Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal
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Kualitas Perairan Situ Lebakwangi, Bogor
Full text linkWater pollution that occurs due to various human activities in Situ Lebakwangi's cause of water quality decrease based on Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001 about Water Quality Criteria. The purpose of this research is to know the water quality of Situ Lebakwangi based on physical, chemical, and biological (coliform bacteria) factors. This research was conducted in Situ Lebakwangi, Bogor in January 2015. Physical factor parameters are temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), five days of biological oxygen demand, brightness and light intensity. Research results show that the physical condition of Situ Lebakwangi is conformed with environmental quality standard class II.Temperature of Situ Lebakwangi range is 29,2-30,2 ˚C, DO 4,8-6,2 ppm, TDS 53,7-58,7 ppm, BOD5 1,6-3,1 ppm, EC 112-118 mS/cm, and pH 6,6-8,8. The measurement result shows that total bacteria exceed the environmental quality standard 1,0 x 103CFU/ml, except in the six-station. Pollutant bacteria E. coli was not found in the 6th station. All of the stations can not found pathogenic bacteria Salmonella sp. Coliform bacteria in five and six stations exceeds the environmental quality standard, which is 5,0 x 103. All observed physical factor parameters were in conformable with PP 82 of 2001 about Water Quality Criteria, but for biological parameters (total bacteria and total coliform) were not. Based on these results, aquatic of Situ Lebakwangi can not be used for water recreation facilities, freshwater fish cultivation, livestock, water to irrigate crops, and other uses that require the same water quality
Modifikasi Pakan Buatan untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon)
Full text linkNutrition for the growth of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), include protein, carbohydrate, fat, minerals and vitamins. One of the local raw materials that can be utilized is seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) as an additional ingredient in making artificial feed. This study aims to determine the effect of artificial feeding mixed with seaweed meal on the growth and survival of tiger shrimp. This research is experimental with treatment A: Control, treatment B: 10 grams (seaweed flour), treatment C: 30 grams (seaweed flour), treatment D: 50 grams (seaweed flour) with 5 replications. Treatment D showed the highest growth rate of an average weight of 0.169 grams and an average length of 1.95 cm, the SR of each treatment did not differ significantly. The addition of seaweed flour gives a significant value to the growth of tiger prawns
Keragaman dan Prevalensi Nematoda Parasit Usus pada Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis) di Kawasan Wisata “Masjid Saka Tunggal”
Full text linkNematode parasites generally found around the world. Research on intestinal parasitic nematodes in long-tailed monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) has been carried out in Cikakak Village, Banyumas Regency. The aims of the research was to find out the diversity and prevalence of Nematodes parasite on long tail monkey. Survey methods was used in this research with determine the eggs of the nematodes parasite on faeces of 30 adults and 30 adolescence of monkey. The results of the study found five types of intestinal parasitic nematodes classified as " Soil Transmitted Helminths " namely Strongyloides sp. Ascaris sp. Trichuris sp. Ancylostoma sp. Oeshopagustomum sp. The parasitic diversity index value (H ') indicates moderate (moderate) community stability. Parasitic nematodes in adolescent long-tailed monkeys are relatively similar to adult monkeys. The prevalence of long-tailed monkeys infected with parasitic nematodes is quite high at 40.5 ± 13.5. The prevalence of long-tailed monkeys in adolescence is higher than the prevalence of adult long-tailed monkeys, nematode infections in long-tailed monkeys in Cikakak Village are more single infections. It can be concluded that long tail monkey at Cikakak have been infected by Nematodes parasites and this result can be used to population management of long tail monkey at this area
Keanekaragaman Jenis Ikan di Danau Teluk Rasau, Pedamaran Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Full text linkThe research about Fish Diversity in Teluk Rasau Lake, Pedamaran Ogan Komering Ilir Regency South Sumatera Province conducted in July 2014 and February 2015. The aim of this study were to analyzed diversity and abundance of fish at that area. Samples collected by using purposive sampling method. Result of the study in July 2014 and February 2015 were 18 fish species with diversity index (H’) were 2.81 and 2.91, respectively. Meanwhile, fish diversity and fish abundance in July 2014 were greater than February 2015 which were 99.9% and 763 individu, 99.5% and 120 individu, respectively.
