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UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT KOMBINASI EKSTRAK BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine americana Merr.) DAN PINANG YAKI (Areca vestiaria Giseke) TERHADAP ORGAN PARU-PARU TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus)
Full text linkDayak onions (Eleutherine americana Merr.) and Pinang yaki (Areca vestiaria Giseke) have potential as traditional medicinal ingredients. However, the toxic effect of the combination of these extracts is not yet known. This study aimed to determine the effect of the combination of extracts Dayak and pinang yaki on the lungs of male white rats Wistar strain (Rattus norvegicus) in acute toxicity testing. This type of research was conducted using laboratory experimental methods consisting of 18 male white rats of wistar strains. Extraction was made by maceration using 96% Ethanol. The treatment was carried out for 14 days by observing body weight and macroscopic observations of the rat lungs. The results showed that the administration of combination extracts Dayak Onion and Pinang Yaki  for 14 days at dose of 10.8 mg, 14.4 mg, 21.6 mg didn’t cause any changed, on the macroscopic picture the lungs looked normal and didn’t different when compared with the control group. Based on the results of statistical tests in the combination treatment group proved have a significant weight loss
Efek Tepung Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) yang Diberi Aluminium Sulfat Terhadap Fungsi Hati pada Tikus Winstar Diinduksi Asam Asetat
Full text linkThis study aims to determine the side effects of porang flour solution added with Aluminum Sulfate on AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) as an indicator of liver function in Wistar rats. This research was conducted in a laboratory with a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Treatment of porang flour solution was added with Aluminum Sulfate 3% (w/v) then added 3 g of porang flour. The rats before treatment were induced by gastric ulcers of rats with 12.5% acetic acid for 3 days. Treatment of porang flour solution was carried out for 21 days with a sonde. Parameters observed were movement, morphology, body weight (growth) and AST (U/L) on 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment. Data analysis was performed using Statistica 6 at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that porang flour treatment mice had a much lower body weight, were healthy, agile and moved a lot, indicating that porang flour plus aluminum sulfate can be developed as an alternative diet food. AST levels after 21 days of treatment with porang flour solution decreased. The recovery of Wistar rats induced by 12.5% acetic acid wounds for 3 days can be healed after 21 days given a 2 mL porang flour solution by sonde based on the results of morphological observations and decreased levels of AST
Antibacterial Activity Test of African Leaf Extract (Vernonia amygdalina) Against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteria Growth.
No full textAfrican leaves (Vernonia amygdalina) are known to be one part of the plant that has antibacterial activity that has the potential to be developed as a traditional medicine. This study aims to determine antibacterial activity, the effect of increasing extracts and the most effective concentration on the inhibitory power of the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The antibacterial activity of african leaf ethanol extract with concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 80% was tested using the disc diffusion method by observing the diameter of the inhibitory zone compared to Ciprofloxacin as a positive control and CMC as a negative control. The results of measurements of the diameter of the inhibition zone concentrations of 5% (7.0 mm), 10% (9.2 mm), 20% (11.5 mm), 40% (13.8 mm), 80% (15.7 mm) in S. aureus bacteria, 5% (8.1 mm), 10% (9.1 mm), 20% (11.6 mm), 40% (13.1 mm), 80% (15.1 mm) in P. aeruginosa bacteria have provided activity to inhibit the growth of test bacteria. The results were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and continued with the Duncan test. Research shows that the higher the concentration of the extract, the greater the diameter of the inhibitory zone of bacterial growth. An extract concentration of 80% is the most effective concentration for inhibiting S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacteria
ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY TEST OF BITTER GOURD EXTRACT (Momordica charantia) AS AN INHIBITOR OF α - GLUCOSIDASE ENZYME BY IN SILICO
No full textABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that interferes with the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. This study aims to determine the types of bioactive compounds contained in bitter melon extract and to analyze interaction of targeted compounds against the α -glucosidase enzyme using the in silico approach. The results of the analysis using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) used to obtain information on bioactive compounds that will be used as ligands to be attached to the α-glucosidase enzyme. Furthermore, the potential ability of each compound as antidiabetic was test using PyRx application and Acarbose was its control. The results of the GCMS analysis of this study contained 23 compounds detected in the methanol extract of bitter melon. This research proves that the compound Spirost-8-en-11 one, 3 hydroxy, (3ß,5a,14ß, 20ß, 22ß, 25R) with a binding affinity of -9.0 kcal/mol and Cholesta-8,24-dien -3-ol, 4-methyl-, (3ß,4a)- with a binding affinity of -8.3 kcal/mol have a good conformation. This research can be concluded that the two compounds can be developed as antidiabetic.  Keywords: Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia), antidiabetic, α - Glucosidase enzyme, molecular dockin
FORMULATION AND TEST OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY LOTION ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF CORN SILK (Zea mays L.)
