Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal
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Screening Tumbuhan Alternatif Penghasil Xanthorrhizol Menggunakan Pendekatan In-Silico Berdasarkan Marker MatK
Full text linkXanthorrhizol is a compound that has many uses such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive, etc. However, this xanthorrhizol is only found in javanese turmeric (Curcuma zanthorrhiza) where this species only grows well in Indonesia. MatK from the GeneBank NCBI is used to find plants that are closely related to Curcuma zanthorrhiza. Multiple sequence alignment was done using ClustalX 1.83, and phylogenetic analysis was done using PAUP 4.0. The results of the reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree showed that white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) was the closest plant related to Curcuma zanthorrhiza. Curcuma zedoaria is a plant commonly found in tropical countries, such as India, Japan and Thailand. In Indonesia Curcuma zedoaria is known as Temu Putih. It is known that the chemical content of Temu Putih rhizome consists of curcuminoids, essential oils, and polysaccharides. Curcuminoid includes: curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemetoksikurkumin and 1,7-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1,4,6-heptatrien-3-on. Curcuma zedoaria has rich essential oils: starch, curcumin, arabin, gums, etc. There is also more than ten sesquiterpene from Rhizome of Curcuma zedoaria such as furanodiene, furanodienone, zedorone, curzerenone, curzeone, germacrone, 13-hydroxy germacrone, dihydro-curdione, curcumenone and zedoaronediol. Based on that Curcuma zedoaria doesn’t produce xanthorrhizol naturally, but Curcuma zedoaria has a bioactive substance such as sesquiterpene and its closely related to Curcuma zanthorrhiza, genetic engineering can probably be used to produce xanthorrhizol
Keragaman Kupu-kupu Pemakan Buah Busuk di Perbatasan Zona Rehabilitasi Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai Kecamatan Cigugur, Kuningan
Full text linkButterflies can be classified based on their feed sources into a nectar-feeding and frugivorous butterfly. Frugiforus butterflies are very sensitive to environmental changes. Furthermore, they are easy to be observed by using a simple sampling method. The research on the diversity of frugivorous butterflies was carried out in the rehabilitation zone of the Ciremai Mountain National Park (TNGC) Region Cigugur, Kuningan. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the diversity of frugivorous butterflies in the rehabilitation zone of TNGC Region Cigugur, Kuningan, as an indicator of land fragmentation and improve the management of TNGC in the use of natural resources, especially for research activities. Butterflies were sampled using a survey method with purposive sampling using bait traps with rotten bananas as bait. Research locations were in the frontier of the rehabilitation area, Cigugur, Kuningan, West Java, perpendicular to the forest frontier along 200 m, which is at a distance of 0-50 m, 50-100 m, 100-150 m, and 150-200 m. The results showed that the diversity of frugivorous butterfly was relatively high with the discovery of 11 types of butterflies from 1 family Nymphalidae
Perbaikan Histopatologi Pankreas Tikus Hiperglikemia setelah Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Pakoba (Syzygium luzonense (Merr.) Merr.)
Full text linkPakoba as an endemic plant in North Sulawesi has ethnomedical benefits in treating diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine the histopathological of pancreatic hyperglycemic rats induced by alloxan by the administration of pakoba stem bark ethanol extract (PSBEE). Rats with an average weight of 150-200 gr were divided into 5 treatment groups. Group I as a normal control without alloxan administration then group II alloxan control, group III were treated with glibenclamide 5 mg/kgbw, groups IV and V were treated with PSBEE 150 and 300 mg/kgbw oral gavage. Phytochemical screening results of PSBEE contain a lot of alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. A dose of 300 mg/kgbw PSBEE is better in repair pancreatic cells in hyperglycemia rats compared with a dose of 150 mg/kgbw. There needs further research to know the antioxidant activity, the mechanism of the active compound content of the pakoba stem bark as an antihyperglycemic
Produksi Biolistrik menggunakan Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Lactobacillus bulgaricus dengan Substrat Limbah Tempe dan Tahu
