Hochschulschriftenserver der Pädagogischen Hochschule Freiburg
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What Skills Do Addiction-Specific School-Based Life Skills Programs Promote? A Systematic Review
Get PDFIn school-based addiction prevention, life skills programs (LSPs) have been established since the 1990s. The scientific evidence regarding program effectiveness is in parts unclear. This review links life skills not to behavioral outcomes but to three facets of the self: the affective evaluative, the dispositional & dynamic, and the cognitive descriptive facet of the self. This complements the evidence on behavioral outcomes. In a systematic literature search we have identified drug-specific life skills programs in German language and their evaluation studies. We have mapped the instruments used to assess effectiveness of the LSP on three facets of the self, which are site of action of intrapersonal skills. We identified six comparable life skills programs that have been evaluated at least once. In five of these programs, different facets of life skills have been assessed with a total of 38 different measurement instruments. We found that improvements in affective evaluative and dispositional & dynamic facets of the self could be stimulated by LSPs, complementing previous evidence focusing on behavioral outcomes. Conclusion: Numerous instruments have been used that are not directly comparable but can be categorized by facets of the self. As a result, it is found that life skills programs can have an impact on building attitude and the shaping of intrapersonal skills. Interpersonal competencies such as communication skills and empathy have not been measured. Furthermore, a consensus on measurement instruments for life skills should be found
How immigrant optimism shapes educational transitions over the educational life course–Empirical evidence from Germany
Get PDFCompared to natives, young adults with an immigrant background are more likely to choose academic education over vocational education and training (VET). Our study investigates ethnic choice effects at different stages of the educational system. Based on longitudinal data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), we found that immigrant youths–when controlling for achievement and social background–were more likely to attend academic tracks in Grade 9, have higher participation rates in academic tracks at the upper-secondary level, are less likely to choose VET after lower-secondary education as well as after upper-secondary education, and switch more often to higher education after achieving an upper-secondary degree. Mediation analyses confirmed that these effects were largely shaped by differences in educational and occupational aspirations. Our study provides detailed insights into the transition pathways at different educational stages and the relevant mechanisms driving migration-specific choice effects. As ethnic choice effects are empirically well documented in international research, our investigation may contribute to a deeper understanding of educational inequalities in other European countries
The (Un)political Perspective on Climate Change in Education — A Systematic Review
Get PDFMitigating and adapting to climate change requires foundational changes in societies, politics, and economies. Greater effectiveness has been attributed to actions in the public sphere than to the actions of individuals. However, little is known about how climate literacy programs address the political aspects of mitigation and adaptation. The aim of this systematic literature review is to fill this gap and analyze how public-sphere actions on mitigation and adaptation are discussed in climate literacy programs in schools. Based on database searches following PRISMA guidelines we identified 75 empirical studies that met our inclusion criteria. We found that central aspects of climate policy such as the 1.5-degree limit, the IPCC reports, or climate justice are rarely addressed. Whilst responsibility for emissions is attributed to the public sphere, the debate about mitigation usually focuses on the private sphere. Climate change education does not, therefore, correspond to the climate research discourse. We show that effective mitigation and adaptation are based on public-sphere actions and thus conclude that effective climate education should discuss those public actions if it is to be effective. Hence, we propose that climate education should incorporate political literacy to educate climate-literate citizens
Validation of a patient-reported measure of social support provided by nurses in breast cancer care (SuPP-N): based on a cross-sectional patient survey in 83 German hospitals
Get PDFObjectives
To validate the patient-reported measure of Social Support Perceived by Patients Scale-Nurses (SuPP-N).
Design/setting
A secondary data analysis based on a cross-sectional breast cancer patient survey in 83 German hospitals. Patients were asked to give written informed consent before they were discharged. If they agreed to participate, the questionnaire was sent via mail to their home address after discharge.