Full text linkCorn Silk (Zea mays L.) is a plant that contains various active compounds such as flavonoids and fenols that function as antioxidants. This study aimed to test the effectivity of the antioxidant lotion ethyl acetate fraction of corn silk used the DPPH method and evaluated the physical preparations with physical properties test parameters. Corn silk was extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol as solvent and fractionated with ethyl acetate as solvent.Lotion preparation were made into 5 formulas (F1-F5) with variations in the concentration of corn silk ethyl acetate fraction (2%-10%). The results showed that the lotion of the ethyl acetate fraction of corn silk had IC50 values respectively 128,96 ppm; 116,87 ppm; 102,96 ppm; 90,98 ppm; 64,68 ppm. F5 continued to evaluate the physical properties of the preparation. The results of the physical evaluation of the preparation showed that the lotion preparation filled the organoleptic requirements, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, spreadability. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the lotion of the ethyl acetate fraction of corn silk has the effectivity as an antioxidant and fulfills the requirements for the parameters of the physical properties of the preparation
Review Virus Chikungunya
Full text linkChikungunya is a virus belonging to the family Togaviridae and genus Alphavirus which was first isolated in Tanzania in 1953. This virus transmission by mosquito vectors, namely Aedes aygepti and Aedes albopictus. Indonesia itself is included as the country that has the largest burden of Chikungunya in Southeast Asia. Symptoms caused by this viral infection are severe enough to cause temporary paralysis and prolonged joint pain. Chikungunya virus drugs and vaccines are not yet officially available and are licensed only in the form of symptomatic treatment that can be given to reduce symptoms. Research and development of Chikungunya virus treatment and vaccines are currently being developed to control the spread of the Chikungunya virus.Â
KESESUAIAN PERENCANAAN DAN PENGADAAN TERHADAP KETERSEDIAAN OBAT DI INSTALASI FARMASI RSUD NOONGAN KABUPATEN MINAHASA
Full text linkABSTRACTPlanning and procurement is a component in ensuring the quality of pharmaceutical services in the availability of drugs. This study aims to determine the description of planning and procurement of drugs at the Pharmacy Installation of RSUD Noongan in 2020 by measuring Standard Indicators. This research is descriptive in nature, taking data retrospectively, secondary data namely planning, procurement and primary data from interviews. Percentage of Allocation of Drug Procurement Fund in 2020 30%, Proportion of the number of products received from the total planned amount is 71%, Frequency of procurement of each drug item per year is 20x. The percentage of available funds is 45%, the comparison of the number of existing drug items with the number of drug items in actual use is 53%, the comparison of the number of items in each drug item with the number of drug items in actual use is 5%, the frequency of delayed payments is 29 times. 2 Indicators that cannot be measured, Frequency of incomplete orders/contracts and Percentage of quantity used from the total available quantity. The results of planning and procurement research at the Pharmacy Installation of the Noongan Hospital have not met standard indicators.Keywords : Planning, Procurement, Drug, Noongan Hospital Pharmacy InstallationABSTRAKPerencanaan dan pengadaan merupakan komponen dalam menjamin mutu pelayanan kefarmasian dalam ketersediaan obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran perencanaan dan pengadaan obat di Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Noongan tahun 2020 dengan mengukur Indikator Standar. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, pengambilan data secara retrospektif, data sekunder yaitu perencanaan, pengadaan dan data primer dari wawancara. Persentase Alokasi Dana Pengadaan Obat tahun 2020 30%, Proporsi jumlah produk diterima dari jumlah total direncanakan 71%, Frekuensi pengadaan tiap item obat per tahun 20x. Persentase dana yang tersedia 45%, Perbandingan jumlah item obat yang ada dengan jumlah item obat dalam kenyataan pemakaian 53%, Perbandingan jumlah barang dalam tiap item obat dengan jumlah barang item obat dalam kenyataan pemakaian 5%, Frekuensi tertundanya pembayaran 29 kali. 2 Indikator yang tidak dapat diukur, Frekuensi kurang lengkapnya surat pesanan/kontrak dan Persentase jumlah yang digunakan dari total jumlah tersedia. Hasil penelitian perencanaan dan pengadaan di Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Noongan belum sesuai indikator standar.Kata Kunci : Perencanaan, Pengadaan, Obat, Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Noonga
