Jurnal Biodjati
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Diversity of the Cave-Dwelling Bat (Chiroptera) in the Ngobaran Coastal Area, Karst of Gunung Sewu
Get PDFBats (Chiroptera) are divided into two suborders (Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera). More than 50% of species of bats use caves as their roosting sites. Thus, they play a crucial role in the cave ecosystem. For that reason, they also exist as keystone species in the karst area. Gunung Sewu is one of the karst areas in Indonesia that best exemplifies tropical karst. Furthermore, Gunung Sewu is still at risk of habitat loss despite being designated as a Geopark. This study aimed to understand the diversity of bats that live in caves in the karst region of Gunung Sewu, specifically in four caves near Ngobaran Beach between April and June 2020. A harp net and misnet placed at the cave’s entrance were used to capture bats for data collection. After they were captured, the bats were identified using Morphometry and the Shannon-Wiener index. Through another index, Margalef index, the bat diversity in the four cave habitats was expressed, with a discovery that there are many different species. Based on the Jaccard similarity index, bats were categorized again using cluster analysis and the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA). A total of nine species across five families were identified. The diversity of existing species variety was also recognized by analyzing the composition of the four cavern inhabitants. The four cave ecosystems’ bat diversity was divided into three categories: moderate variety, low similarity, and high species diversity. Except for Cekelan 1 Cave and Gebyog Cave (P=0.015), other variations did not demonstrate a meaningful difference (P0.05). This demonstrates how different each ecosystem is. Therefore, they could be classified as potentially spoiled habitats, demanding additional conservation efforts
Pharmacophore Analysis of Monoterpene Melaleuca leucadendra as an Inhibitor for 3CLPro of the SARS-CoV-2
Get PDFThe monoterpene compound has been reported to have antiviral activities . This study aimed to test the monoterpene compound in Melaleuca leucadendra to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The monoterpenes tested were α-Pinene, β-Pinene, Linalool, α-Terpineol, and Terpinene-4-Ol. The method used was computational through pharmacophore analysis. The indicator for the quality of the compound was the fit score. A fit score of more than 50% indicates a good-quality compound, while a fit score of less than that indicates a poor-quality compound. Based on the analysis results, the monoterpene compound in Melaleuca leucadendra can potentially inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 virus directly through the inhibition of 3C-like protease. The linalool showed a fit score of 55% with interactions of hydrophobic, electrostatic, and hydrogen bonds. All the compounds did not inhibit the metabolic process and were safe, possibly having no side effects based on ADMET analysis
Analysis Effect of Nano Chitosan Coating on The Quality of Shallot Bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L. var. Bauji)
Get PDFShallots are bulb-shaped commodities that are difficult to maintain in new conditions because they are easily damaged. An effective effort to prevent deterioration of food quality during storage is by coating it using nano chitosan. The effectiveness of nano chitosan is influenced by particle size which related to the ratio of chitosan and STPP (sodium tripolyphosphate). This study aimed to determine the effect of nano chitosan coating with the addition of different ratios of chitosan and STPP and the appropriate ratio of chitosan and STPP on nano chitosan as a coating to maintain the quality of shallot bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L. var. Bauji). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with four treatments and five replications. The treatments of this research were P0= Control, PI= Nano chitosan ratio of chitosan: STPP 1:3, P2= Nano chitosan ratio of chitosan:STPP 1:4, and P3= Nano chitosan ratio of chitosan:STPP 1:5. The variables of this study were the percentage of damage, the percentage of diameter shrinkage, weight loss, color, hardness, and moisture content. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA test and continued with the DMRT test. The application of nano chitosan coating on shallot bulbs could reduce damage, shrinkage of tuber diameter, weight loss, color, hardness, and decrease in water content better than the control treatment. The best results were shown by treatment P3 (1:5) with a percentage of damage of 8%, diameter shrinkage of 20.20%, weight loss of 18.40%, total color change of 54.45, hardness of 226.23 N, and a decrease in water content of 4.65% at the final water content of 79.09%
Ethnoecology of The Slamet Mountain Slope Community (SMSC) in Paguyangan District, Brebes Regency, Central Java