Participants
Of 5583 eligible patients, 4841 consented to participate in the study and 4217 returned completed questionnaires (response rate: 75.5 %). For the data analysis n=3954 respondents were included. On average, participants were 60 years old and mostly in cancer stages I and II
Primary and secondary outcome measures
Perceived social support was assessed with a three-item patient-reported scale (SuPP-N). Convergent validity and criterion-related validity were tested using the following constructs: trust in nurses, trust in the treatment team (Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale, adapted), quality of life (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire), processes organisation, availability of nurses.
Results
The structural equation model (SEM) assuming a one-dimensional structure of the instrument showed acceptable goodness of fit (root mean square error of approximation=0.04, Comparative Fit Index=0.96 and Tucker-Lewis Index=0.96; factor loadings ≥0.83). Hypothesis–consistent correlations with trust in nurses (beta=0.615; p<0.01) and trust in the treatment team (beta=0.264; p<0.01) proved convergent validity. Criterion-related validity was proved by its association with patients’ quality of life (beta=−0.138; p<0.01), processes organisation (beta=−0.107; p<0.01) and the availability of nurses (beta=0.654; p<0.01).
Conclusion
The results of the SEM identify potential important factors to foster social support by nurses in cancer care. In patient surveys, the SuPP-N can be used efficiently to measure patient-reported social support provided by nurses. The use of the scale can contribute to gain a better understanding of the relevance of social support provided by nurses for patients and to detect possible deficits and derive measures with the aim of improving the patient–nurse interaction
Development, implementation and formative evaluation of a motivational‐volitional intervention to promote sustainable physical activity in breast cancer survivors
Get PDFObjective
The aim of the current project was the development, implementation and evaluation of the programme, Motivational‐Volitional Intervention‐Movement After Breast Cancer (Mo‐Vo‐BnB), an intervention for the sustainable promotion of physical activity of breast cancer survivors.
Methods
In a multi‐stage interdisciplinary development process, the pedagogical‐didactic, psychological and physical evidence‐based programme was developed and implemented for women after breast cancer who were approved for medical rehabilitation and were minimally, physically active (<60 min/week). Train‐the‐trainer seminars were carried out for the implementation. Four sessions were implemented in two German clinics. The training quality, didactic methods and accompanying material were evaluated 6 weeks and 12 months after implementation by patients, trainers and project members (n = 127 evaluations).
Results
The standardised and published MoVo‐BnB programme can provide practical and quality training. Content and methods can be implemented according to the manual. Training quality, didactic methods, and accompanying materials were evaluated positively.
Conclusion
The results suggest that MoVo‐BnB is a useful standardised intervention for promoting the physical activity of breast cancer survivors. The demonstrated process is also suitable for other projects.
Clinical trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS): DRKS00011122; Trial registration date: 2016 October 13
Analyzing the effects of barriers to and facilitators of medication adherence among patients with cardiometabolic diseases: a structural equation modeling approach
Get PDFAbstract
Background
Based on the theoretical model of medication adherence (WHO, 2003), the aims of the study were (1) to develop and test a theory-based multidimensional model for the predictive power of barriers to and facilitators of medication adherence and (2) to identify the mediating effects of barriers to medication adherence on drug-related patient outcomes (barrier “MedAd- “: forget; facilitator “MedAd + ”: regular intake).
Methods
Within a cross-sectional study entitled “Increasing medication adherence to improve patient safety in cardiological rehabilitation (PaSiMed)”, the model was evaluated in structural analytical terms based on data collected online of N = 225 patients with cardiometabolic diseases. The revised “Freiburg questionnaire on medication adherence (FF-MedAd-R)" was used to measure the latent constructs (e.g., facilitator: communication; barrier: reservations).”
Results
The structural equation model proved to exhibit an appropriate data fit (RMSEA: .05; CFI: .92). For all first-order facilitators of medication adherence, a high proportion of variance (62–94%) could be explained by the second-order factor “Physician–patient relationship (PPR)”. All paths from “PPR” to the constructs depicting barriers to medication adherence showed significant negative effects. Facilitators (“MedAd + ”) and barriers (“MedAd-”) accounted for 20% and 12% of the variance, respectively, in global items of medication adherence. Whereas “Carelessness” showed a full mediation for “MedAd-”, ‘‘Reservations’’ showed a partial mediation for “MedAd + ”.