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK DAUN PINANG YAKI (Areca vestiaria) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil)
Full text linkABSTRACTAreca yaki leaves (Areca vestiaria) are a source of antioxidants that can prevent free radicals that can damage body cells. Areca yaki leaves contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and tannins with anticancer, antitumor, antibacterial, and anticancer effects as an anti-fertilizer. This study analyzed the antioxidant activity of areca yaki (Areca vestiaria) leaves obtained from village kinilow . On this research with the maceration method and using the DPPH method (1,1- diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) with concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mg/L to analyze antioxidant activity by spectrophotometer. The results of this study showed that the levels of antioxidants in areca yaki (Areca vestiaria) leaves have antioxidant activity. It also means that the higher the concentration, the higher the levels of antioxidants produced. High levels of antioxidants were obtained at a concentration of 25 with a value of 85.30%. Therefore, the obtained inhibition value is calculated using IC50. The obtained value is 7,8, this matter conclude the antioxidant levels in areca yaki leaves are very strong.Keywords: Areca Yaki Leaves (Areca vestiaria), Antioxidant, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl)  ABSTRAKDaun pinang yaki (Areca vestiaria) merupakan sumber antioksidan yang dapat mencegah radikal bebas yang dapat merusak sel tubuh, daun pinang yaki memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, dan tanin yang memiliki efek sebagai antikanker, antitumor, antibakteri, dan juga sebagai antifertilisasi. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan dari daun pinang yaki (Areca vestiaria) yang di peroleh dari desa kinilow. Penelitian ini di lakukan dengan metode maserasi dan dengan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazi) dengan konsentrasi 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mg/L untuk menganalisa aktivitas antioksidan dengan spektrofotometer . Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan kadar antioksidan pada daun pinang yaki (Areca vestiaria) memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan semakin tinggi konsentrasi semakin tinggi pula kadar antioksidan yang dihasilkan. Kadar antioksidan yang besar di dapatkan pada konsentrasi 25 dengan nilai 85,30%. Pada penelitian ini nilai inhibisi yang telah di dapatkan kemudian di hitung dengan menggunakan IC50 dan nilai yang di dapatkan adalah 7,8, hal ini dapat di simpulkan kadar antioksidan pada daun pinang yaki sangat kuat. Kata kunci: Daun Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria),Antioksidan, DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS BIAYA ANTIBIOTIK PROFILAKSIS PADA PASIEN UMUM YANG MENJALANI BEDAH CAESAR DI RUMAH SAKIT BHAYANGKARA MANADO
Full text linkABSTRACTCaesarean section is generally conducted when normal vaginal delivery is not possible due to the risk of other medical complications. Therapy with prophylactic antibiotics is to reduce the incidence of postoperative wound infections. As the variety of prophylactic antibiotic therapy given to caesarean section patients, it is necessary to carry out a cost-effectiveness analysis to find out which treatment therapy is more effective. This research aimed determine a more cost-effective therapy between ceftriaxone and cefotaxime antibiotic treatment in caesarean section patients at Bhayangkara Hospital Manado using descriptive research methods with retrospective data collection in the period January - December 2018. The samples in this research were 14 patients consisting of 9 patients taking ceftriaxone antibiotics and 5 patients taking cefotaxime antibiotics. The results of the research showed that ceftriaxone antibiotic therapy