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Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Covid-19 di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Periode Januari-Maret 2021
Full text linkCovid-19 adalah penyakit infeksi jenis baru yang disebabkan oleh virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil penggunaan dan kuantitas penggunaan antibiotik yang diberikan pada pasien Covid-19 di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari-Maret 2021. Didapatkan sebanyak 60 sampel rekam medis, kemudian dianalisis secara kuantitatif menggunakan metode ATC/DDD. Didapat 7 jenis antibiotik yang diberikan pada pasien Covid-19 yaitu Azitromisin (51,72%), Seftriakson (22,99%), Levofloksasin (17,24%), Sefadroksil (2,30%), Meropenem (2,30%), Moksifloksasin (2,30%) dan Siprofloksasin (1,15%). Diperoleh nilai total DDD/100 pasien-hari sebesar 97,36 DDD/100 pasien-hari, antibiotik Azitromisin memiliki nilai DDD/100 hari-pasien tertinggi sebesar 44,54 DDD/100 pasien-hari, dan antibiotik yang masuk dalam segmen 90% adalah Azitromisin (45,75%), Seftriakson (29,85%) dan Levofloksasin (16,02%)
EVALUASI PENGELOLAAN OBAT RUSAK ATAU KEDALUWARSA SEBELUM DAN SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI RUMAH SAKIT X PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Full text linkPandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan banyak rumah sakit mengalami penurunan kunjungan pasien secara drastis yang mengakibatkan obat tidak terdistribusi dengan optimal sehingga meningkatkan risiko obat rusak atau kedaluwarsa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian pengelolaan obat rusak atau kedaluwarsa di Rumah Sakit X Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dengan pedoman Kementerian Kesehatan tahun 2021 dan untuk mengetahui perbandingan nilai kerugian akibat obat rusak atau kedaluwarsa sebelum pandemi pada tahun 2019 dan selama pandemi pada tahun 2022. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional kualitatif. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu lembar observasi, lembar wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan obat rusak atau kedaluwarsa di Rumah Sakit X Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dikategorikan sangat baik dengan skor kesesuaian 90%. Nilai kerugian akibat obat rusak atau kedaluwarsa tahun 2019 senilai Rp50.953.540,00 sedangkan pada tahun 2022 senilai Rp45.044.935,50. Tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pada nilai kerugian akibat obat rusak atau kedaluwarsa sebelum dan selama Pandemi Covid-19 di Rumah Sakit X Provinsi Sulawesi Utara
Kata kunci: Pengelolaan obat, obat rusak, obat kedaluwarsa, kerugian, Pandemi Covid-1
Non-Specific Standardization Test for Areca Yaki Fruit Extract (Areca Vestiaria)
Full text linkThe chemical substances contained in the extracts of natural ingredients must be maintained in quality, so standardization is required. This study aims to prove that ethanol extract of Areca yaki Fruit (Areca Vestiaria) meets the non- specific parameters on the standardization of natural ingredients extract. Ethanol extract of Areca Yaki Fruit is extracted using maceration method. The extracts obtained were tested for several non-specific parameters including desiccant shrinkage, moisture content, total ash content and acid insoluble ash content. The test results are compared with the standard parameters. Areca Yaki Fruit ethanol extract has a drying shrinkage of 0.027%, moisture content of 0.5242%, total ash content of 0.712% and 0.883%, and insoluble acid ash content of 0.048% and 0.056%. Areca Yaki Fruit ethanol extract meets the standard parameters, desiccant shrinkage, moisture content, total ash content, and insoluble acid ash content
Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Areca Vestiaria Leaves (Areca vestiaria) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria
Full text linkWIRANATIKA SANGKOY. Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Areca Vestiaria Leaves (Areca vestiaria) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Under the guidance of HERNY EI SIMBALA as a leader and ERLADYS RUMONDOR as a member.One of the native plants of Indonesia that is widespread in several areas in Indonesia that has the potential to be developed in research testing antibacterial activity is the areca yaki leaf plant. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of areca yaki (Areca vestiaria) leaves against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentrations of 20%, 40%, and 60%. This research was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer method. From the results of this study, the data obtained that concentrations of 20%, 40%, and 60% of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria are concentrations that are included in the moderate group, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a concentration of 20% is included in the strong group and 40% and 60% are only included in the moderate group
PENENTUAN KADAR VITAMIN C EKSTRAK ETANOL KECAMBAH KACANG HIJAU (Phaseolus radiatus L.) MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
Full text linkAnemia defisiensi besi merupakan penyebab utama penurunan daya tahan aerob. Pemberian vitamin C dapat memberi pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan hemoglobin dan daya tahan aerob. Kacang hijau (Phaseolus radiatus) dapat memenuhi kebutuhan vitamin C dan memiliki aktivitas biologis sebagai sumber antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ialah menentukan kadar vitamin C pada ekstrak etanol kecambah kacang hijau dengan larutan standar vitamin C sebagai kontrol positif. Metode terdiri dari ekstraksi, penentuan panjang gelombang maksimum, penetapan kurva standar, serta pengukuran kadar ekstrak etanol kecambah kacang hijau dan larutan standar vitamin C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Panjang gelombang maksimum dalam penentuan kadar vitamin C adalah 260 nm, serta ekstrak etanol kecambah kacang hijau memiliki kandungan vitamin C sebesar 0,200 ppm pada takaran 20 ppm. Kadar ini setara dengan kontrol positif, yaitu standar larutan vitamin C 10 ppm. Kesimpulan ialah 20 µg/mL ekstrak etanol kecambah kacang hijau mengandung vitamin C sebesar 0,200 µg/mL
Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia Crassipes) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis
Full text linkPengobatan penyakit periodontal dapat diberikan pengobatan berupa obat herbal. Tanaman eceng gondok terbukti mempunyai khasiat sebagai obat karena mempunyai kandungan antibakteri berupa flavanoid, tanin dan alkaloid. Tujuan penelitian untuk menguji efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun eceng gondok terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode difusi cakram Sampel dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok masing-masing diberi konsentrasi 7,25%, 15%, 30%, 50%, kontrol positif (Chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2%), dan kontrol negatif (aquades). Hasil pengujian terdapat zona hambat pada konsentrasi 7,25%, 15%, 30%, 50% ekstrak daun eceng gondok dengan kategori zona hambat lemah sampai sedang. Uji One Way Anova menunjukkan p<0,05 yang artinya terdapat perbedaan dari setiap perlakuan. Kesimpulan daun eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis dengan kemampuan daya hambat paling besar terdapat pada konsentrasi 50% yaitu 6,2 mm yang termasuk kategori zona hambat sedang.