Get PDFThe local communities have local knowledge in utilizing and managing landscape units. The threat of modernization has led to the degradation of local knowledge, including the Javanese community on Mt. Slamet. This study aimed to analyze the plant diversity characteristics of landscape units and determine the important value of landscape units and plant species used by the community. This research was conducted in the Ragatunjung, Cipetung, and Pandansari village, Paguyangan District, Brebes Regency, Central Java. Semi-structured interviews collected Ethnoecological data with eight key informants and 83 respondents selected by purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Data on the level of landscape utilization were analyzed using the Local User\u27s Value Index (LUVI). The community recognizes nine types of landscape units, such as perawisan (yard), wanah (production forest), Majegan (gardens), Sabin (rice fields), Kubang buyut (protected forest plan), tea plantations, Telaga Ranjeng Nature Reserve, Tanah Bengkok and tuk (water sources). Wanah was the most important landscape unit in the community in Ragatunjung (31.27), Cipetung (53.55), and Pandansari (28.17). Oryza sativa had the highest importance value in Sabin (22) and wanah (12) of Ragatunjung. In contrast, Syzygium aromaticum had the highest in Majegan (6.68). Brassica oleracea has the highest importance value in the two landscape units of Cipetung, namely, Majegan (4.20) and settlements (3.5), while in the wanah is Zea mays (11.38). Solanum tuberosum had the highest value in each landscape unit in Pandansari, both in wanah (10.33), Majegan (6.80), and Protection Forest Plan (PFP) (4.13). Categorizing landscapes and their utilization by maintaining certain landscapes, such as the Telaga Ranjeng Nature Reserve and Kubang buyut, directly impact the sustainability and integrity of ecosystems and natural resources in and around the area
Association Analysis of Seagrass Coverage and Human Activities in Nusa Lembongan
Get PDFNusa Lembongan has high marine biodiversity, including seagrass. Seagrass is a plant that lives submerged in a marine or estuary water that functions as a nursery ground, trapping sediment, and beach protector, so it is important to know the condition of seagrass coverage, especially in Nusa Lembongan for managing the Nusa Penida Marine Protected Area. This study aimed to understand the condition of seagrass coverage and the factors influencing the existence of its ecosystem in Nusa Lembongan. According to reslut in two stations, it was found that six of the twelve types of seagrasses in Indonesia, namely Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule pinifolia, and Halophila ovalis. From the two stations (LMB01 and LMB02), the total seagrass coverage was 38.10±30.98% or the medium category. The seagrass communities in the station areas were generally formed by 3 types of seagrasses; Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, and Cymodocea rotundata. LMB02 has higher seagrass coverage than LMB01. The seagrass coverage is inversely proportional to the intensity of human activity
Phytochemistry Screening and Antioxidant Activities of Extract Pomegranate, Grape, Fig, and Olive in the Various Solvent
Get PDFThe active compounds of grape, pomegranate, olive, and fig have anthocyanins that potential as antioxidant are flavonoids. Flavonoids have potential as antioxidant to prevent and therapy various oxidative stress and related diseases. This study aimed to examine the antioxidant activity of a combination of pomegranate, grape, fig, and olive extracts using the DPPH (diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The maceration method used was maceration of dry Simplicia with methanol 95% solvent, fresh maceration with 95% methanol and dry Simplicia with 95% ethanol solvent. The results of the phytochemistry test showed several compounds found in the extract combination pomegranate, grapes, fig, and olives such as polyphenol, flavonoid, tannin, steroid/triterpenoid. The result of the antioxidant test showed the fresh maceration 95% methanol showed higher results with the IC50 of 25.22 with a potent antioxidant activity category
The Diversity of Reef Fish in Ulee Kareung waters, Bireuen District Indonesia
Get PDFIndonesia has abundant underwater natural resources, including coral reefs. Among coral reef ecosystems, reef fish make an important contribution to supporting the sustainability of underwater life. The more diverse reef fish in an ecosystem, it shows the healthier the condition of the coral reef ecosystem. The objective of the study was to investigate the diversity of the reef fish community including abundance, diversity, evenness, and dominance index in Ulee Kareung waters, Simpang Mamplam Sub-district, Bireuen District, Indonesia. We used a visual census technique (VCT)-belt transect by using a 50-meter transect and 3 times repetition at three observation stations. Each station had 2 depth categories such as shallow waters (3-5 m) and deep water (7-10 m). Results of the study found a total of 2094 individuals that consisted of 19 families and 59 species. The abundance value of reef fish ranged from 321 ind/ha - 610 ind/ha. The diversity index (H\u27) ranged from 2.80 to 3.16. The evenness index (E) ranged from 0.79 to 0.88 and the dominance index (C) ranged from 0.06 to 0.10. Hence, it can be concluded that ulee kareung waters have a medium level of fish diversity
