is one of the unique genera in Basidiomycetes. It has a stinky odor and slime on the head. The unusual-shaped makes the species in Lysurus easily to be identified. One of Lysurus had been found in West Java, Indonesia namely L. periphragmoides. The specimen was deposited into Herbarium Bogoriense with code BO 24418. This study aimed to obtain specimens and characterize the Lysurus BO 24418 using morphological characteristics, and analyze the phenetic relationship among Lysurus species. Lysurus BO 24418 has two phases (egg and mushroom). The egg phase is usually hypogeous underground. The mushroom has a head and stem. The head bears the mature spore with slime distribute malodor. The stem has a hollow and spongy texture with a yellowish color. The numerical data of morphological characters of species in Lysurus were analyzed using NTSys ver 2.1 software. Ten characters were used to build a dendrogram using Sequential Agglomerative Hierarchical Nested (SAHN) cluster analysis with Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). Phallus indusiatus was selected as an outgroup. The analyses showed the specimen was classified as L. periphragmoides with 100% of similarity coefficient and it was close L. gardneri with 40,4% of similarity coefficient. The characters that cluster among them are stem surface, head type, egg diameter, and spore max lengt
Preliminary Study on Antibacterial Activity of Sawo Kecik (Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard) Roots Extract
Get PDFThe roots of sawo kecik (Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard) contain astringent that can be used to treat diarrhea for infants. However, the active antibacterial substance in sawo kecik roots has not been known. Therefore, the research to understand the antimicrobial activity of sawo kecik roots extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was performed. Sawo kecik roots were macerated using methanol and chloroform. The result was then treated with E.coli and S.aureus with a concentration of 5 ppm and compared to negative control (solvent) and further observed and analyzed how reduced the bacterial growth with Two Ways ANOVA without interaction. The research results indicated that the sawo kecik roots methanol extract was effective to slow down the growth of S.aureus (0.160 ± 0.007) but ineffective against E.coli, whereas sawo kecik roots chloroform extract was not effective to reduce both bacteria. It can be concluded that further research is required to measure and verify the antibacterial activity of the extract using higher concentration samples and different research methodology
Habitat and Distribution Modeling of Prehistoric Hippos (Hippopotamus sivalensis spp.) During Pleistocene in Java Island
Get PDFCurrently, there are only 2 extant species of hippos including common (Hippopotamus amphibius) and pygmy hippos (Choeropsis liberiensis) . But in prehistoric times, there were several species. During  Pleistocene these species were known to migrate to Java Island from Asian Continent and the species was Hippopotamus sivalensis spp. In this regard, this study aimed to model the habitat of H. sivalensis spp., ecology, and biodiversity of Hippopotamus sivalensis spp. based on the fossil record. The model was developed based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method using the R statistical package. The results showed that there were 7 populations of H. sivalensis spp. that lived at various altitudes with an average of 177 m above sea level (95% CI : 123-232 m). According to PCA, there were at least 2 separate populations of H. sivalensis spp. One population occupies the forest while another occupies a habitat close to the coast. Currently the habitat for H. sivalensis spp. already changed. Based on habitat modeling, H. sivalensis spp. inhabit streams with submerged aquatic plants and shrubs and trees growing along river banks