Karakterisasi, Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Komponen Bioaktif Bulu Babi (Diadema savignyi) dari Perairan Pantai Trikora Tiga Pulau Bintan
Full text linkSea urchin is one type of aquatic biota that comes from echinoderms phylum. Biota is very abundant along the beach Trikora Bintan Island. This study aims to characterize and analyze the antioxidant activity and bioactive components contained in the crude extract of hexan and methanol sea urchins. Based on the results of this study, this biota has yield shell, thorn, viscera and gonad that is 42.62%, 18.07%, 27.31% and 12%. The result of extract of crude extract of intact fur with methanol (UMeOH), whole with hexan (UHx), gonad with methanol (GMeOH) and gonad with hexan (GHx) obtained yield of 2.37%, 3.19%, 9.87% and 6.06%. result of bioactive component analysis got 5 kinds of bioactive among them alkaloid, steroid, flavonoid, saponin and phenol hidroquinon. Analysis of antioxidant activity of crude extract of pig bristle with DPPH method obtained results for UMeOH, UHx, GMeOH and GHx is 3003 ppm, 3508 ppm, 1485 ppm dan 1420 ppm
Penapisan Enzim Invertase dari Khamir Asal Nektar dan Madu Hutan
Full text linkYeast is unicellular eukaryotic microorganism and one of the main resources in of organic compound. The natural compounds produced by yeasts have high commercial value; one of the examples is enzyme. Enzymes are widely used in industrial production processes. The invertase enzyme has the ability to catalyze sucrose, and hydrolyze it into equimolar monosaccharides, D-glucose and D-fructose mixtures called invert sugar. Invertase itself is commonly found in various parts of plants wich has high carbon content. Honey and nectar are compounds that have high carbon contents. Very high glucose and fructose contents show high levels of sucrose hydrolysis, so it is possible to have high levels of invertase enzymes in honey and nectar. This study aims to perform screening of invertase enzyme from yeasts that isolated from the nectar and forest honey and to find out the optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme production. This research was conducted by isolating yeast contained in wild honey and flowers nectar. Then conducted by qualitative test with selective medium and benedict test method. Quantitative test of intervase unit activity measured by DNS method with OD 540 nm. Protein concentration measured by Lowry Method with OD 650 nm. From 47 isolats 16 isolates able for invertase enzymes production. Yeast isolat SG 3.2 unit activity is 0.222 U/ml and specific activity is 7.07 U/mg. Optimum production pH and temperature are 5 and 25°C, respectively
Potensi Jus Buah Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Mencegah Nefrotoksisitas pada Tikus Wistar yang Terpapar Pb Asetat
Full text linkLead is a heavy metal with hazardous toxicity causing dysfunction, especially the kidneys as excretion organs. Pb pollution in Indonesia is mostly derived from transportation emissions such as Tetraetillead, which can change into trietillead, a free radical that can reduce endogenous enzyme activity, one of which is SOD pollution. (Superoxide dismutase) which is in various organs, especially the kidneys. A decrease in SOD activity in the kidneys indicates oxidative stress because the enzyme is unable against superoxide anions and causes renal glomerular damage. Kidney damage can increase serum creatinine levels. Papaya juice contains flavonoids, vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene can prevent nephrotoxicity of Pb. The study aimed to obtain the best dose of papaya juice on the SOD activity of Wistar rats kidney tissue and serum creatinine level that exposed by lead acetate. The experiment was conducted experimentally with Completely Randomized Design, which was divided into 6 treatments, P1, P2, P3, of papaya juice, Lead ace with dose: 3.6; 7.2; 14.4 g / 200g of weight and exposed to Pb acetate 50 mg/kg weight. Treatment P4 (rats were given vitamin E 400 IU/kg weight and exposure to Pb acetate 50 mg/kg weight), P5 (rat exposed Pb acetate 50 mg/kg weight), P6 (normal mice) for 28 days. The results showed that papaya juice was the best dose of 14.4 g / 200g weight because the SOD activity of renal tissue was increased, and serum creatinine level decreased significantly. The conclusion is papaya juice can be used to prevent Pb acetate nephrotoxicity