TOXICITY TEST OF THE COMBINATION Eleutherine americana Merr. AND Areca vestiaria EXTRACTS AGAINST THE INTESTINAL ORGANS OF Rattus norvegicus
Full text linkDayak onions (Eleutherine americana Merr.) and Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria) have been used by the community as traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety level of extracts of Dayak onion and Pinang Yaki against the macroscopic appearance of the intestinal organs of Wistar male white rats. This study used an experimental method with 18 male white rats of the Wistar strain who were given ethanol extract of Dayak onion and Pinang Yaki orally at a dose of 10,8mg, 14,4mg, and 21,6mg for 14 days. The results showed that there was a decrease in body weight, in each treatment group but the largest weight loss occurred in the dose group V from 199gram to 182gram while the smallest weight loss occurred in the dose group I from 199gram to 198gram and for the macroscopic picture of the intestinal organs there was no significant difference between the test group with the control group. In conclusion, the administration of extracts of Dayak onion and Pinang Yaki does not affect the macroscopic picture of the intestinal organs
A SPONGE (Stylissa sp.) ANTIOXIDANT TEST COLLECTED FROM MANADO BAY: UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN (Stylissa sp.) YANG DIPEROLEH DARI TELUK MANADO
Full text linkThe Stylissa sp. were under the sea, and these sponge contains active compound, wich are more active than the compounds produced by teresterial plants. The purpose of this study was intended to test the antioxidant activity of the stylissa sp. Sample of the stylissa sp sponge was from the territorial of manado bay. This research an experimental laboratory by testing the ethanol extract of Stylissa sp sponge using DPPH method (1.1-diphenil-2- pikrhydrazil) to analyze antioxidant activity using spectrophotometri uv-vis with variations in concentrations 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10mg/ L. Was extracted Stylissa sp, sponge by maceration using ethanol 95% as a solvent. The value results of % inhibisi (2mg/ L); 86.50% (4mg/ L); 90.5% (6mg/L); 90.53% (8mg/ L) and 90,83% (10mg/L). The highest antioxidant activity at 10mg/L concentration with mean precentage 90.83% inhibisi. The result for this study indicate that the extract from ethanol Stylissa sp sponge has highest antioxidant activity.
Keywords: Antioxidant, DPPH, Stylissa sp., bay of Manad
DETERMINATION NON-SPESIFIK STANDARIZATION OF FOREST ONION BULBS EXTRACT (ELEUTHERINE AMERICANA MERR)
Full text linkThis research aims to find out result from the test non-specific standardization extract forest onion (Eleutherine americana Merr). Extract forest onion (Eleutherine americana Merr.) obtained by maceration method, the extract obtained was observed by parameter non-specific which include drying shrink, water content, total dust content, and acid insoluble dust. Parameter non-specific compared with reference determation standart parameter. The result testing this parameter non-specific extract dayak onion from passi village obtain shrink drying 0,1137 %, water content 0,1545 %, total dust content 0,3931 %, and dust acid insoluble 9,8062 %. According the result of extract dayak onion standart shrink drying parameter, water content, and total dust content, meanwhile for acid insoluble dust parameter it is not accordance with because procces washing that is not clean so there a lot impurit
ANALISIS MEDICATION ERROR FASE PRESCRIBING DAN DISPENSING DI INSTALASI FARMASI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT RATATOTOK BUYAT KABUPATEN MINAHASA TENGGARA
Full text linkMedication error is an incident causing drawbacks to patients which, in fact, can be prevented, hence, analysis of medication error in the phases of prescribing (prescription errors) and dispensing (preparing and combining drugs error) was conducted. This study aimed to discover the factors instigating medication error and its percentage in prescribing and dispensing phases. This research employed descriptive analysis in which data was gathered prospectively. Sample was collected through purposive sampling method. 218 pages prescription of outpatients of Internal Poly were recorded at pharmacy installation of Ratatotok Buyat Central General Hospital in Southeast Minahasa Regency. Study finding in prescribing phase included no doctor signature 4.58%, no concentration/dosage 2.75%, no issue date 10.55%, no age/date of birth of patients 30.27%. Meanwhile, dispensing phase only included error in eticket/label 0.91%. Based on the data above, it could be concluded that medication error in prescribing and dispensing phases at Ratatotok Buyat Central General Hospital in Southeast Minahasa Regency occurred. Keywords: medication error, prescribing, dispensing, Pharmacy Installation of RSUP Ratatotok Buyat