Full text linkThe use of electricity in Indonesia with energy sources from fossils still dominates compared to other energy sources. Of the total power plant capacity in the country today, coal-fired steam power plants (PLTU) still dominate, namely 24,883 MW or 48% of the total domestic generating capacity of 52,231 MW. Fossil as a non-renewable fuel is produced continuously and will certainly run out. Development of renewable alternative energy is needed and the amount is not limited to being a renewable energy source. An alternative renewable energy source that has been developed to produce alternative electrical energy, one of which is a microbial fuel cell (MFC). This study aims to utilize Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria to metabolize waste water tofu and tempeh as a substrate in the MFC system to produce electrical energy. Research using tofu waste substrate has been carried out, but the use of tempe waste substrate has never been done, and the use of a mixture of waste substrate is not yet known. Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) using L. bulgaricus in tofu waste produced a potential voltage with the highest yield of 282 mV and the number of bacterial cells reached 12.4 x 106 CFU / mL at the 5th hour incubation, whereas the mixture of tempeh and tofu waste produces a bioelectric potential of 274 mV at the 3rd hour incubatio
Hubungan Jenis Kelamin dengan Kejadian Infeksi HBV dan HCV pada Orang dengan HIV/ AIDS (ODHA)
Full text linkData statistik Ditjen PP dan PL Kemenkes RI menyebutkan bahwa kasus HIV/AIDS di Indonesia sampai bulan Maret 2016 mencapai 276.511 penderita, dan 11,4% diantaranya tercatat di Jawa Timur (Jatim). Orang dengan HIV dan AIDS (ODHA) sering terkena virus hepatitis, sekitar sepertiganya memiliki penyakit infeksi bersamaan dengan HBV atau HCV, yang dalam jangka panjang akan menyebabkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian infeksi HBV dan HCV pada ODHA. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 81 orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) yang melakukan tes HIV di Laboratorium Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Gambiran Kota Kediri. Penelitian ini tidak menemukan adanya hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian infeksi HBV dan HCV pada orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA).
Identifikasi Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Limbah Cair Sagu dengan Gen 16S rRNA
Full text linkBakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) telah diisolasi dari limbah cair sagu yang diperolah langsung dari industri pengolahan sagu tradisional di Malangke Barat, Sulawesi Selatan. Isolat murni BAL diperoleh dari sampel limbah cair sagu, masing-masing dari limbah cair sagu yang disimpan selama 1 hari (F1). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi BAL dari limbah cair sagu dengan menggunakan gen 16S rRNA. Ekstraksi DNA dilakukan dengan menggunakan Genaid Presto™ Mini gDNA Bacteria Kit GBB100, kemudian sampel diamplifikasi menggunakan primer 16S rRNA (16sRNA-F 5’-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3’ dan 16S RNA-R 5’- GTTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3’) dengan panjang basa 1300 bp. Sampel yang telah diamplifikasi kemudian disekuensing ke 1st Base. Hasil analisis filogenetik menunjukkan similaritas 100% dengan Lactobacillus mali DSM 20444 dan similiaritas 98% dengan Lactobacillus satsumensis NRIC 060
Komunitas Fitoplankton di Kawasan Curug Sawer dan Cimanaracun, Situ Gunung, Jawa Barat
Full text linkAir terjun atau curug terbentuk dari aliran air sungai pada jalur dataran tinggi yang hanya sedikit mendapat perhatian mengenai kualitas dan status nutriennya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui komposisi fitoplankton dan kualitas perairan pada curug Sawer dan Cimanaracun Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Situ Gunung. Parameter kimia-fisik yang diamati berupa suhu, konduktivitas (EC), total padatan terlarut (TDS) dan pH. Sampel fitoplankton diambil sebanyak 4 liter air dialirkan pada jaring plankton berukuran 50 μm hingga 15 ml dan diawetkan dengan Lugol’s iodine 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 3 jenis fitoplankton dari kelas Chlorophyceae (100%) pada curug Sawer dan 4 jenis yang berasal dari kelas Chlorophyceae (76%) dan Cyanophyceae (24%) pada curug Cimanaracun. Berdasarkan nilai indeks saprobik, kedua perairan memiliki kategori tercemar sangat ringan dengan masing-masing 1,92 pada curug Sawer dan 1,53 pada curug Cimanaracun. AbstractWaterfalls are formed from river which cascade at a high elevation that had a little attention about its quality and nutrient. The aims of study determined a composition of phytoplankton and the quality of waterfalls in Situ Gunung recreational park region. Physico-chemical was observed such as temperature, electro-conductivity, total dissolved solids, and pH. Phytoplankton sample was taken 4 liters streamed to plankton-net with size 50 μm until 15 ml and preserved by Lugol’s iodine 10%. The result showed there are 3 phytoplankton species belong Chlorophyceae class (100%) in Sawer waterfall and there were 4 phytoplankton species belong Chlorophyceae (76%) and Cyanophyceae (24%) classes in Cimanaracun waterfall. Based on saprobic index value from both of them waters showed has very slight pollution with 1.92 and 1.53, respectively