Conclusions
“PPR” is an important predictor of patient medication adherence. The results underline the importance of a trustful physician–patient relationship in reducing barriers and enhancing medication adherence
Midwives’ empathy and shared decision making from women’s perspective - sensitivity of an assessment to compare quality of care in prenatal and obstetric care
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Background
For quality-oriented evaluation of prenatal and obstetric care, it is important to systematically consider the perspective of the women receiving care in order to comprehensively assess and optimize quality in a woman-centered manner. Empathy and Shared Decision Making (SDM) are essential components of woman-centered midwifery care. The aim of the study was to analyze measurement invariance of the items of the Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) and Shared Decision Making-Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9) scales depending on the prenatal versus obstetric care setting.
Methods
One hundred fifty women retrospectively assessed aspects of woman-centered midwifery care in both prenatal and obstetric care setting. The birth of the child was a maximum of 12 months ago. A structural equation modelling approach was adopted to separate true effects from response shift (RS) effects depending on care setting. The latter were analyzed in terms of recalibration (changing women’s internal measurement standards), Reprioritization (changing associations of items and construct) as well as Reconceptualization (redefining the target construct).
Results
A response shift model was identified for both assessments (pregnancy/birth: CFI = .96/.96; SRMR = .046/.051). At birth, both scales indicated lower quality of care compared with prenatal care ( SDM-Q-9-M/CARE-8-M :|d| = 0.190/0.392). Although no reconceptualization is required for the items of both scales, RS effects are evident for individual items. Due to recalibration and reprioritization effects, the true differences in the items are partly underestimated ( SDM-Q-9-M/CARE-8-M : 3/2 items) or overestimated (4/2 items).
Conclusion
The structure of the constructs SDM and Empathy , indicating woman-centered midwifery care, are moderated by the care settings. To validly assess midwives’ empathy and shared decision making from women’s perspective, setting-dependent response shift effects have to be considered. The proven item-specific response effects contribute to a better understanding of construct characteristics in woman-centered care by midwives during pregnancy and childbirth
Visualisierungskompetenz in schulischen Lehr-Lern-Situationen: Untersuchung von Kompetenzstruktur und Kompetenzniveaus am Beispiel des Faches Mathematik
Get PDFVisualisierungen finden in den unterschiedlichsten Lehr-Lernkontexten Anwendung, in der Annahme Lernfortschritte unterstützen zu können. Das vorliegende Forschungsprojekt widmete sich der empirischen Untersuchung der Kompetenzstruktur von Visualisierungskompetenz am Beispiel des Faches Mathematik. Es wurden außerdem dimensionsabhängige Kompetenzabstufungen entwickelt und anhand von IRT-Modellierungen untersucht
Modelling the Structure of the Control of Variables Strategy (CVS) and Mapping Changes in CVS through Elementary School
Get PDFDie Variablenkontrolle ist bei der Planung und Durchführung von Experimenten von besonderer Bedeutung, weil sie eindeutige Aussagen über Beziehungen zwischen Ursache und Wirkung zulässt. Ihre Anwendung ist daher ein eigenständiges Lernziel des naturwissenschaftlichen Sachunterrichts und Gegenstand zahlreicher empirischer Studien. Entsprechende Fähigkeiten werden unter dem Begriff Variablenkontrollstrategie (VKS) zusammengefasst und beinhalten die vier Teilfähigkeiten: 1) Planung kontrollierter Experimente, 2) Identifizierung kontrollierter Experimente, 3) Interpretation der Ergebnisse kontrollierter Experimente und 4) Verständnis der fehlenden Aussagekraft unkontrollierter Experimente. Bisherige Studien zeigen starke positive Veränderungen bezüglich der VKS während der Grundschulzeit. Allerdings erfassen sie oft nur eine Teilfähigkeit bzw. differenzieren in ihren Analysen nicht zwischen unterschiedlichen Teilfähigkeiten oder dem Einfluss der Fachkontexte der Aufgaben. Wir haben zur Erfassung der VKS in der Grundschule ein Testinstrument im Multiple-Choice-Format entwickelt, welches Aufgaben zu den Teilfähigkeiten Identifizierung und Interpretation in unterschiedlichen Fachkontexten enthält. Das