was more costeffective with an ACER value of IDR 28.873/day and the ICER value was IDR 2.488/day.Keywords: Cost Effectiveness Analysis, Pharmaconomics, Prophylactic Antibiotics, Cesarean section.ABSTRAKBedah Caesar umumnya dilakukan ketika proses persalinan normal melalui vagina tidak memungkinkan karena berisiko kepada komplikasi medis lainnya. Terapi dengan pemberian antibiotik profilaksis adalah untuk mengurangi insidensi infeksi luka pasca bedah. Karena beragamnya terapi antibiotik profilaksis yang diberikan kepada pasien bedah caesar perlu dilakukan analisis efektivitas biaya untuk dapat mengetahui terapi pengobatan mana yang lebih efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui terapi yang lebih costeffective antara pengobatan antibiotik seftriakson dan sefotaksim pada pasien bedah caesar di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Manado dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif pada periode Januari - Desember 2018. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 14 pasien yang terdiri dari 9 pasien yang menggunakan antibiotik seftriakson dan 5 pasien yang menggunakan antibiotik sefotaksim. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terapi antibiotik seftriakson lebih cost-effective dengan nilai ACER sebesar Rp. 28.873/hari dan nilai ICER sebesar Rp. 2.488/hari.Kata kunci: Analisis Efektivitas Biaya, Farmakoekonomi, Antibiotik Profilaksis, Bedah Caesa
UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI SALEP EKSTRAK BUAH CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum L) PADA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus)
Full text linkABSTRACTFruit Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L) contain substances as an anti-inflammatory. Content oil essential fruit clove dominated by eugenol with composition eugenol (81.20 %), trans-β- caryophyllene (3.92%), - humulene (0.45%), eugenol acetate (12.43%), caryophyllene oxide (0.25%) and trimetoxy acetophenone (0.53%). Study this aim for knowing existence effect anti-inflammatory on ointment extract fruit clove with 3 concentrations different I.e 10%, 20%, and 40% views from measurement with use period digital shove reduction in edema diameter on back induced mice _ 3% carrageenan as much as 0.2 ml. from results study and observation show ointment extract fruit clove (Syzygium aromaticum L) can reduce the diameter of edema. Ointment fruit cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L) with concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 40% have difference no mean with Control positive because (Ï 0.05). The conclusion from the study this, ointment extract fruit clove (Syzygium aromaticum L) has proven its activity anti-inflammatory. ointment extract fruit clove (Syzygium aromaticum L) with the most optimal 40% concentration which is almost the same with ointment hydrocortisone 2.5% Keywords: Ointment, Clove Fruit (Syzygium aromaticum L), anti-inflammatory  ABSTRAKBuah Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticumL) mengandung zat-zat sebagai antiinflamasi. Kandungan minyak atsiri buah cengkeh didominasi oleh eugenol dengan komposisi eugenol (81,20%), trans-β-kariofilen (3,92%), α-humulene(0,45%), eugenol asetat (12,43%), kariofilen oksida (0,25%) dan trimetoksi asetofenon (0,53%). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya efek antiinfalamasi pada salep ekstrak buah cengkeh dengan 3 konsentrasi berbeda yaitu 10%, 20%, dan 40%dilihat dari penurunan diameter udem pada punggung tikus yang diinduksi karagenan 3% sebanyak 0,2 ml. dari hasil penelitian dan pengamatan menunjukkan salep ekstrak buah cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L) dapat menurunkan diameter udem. Salep buah cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L) dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20% dan 40% memilikiperbedaan tidak bermakna dengan Kontrol positif karena (Ï â‰¥ 0,05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, salep ekstrak buah cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L) terbukti memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi. Salep ekstrak buah cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L) dengan konsentrasi 40% paling optimal yang hampir sama dengan salep hidrokortison 2,5% Kata Kunci: Salep, Buah Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L), antiiflamasiÂ