Study on The Potentially Harmful Benthic Dinoflagellates in Pari Island, Indonesia
Full text linkInformation on benthic dinoflagellates in Indonesia is rare since it often neglected in many microalgae researches. Thus, not much information is available about the ecology of benthic dinoflagellates in Indonesia, especially for three important genus, Gambierdiscus, Prorocentrum and Ostreopsis. Sampling were carried three times: in August, October, and December 2013. The sampling was conducted around Pari Island. Bethic Harmful Algal Blooms (B-HABs) were collected in each sampling site using a modified PVC rig with 15x10 cm screen (artificial substrate) which placed at the bottom of the water for 24 hours. Another form of a screen with leaf blade form, 30x5 cm was also deployed in each sampling site and left for 24 hours. In general, the different density of Prorocentrum, Gambierdiscus, and Ostreopsis were observed in various substrates in this research. Temporal variation of those three target genera was also found in this research, from the results so far, Prorocentrum was suggested as the most common benthic dinoflagellates in Pari Island. This genus was found in all substrates during two sampling periods in this study, except in sandy bottom substrate in October 2013. The highest density of Prorocentrum which observed in the screen placed in coral reefs area in October 2013, was 288 cells/100 cm2. The lowest of Prorocentrum density was observed in coral reefs area in October 2013, was 0.53 cells/g of wet weight
Third Generation Bioethanol Production from Chaetomorpha sp. isolated from Pulau Seribu Seawater using Acid Pretreatment
Full text linkCurrently, the primary source of energy based on fossil fuel, thus promoting both the excessive use of fossil fuel and global warming. Bioethanol provides sustainable energy and serves to reduce the dependence on using fossil fuel. Third-generation bioethanol production from macroalgae provides alternative green energy. To observe the potency of biofuel resources of Chaetomorpha sp. isolated from Pulau Seribu Seawater, the effect of the acid pretreatment was evaluated by using two different acids (H2SO4) concentrations. Powdered Chaetomorpha sp. was prepared, followed by acid pretreatment using H2SO4 1% and 2% (v/v). After 72 hours of fermentation, 1% H2SO4 pretreatment produced 0.026 % of the ethanol from 3 grams of Chaetomorpha sp., whereas pretreatment with H2SO4 2% did not produce bioethanol
Kondisi Pencemaran Lingkungan Berdasarkan Parameter Mikrobiologis di Sekitar Muara Sungai Cimandiri, Teluk Pelabuhan Ratu, Jawa Barat
Full text linkThe Gulf waters of Pelabuhan Ratu are important waters for fisheries and tourism. However, currently anthropogenic pollution carried by river flows threatens water quality, especially around the Cimandiri estuary. This study aims to analyze a water quality around Cimandiri estuary based on the abundance of fecal pollution indicator bacteria and patogenic bacteria on water samples taken from 15 stations. Fecal pollution indicator bacteria were enumerated using filtration method and plate count agar, while patogenic bacteria was detected using selective media and biochemical tests. The results of the study in March 2017 showed that domestic waste pollution occurred in Cimandiri estuary. The presence of pollution indicator bacteria colliform, E. coli and patogenic bacteria were found in the water column with varying density levels. The highest density of coliform bacteria was found in the mouth of Cimandiri estuary as much as 4.56x105 CFU / 100 ml and E. coli as much as 2.59x104 CFU/100 ml. Geomean of the total coliform bacteria and E. coli respectively 4.61x103 CFU/100 ml and 7.61x102 CFU/100 ml. The abundance of bacterial pollution indicators in Cimandiri Estuary has been already exceeded Indonesian water quality standard determined by the Ministry of Environment Decree. Patogenic bacteria i.e Vibrio sp. and Aeromonas sp. most found at Cimandiri Estuary