Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal
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Somatic Embryogenesis Formation from Immature Male Flower of Banana cv. Nangka
Get PDFThe plantain banana (cultivar nangka) is among the most valued crop plants in the tropical world. However, the commercially attainable yields are very low compared to other food crops. Somatic embryogenesis has the great potential for rapid and efficient regeneration of plantlets and offers opportunities for large-scale production of plant material. Genetic modification on embryogenic structure offers the opportunity to add desirable gene characteristic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the different medium combination for the induction and optimization of embryogenic formation from immature male flowers. The explants of inflorescence was sampled one month after bunch emergence and approximately 15-20 cm below the last female flower hand. Response of explants and percentage of inflorescence clusters forming nodular callus were recorded and noted. Result of the experiment showed that embryogenic callus could be induced from immature male flowers. The initiation of callus indicated of flower cluster responded to form globular embryogenic callus (49.7% ± 5.2), whereas the percentage of flower cluster responding to form nodular callus was 39.2 % ± 5.3. The highest response of explants forming nodular callus was from flower of rows 12 and 13 (60%)
Penggunaan Botes AHW sebagai Alat Siram Tetes dalam Pembudidayaan Cendana di Kabupaten Belu, NTT
Get PDFOne of factors that causes the failure of the sandalwood cultivation in East Nusa Tenggara Province is drought of seedlings after planting. This research has been conducted to study the use of Botes-AHW as an equipment of drip watering on sandalwood cultivation and to evaluate the water requirements in seedling growth after planting. The results showed that the use of water was more conserved by employing the Botes-AHW in sandalwood cultivation than the traditional watering system. The average of water requirements in seedling growth (several months after planting) is 10 liters per seedling per month
Zoea Syndrome (ZS) pada Larva Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Get PDFWhite shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture in Indonesia has been well developed since 1999. Among the problems occurred during the culture period in the hatchery, Zoea Syndrome (ZS) is the most serious. An observation has been done to determine the prevalence and the clinical signs of this syndrome. Nauplii were collected from hatcheries in East Java (3 hatcheries) and Central Java (1 hatchery) and subject to PCR test in order to obtain TSV free nauplii. The results showed that TSV free nauplii could also be infected by ZS, where the prevalence could reach 100%. There was also a possibility that Vibrio sp. was involved in ZS infection
Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Pakan Bagi Tapir (Tapirus indicus), Kijang (Muntiacus muncak), Kukang (Nycticebus coucang) dan Kondisi Habitat di Kawasan Gunung Tujuh, Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat, Jambi
Get PDFA study on the diversity of feed plants of tapir (Tapirus indicus), barking deer (Muntiacus muncak), and slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) as well as their habitat condition has been conducted at Gunung Tujuh, Kerinci Seblat National Park, Jambi. Survey was carried out by visiting places where the animals are usually found and by taking collection of herbarium plant specimens of those animals’ feed. The habitat of tapir is in a region of Gunung Tujuh forest up to the altitude of 2,020 m above sea level, while that of barking deer is in Gunung Tujuh forest where dense bushes at the edges of forest until the altitude of 1620 m above sea level is favored and that of slow loris is in low region of forest. Thirty eight species belonging to 25 families of forest plants as feed resources for tapir, barking deer, and slow loris were found. Amaranthaceae, Anonaceae, Clusiaceae, Moraceae, and Myrsinaceae were recorded as feed plants for tapir, while Euphorbiacea, Fagacea, Lauracea, and Urticacea were for slow loris and Solanaceae was for barking deer
Respon Pertumbuhan Spesies C3 dan C4 terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan dan Konsentrasi CO2 tinggi
Get PDFGrowth response of two C3 (wheat and kale) and two C4 species (Echinochloa crusgallii and Amaranthus caudatus) were analyzed in response to drought stress under different CO2 concentrations, i.e. ambient (350 ppm) and double ambient (700 ppm). Drought was given by withholding water for several days until the plants were wilted. Drought stress reduced relative water content (RWC), water potential (Yw), osmotic potential (Ys), net photosynthesis (Pn) and plant growth of all species. During moderate drought Pn of C3 species decreased considerably, while that of C4 species was still sustained, suggesting that C4 cycle is important to sustain Pn during the beginning of the drought. Doubled [CO2] enhanced growth of all species indicated by increase of plant height and leaf area, but the growth of C3 species was higher than that of C4 one. Increase of growth due to high [CO2] was associated with an increase of Pn in C3 species but not in C4 species. High [CO2] caused C4 species had RWC, Yw and Ys higher than C3 species during drought stress. Increase of growth in C4 species may be associated by an increase of plant water status due to high [CO2].