Allopurinol Induction on Histopathological Structure of the Liver in Male Mice (Mus musculus)
Get PDFAllopurinol is used to reduce total uric acid levels in the body into oxypurinol which can inhibit xanthine oxidase. Allopurinol inhibits the precursors of uric acid formation, xanthine, and hypoxanthine. However, consumption of the drugs can cause side effects on the liver. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of allopurinol induction on the liver histopathology of male mice (Mus musculus) DDY strain. The method used in this research was an experimental design used post-test only that was divided into 4 groups of 4 mice per group. The control group (P0) was given 0.5% Na-CMC, and groups I, II, and III (P1, P2, and P3) were induced by allopurinol at 10 mg/kg BW, 20 mg/kg BW, and 30 mg/kg BW for 14 days. Allopurinol induction was performed by oral gavage. The results of the research showed that treatment with allopurinol caused changes in the mice’s body weight, liver index, liver morphology, and histological structure of the liver tissue, including necrosis, steatosis, leukocyte infiltration, binuclear hepatocytes, hepatocyte swelling, congestion, sinusoid dilatation, and hemorrhage. The level of liver damage increased in line with the dose used. This research indicated that the higher the allopurinol level, the higher the level of alteration in the liver section structure. Long-term use of allopurinol can cause damage to the structure of mice liver (liver toxicity).Â
Hemotoxicity of Hairy Fig (Ficus hispida L.f.) Fruits on Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769)
Get PDFHairy fig (Ficus hispida) fruits (HFF) are widely consumed as food and traditional medicine in several West Asian countries, both the unripe fruit (UHFF) and ripe fruit (RHFF). However, they are not commonly utilized in Indonesia. Acute oral toxicity studies reported No Observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). Further, a reproductive toxicity study found that UHFF boosted spermatogenesis and increased the quality and quantity of spermatozoa. Meanwhile, RHFF exhibited the opposite effects. To provide comprehensive information from the previous study, this research was conducted to evaluate the hemotoxicity of UHFF and RHFF about their impact on the male reproductive system. Nine Wistar rats were assigned into three groups: the first group received UHFF juice, the second group received RHFF juice, and the third group received distilled water as control. The volume of each treatment was 2 mL/individual/day for 77 days. On days 0, 28, and 77, blood samples were collected for routine hematological profile examination using a hematology analyzer (Sysmex®XP-100). Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test and Duncan\u27s test (α=0.05) to discover significant differences between groups and times. Results showed that consuming hairy fig fruit, especially the UHFF, had an unfavorable effect on erythrocytes resulting in hypochromic microcytic anemia. Still, there was no adverse effect on leukocytes and platelets. Anemia may have occurred due to the presence of hemotoxic compounds that interfere with the synthesis and binding of hemoglobin or because the hairy fig fruit filtrates were oxidized, thereby increasing the level of oxidative stress within the body, of which is a drop in hemoglobin levels
An Extracellular Pectinase from ISH16 Bacteria Isolated Induced by Coffee Pulp Waste Substrate
Get PDFAn α-1,4-glycosidic bonds galactoses pectin, mainly composed of a D-galacturonic acid chain, are important biomaterial widely used in industries. Utilizing this material, a bioprocess, including the biocatalysis pectinase, is often needed. Pectinase production was optimized in 7 days SSF at 37°C, and the pectinase activities were daily measured by the method of Somogy-Nelson. The optimum pectinase production was 0.166 U/ml on the fourth day SSF. Purification using open column ion exchange chromatography DEAE cellulose DE-52 resulted in 1030.9 folds of pectinase purity with a yield of 25.9%. The enzyme was at optimal activity at pH six and attended stable in the pH range of 5.5-8, while optimal activity at a temperature of 50°C and was stable in the range of 30-45°C. The pectinase activity increased by 120% with the addition of 10 mM Mg2+, and 95% retained when 10 mM Ca2+ was added. The presence of 10 mM Na+, K+, and Fe2+ resulted in a slight effect of activity at 85%, 83%, and 78%. However, it was strongly inhibited by 10 mM Al3+ and retained 25%. Based on the results above, the microbial utilization of coffee pulp waste by ISH16 bacteria pectinolytic is one opportunity to produce valuable pectinase with low-cost production, so comprehensive examination in large-scale production is needed too. In this paper, all research detail steps were described