Determination of Grouper Species of Subfamily Epinephelinae from Raja Ampat (West Papua) Region Using CO1 Gene Sequence
Full text linkThe Raja Ampat Islands, located near the heart of the “Coral Triangle” on Bird's Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia are well known for its outstanding biological diversity and stunning marine and terrestrial habitats. Groupers (family Serranidae) has included as part of the 5 largest families associated with coral reefs on the Bird’s Head region. The grouper identification was generally done on the basis of color patterns and morphological characters, but oftentimes these characters show intraspecific variations or differences in color patterns between juvenile and adult individuals. This study aims to confirm the type of grouper species that were obtained from the sport fishing activities around Raja Ampat Island. Species confirmation from subfamily of Epinephelinae determined by analyzing the number of differences of nucleotides and genetic distance on the sequence of the CO1 gene (Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1). A total of eight fish samples were successfully sequenced and aligned. Those samples consist of eight species belonging to the three genera namely Anyperodon, Epinephelus, and Cephalopolis
Kepadatan dan Penyebaran serta Status Resistensi Nyamuk (Diptera: Culicidae) dari Daerah Endemis dan Non Endemis DBD di Wilayah DIY
Full text linkPenyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama di Indonesia tidak terkecuali di wilayah DIY. Jumlah penderita dan luas daerah penyebarannya semakin bertambah seiring dengan meningkatnya mobilitas dan kepadatan penduduk. Keberadaan tempat perindukan nyamuk sangat erat kaitannya dengan kemelimpahan nyamuk karena merupakan sarana berkembangbiaknya larva nyamuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik tempat perindukan vektor dengue dan status resistensinya terhadap insektisida organofosfat di daerah endemis dan non endemis DBD di DIY. Sampling larva dan pengamatan tempat perindukan nyamuk dilakukan di Kelurahan Sorosutan, Kecamatan Umbulharjo, Kota Yogyakarta dan Kelurahan Panjatan, Kecamatan Panjatan, Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Nilai House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), dan Breteau Index (BI) diperoleh dari hasil survei karakterisasi tempat perindukan. Penetapan status resistensi dilakukan dengan uji biokemis terhadap nyamuk dewasa. Peningkatan aktivitas enzim esterase non-spesifik ditemukan pada nyamuk dari 2 RW di daerah endemis dan 4 dusun di daerah non endemis. Nilai HI, CI dan BI Kelurahan Sorosutan adalah sebesar 45 %, 21,95 %, dan 35, sedangkan Kelurahan Panjatan sebesar 6,31 %, 14 % dan 14. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat aktivitas enzim esterase non spesifik pada nyamuk di daerah endemis dan non endemis DBD serta kepadatan dan penyebaran vektor DBD lebih tinggi di daerah endemis dibandingkan non endemis DBD.Kata kunci : DBD, nyamuk, endemis, status resistensi tempat perinduka
Keanekaragaman Jenis Ikan di Perairan Lebak Jungkal Kecamatan Pampangan Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir pada Musim Hujan dan Kemarau
Full text linkThe research about fishes diversity in Lebak Jungkal waters in Pampangan District Ogan Komering Ilir Regency in rainy and dry season was conducted on February till July 2013. The aim of this research were to analyzed diversity index and Evenness index of fishes in Lebak Jungkal in rainy and dry season. Fish samples were collected using purposive random sampling method. The obtained samples were count for species and individual number of each species as a basis for estimating the diversity and evenness indexes. During rainy season, as much as 3,406 fish individuals were caught and were identified into 17 fish species, while a sum of 2,019 individuals were collected in dry season and were placed into 14 fish species. The result of diversity index (H’) categorized intermediet and diversity index (H’) in dry season (0.142-1.754) was lower than rainy season (1.862-2.008). Otherwise, Evenness index (E) in dry season (0.566-0.604) more evenly distributed than rainy season (0.061-0.625).