Identifikasi Senyawa Alkaloid dari Akar Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Ex Hunter dan Uji Aktivitasnya terhadap Jamur Candida albicans
Get PDFPiper sarmentosum Roxb. Ex Hunter or “Sirih duduk” has long been used for traditional medicine to cure various diseases, such as fungus infections. The investigation of the bioactive compounds of P. sarmentosum roots has not been carried out. This research was aimed to isolate the bioactive compounds from P. sarmentosum roots. The results showed that methanol extracts of P. sarmentosum roots have an activity on Candida albicans. The separation a bioactive compounds from methanol extracts of P. sarmentosum roots was performed by column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and recrystalizations. The identifications of the bioactive compounds were carried out using ultra violet spectrometry, infrared spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. The results indicated that from methanol extracts, an alkaloid compound of piperoylpyrol derivative was 5-hydroxy-5- (3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-pentenoyl pyrol, could be purely isolated. Examination of bioactivity at concentration 0.10-2.50 mg/ml showed that this compound had an activity on C. albicans
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Mikrob Pendegradasi Senyawa Nitril
Get PDFBiotransformation of nitrile compound using microbe represents the best way in eliminating toxicity. Besides, microbes and enzymes of nitriles degradation can be used in synthesis of various chemical compounds with a high economic value. The purpose of this research is to obtain microbial potential for nitriles degradation, to obtain information of physiological of chosen microbe and the characteristic of its enzyme. We have conducted are isolation and selection of microbial nitriles degradation, perception of growth pattern, determination of influence various and concentration of nitriles on microbial growth, determination of enzymes specificity and inductivity, and determination of optimum pH and temperature. The result of microbial isolation from various sources of waste obtained by 12 isolates at acetonitrile, 18 isolates at benzonitrile, 8 isolates at adiponitrile, 1 isolate at lactonitrile, and 1 isolate at ß- aminopropionitrile. GLB5 isolate was selected from 46 isolates, because this isolate can grow at some tested nitriles. The best growth of GLB5 isolate in acetonitrile 360 mM, benzonitrile 30 mM, 3-sianopiridin 15 mM, and ß- aminopropionitrile 140 mM. The growth of GLB5 isolate in acetonitrile 360 mM were experienced a lag phase during 8 hours, and an exponential phase during 40 hours. Time of cell doubling during 7 hours and 42 minutes, and specific growth rate (µ) equal to 0,09 h-1. The character of nitriles degradation enzymes from GLB5 whole cell was inductive, with optimum activity at pH and temperature equal to 7.2 and 40oC
Variasi Sekuens Gen Mitokondrial Sitokrom C Oksidase I dari Siput Lola (Trochus niloticus)
Get PDFA study on sequence variation in the mitochondrial DNA of Trochus niloticus has been conducted. Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) technique was applied to amplify cytochrome c oxidase I gene of 533 bp and ABI 310 aotomatic DNA sequencer was used to sequence the PCR product. This study was aimed to know the genetic variation of T. niloticus and the suitability of partial sequence of cytochrome c oxidase I gene as a molecular marker in the genetic study. The results showed that from two T. niloticus specimens, 12 polymorphic sites were detected yielding 2 haplotypes. This indicated a highly genetic variation in thecytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene of T niloticus. In addition, cytochrome c oxidase I gene was proved to be a suitable marker for the genetics studies of various species of organisms
Produksi Efipium Dafnia (Daphnia carinata King) dengan Pengaturan Fotoperiode dan Kepadatan Kultur
Get PDFDaphnia carinata King is a planktonic crustacean commonly used as natural food for freshwater fish. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different culture densities of daphnids and photoperiod on the ephippia production. Daphnids of different densities, i.e. 15, 20, and 25 individuals per 20 ml water media were cultured in small bottles. The bottles were placed in a refrigerator and treated with two different photoperiods, i.e. 10.5 light hours : 13.5 dark hours (10.5:13.5) and 4 light hours : 20 dark hours (4:20). All refrigerators were set at 12° C. The experiment was arranged in a Complete Randomized Design with factorial treatments (3x2) replicated six times. The ephippia were colleted from every bottle for 45 days. The results showed that the photoperiod of 10.5: 13.5 and daphnid densities of 25 individuals per 20 ml produced most ephippia (12.1). Different culture density within the same photoperiod had no significant effect on ephippia production
Pengaruh Jenis dan Konsentrasi Bahan Nabati terhadap Perkembangan Aspergillus flavus pada Medium PDA dan Biji Kacang Tanah
Get PDFAn experiment aimed to obtain botanical fungicide and its concentration to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus was done in the mycology laboratory, Indonesia Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute, Malang on June–August 2003. Kancil and Mahesa varieties of groundnut, A. flavus fungus, garlic, onion and ginger were used in this experiment. The effectiveness of botanical fungicide extracts to inhibit A. flavus on PDA was done by culturing A. flavus (5 mm diameter) in the petridish ( θ = 9 cm). This experiment was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design with 5 replications. Factor A was botanical fungicide extracts (garlic, onion, ginger, and sterile water) and factor B was botanical fungicide concentrations (10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25%). The level concentration of botanical fungicide extracts were poured into Petridish containing PDA medium before culturing A. flavus. The growth diameter of A. flavus was measured as a parameter. A similar experiment for testing the effectiveness of botanical fungicide extracts to inhibit A. flavus was also done on groundnut kernel. It was arranged in completely randomized design factorial, 3 replications. Fifty groundnut kernels were dipped on botanical fungicide extract for 3 minutes, placed on plastic tray (30 x 24 x 5 cm3) and layered with wet tissue sterile before used. After botanical fungicide extracts on kernels were air dried, the kernels were inoculated with spore suspension (approximately 104 spore/ml). Disease intensity of A. flavus was measured as a parameter. The result showed that the garlic extract treatment was more effective than those of onion extract, ginger extract and without botanical fungicide. The growth rate of colony diameter of A. flavus on PDA medium were 0.15 cm, 3.88 cm, 2.59 cm, and 4.30 cm respectively. The used of garlic extract at a concentration 10% on PDA could inhibit colony diameter growth of A. flavus by 97% as compared to without botanical fungicide extract. The garlic extract treatment, onion extract, ginger extract and without botanical fungicide extract showed that disease intensity A. flavus on groundnut kernels were 13.21%, 22.00%, 20.74%, and 25.18% respectively. An effective concentration to inhibit A. flavus infection on groundnut kernels was achieved by using garlic extract 20%. The use of its extract could reduce 73% of disease intensity. This result was different from the treatment on PDA. This was due to the ability of A. flavus to degrade cell walls. This process takes time meanwhile much of botanical fungicides extract have evapoured