Instrument wurde in einer Querschnittstudie mit N = 415 Zweit- bis Viertklässler*innen eingesetzt. Entgegen bisherigen Befunden zeigen die Ergebnisse einer Rasch-Analyse eine mehrdimensionale Struktur der VKS entsprechend den Teilfähigkeiten. Die Fachkontexte der Aufgaben haben keinen Einfluss auf die Dimensionalität. Die Schwierigkeitsstruktur von Aufgaben wird durch die angesprochene Teilfähigkeit (Identifizierung ist einfacher als Interpretation) und den gewählten Aufgabentyp (z. B. Wahl der Distraktoren nach Schülervorstellungen) beeinflusst. Darüber hinaus wurde eine unterrichtliche Förderung der VKS untersucht ( N = 44), um abzuschätzen, inwiefern das entwickelte Testinstrument erwartete Veränderungen hinsichtlich der VKS abbildet. Die gemessenen Veränderungen werden in diesem Beitrag in Relation zur Querschnittsstudie gesetzt. Abschließend werden die Konsequenzen unserer Befunde für die Messung und Förderung der VKS in der Grundschule diskutiert.Control variables is of particular relevance for the planning of experiments, because only controlled experiments allow valid statements about cause-effect relations. Skills associated with the design and interpretation of controlled experiments are summarized under the term control of variables strategy (CVS) and compass the four subskills: 1) planning controlled experiments, 2) identifying controlled experiments, 3) interpreting the results of controlled experiments and 4) understanding the invalidity of uncontrolled experiments. Existing studies evidence strong positive changes regarding CVS during elementary school. However, they only cover a single subskill or do not discriminate different subskills from the influence of task contexts on students CVS skills. Therefore, we developed a CVS test instrument for elementary school in multiple-choice format with tasks for the CVS subskills “identification” and “interpretation” in different contexts. The instrument was used in a cross-sectional study with N = 415 second to fourth graders. Contrary to previous findings, the results of a Rasch analysis show a multidimensional structure of the CVS according to the two subskills. The task context has no influence on the dimensionality. The item difficulty depends on the subskills (identification is easier than interpretation) and the task type (e.g. choice of distractors according to misconceptions). Additionally we examined an instructional support ( N = 44) in order to assess the extent to which our test reflects expected changes in the VKS. The measured changes are set in relation to the development in our cross-sectional study. We discuss the consequences of our findings for the measurement and enhancement of CVS in elementary school
An Epistemic Network Approach to Teacher Students’ Professional Vision in Tutoring Video Analysis
Get PDFVideo-based training offers teacher students approximations of practice for developing professional vision (PV; i.e., noticing and reasoning) of core teaching practices. While much video analysis research focuses on whole-classroom scenarios, for early PV training, it is unclear whether the focused instructional context of tutoring could be an appropriate and potentially supportive design element. The present study describes 42 biology teacher students’ performance on a tutoring video analysis task. With qualitative content analysis, we investigated how teacher students describe and interpret noticed tutoring events, with particular reference to research-informed PV indicators. With epistemic network analyses, we explored co-occurrences of PV indicators across teacher students’ six video analysis responses, contrasting low and high quality description and interpretation network models, respectively. We found that teacher students’ skills paralleled previous PV literature findings on novices (e.g., vague, general pedagogy descriptions). Yet, unexpectedly, some teacher students demonstrated aspects of higher sophistication (e.g., describing individual students, making multiple knowledge-based interpretations). Findings suggest tutoring is a powerful context for showing tutor-student interactions, making it suitable for initial teacher students’ PV training. Moreover, results offer hints about the range of teacher students’ PV mental models and highlight the need for more support in content-specific noticing and reasoning. Nevertheless, tutoring representations within PV video analysis training may offer teacher students support in student-centered attention and knowledge-oriented focus