Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal
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Analisis Molekuler dan Uji Ketahanan Tanaman Padi Transgenik yang mengandung Gen Kitinase Generasi ke tiga (T2) terhadap Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn dan Pyricularia oryzae Cav
Get PDFSheath blight and rice blast are two important diseases in rice caused respectively by fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Pyricularia oryzae resulting in considerable yield loss. A study on the segregation pattern of chiI gene among four progenies, i.e. lines 1,7,9 and 20, followed by bioassays of both pathogens was conducted. PCR analysis using specific primers for chiI gene in 30 plant samples from each line was employed to know the segregation pattern. The results showed that three of the four lines, i.e. 1, 7, and 9 performed Mendelian segregation of 3 : 1. Southern blot analysis further applied on line 1 revealed the presence of six copies of chiI gene. Bioassay of P. oryzae carried out at vegetative phase indicated that all lines were susceptible to blast, on the other hands, R. solani bioassay held at heading phase showed that they were all resistant to this fungi
Reproductive Characteristics and Induced Breeding in Heterobranchus longifilis
Get PDFTwo experiments were conducted in the IRD-Gamet Laboratory, Montpellier, France. The first was to evaluate the recovery of Heterobranchus longifilis female gonad after induced ovulation, under tropical condition. Oocyte diameter was used as indicator of the recovery rate following by induced breeding, hatching rate and abnormality of larvae. The results showed that the recovery was about 28 to 35 days after ovulation. The second was carried out to improve the milt production by hormone treatments. Volume of intratesticular sperm and the number of spermatozoa were observed. The results indicated that the treatmens did not prove any significant difference
Analisis Vegetasi Hutan Dipterocarpaceae campuran di Taman Nasional Kayan Mentarang, Kalimantan Timur
Get PDFA study on plant ecology by using a quadrat method has been conducted. This study focused on species vegetation richness at some different altitudes. From the sampling area of 2.24 ha, it was identified that there are 1060 trees of 235 species belong to 121 genera of 41 families. Family of Dipterocarpaceae which was dominated by species of shorea and the most commonest species, especially the upper layer with basal areas reached 25.33 m². Some species adapted well at the location such as Parashorea parvifolia, Shorea ovalis, Shorea johorensis, Garcinia sp, Callophyllum pulcherrimum, Castanopsis philipensis, Lithocarpus blumeanus and Quercus subserice
Kondisi Terumbu Karang di Pulau Sembilan Kabupaten Sinjai Sulawesi Selatan
Get PDFSembilan Island waters is one of the catch fishery production centers in Bone Bay, South Sulawesi. It was informed that the capture has decreased since 1999, which might be caused by coral reef damage although the damage precentage was still unknown. An observation on coral reef condition was conducted in the waters of Sembilan Island, South Sulawesi, on June and November 2000 using scuba diving set and under water writing tools. Monitoring of coral reef condition was conducted in 7 m depth up to 100 m length of shore line in seven stations employing a line intercept transect method. The data of coral reef were analysed by using dBase III and lifeform programs. The results showed that living coral around station I, III, and IV were generaly in good condition except in the stations V, VI and VII, which were in middle condition and in station II, which was in bad condition. The lifeform of coral reef in Sembilan Island were predominated by Acropora Branching (ACB), Nonacropora Branching (CB), Coreal Foliose (CF), and Coral Massive (CM) meanwhile other benthic fauna were predominated by Soft Coral (SF) and Sponge (SP)
Struktur dan Kemampuan Tumbuh Kembali Hutan Mangrove Cikiperan Cilacap
Get PDFStudy was conducted to know forest structure and regeneration of mangrove Cikiperan Cilacap. Transect method was used for this study, the data of seedling were collected by quadrat method, sapling and tree were collected by quarter method. The result of this research showed there were 7 species seedling, 11 species sapling and 18 species trees. Dominant species was Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Avicenia alba, Aegiceros corniculatum, Nypa fruticans, and Ficus retusa. The forest of mangrove regeneration was generally very good. Seven species, however, were recorded in critical condition, i.e. Ceriops tagal, Sonneratia alba, Intsia bijuga, Cynometra ramniflora, Cerbera adolam, Leucaena leucodendrom, and Lumnitzera littorea
Pengaruh Campuran Onggok, Sekam, Pati dan Bahan Humat terhadap Pertumbuhan Aspergillus niger dan Kemampuannya dalam Melarutkan Fosfat
Get PDFThe aims of this study were to investigate the effects of the mixture of tapioca waste, rice bran, starch (BOC), and humic substance (BH) on Aspergillus niger growth and its phosphate solubilizing capability. The experiment was conducted in Erlenmeyer flask containing 200 ml Pikovskaya liquid media and incubated on shaker with 100 rotaries per minute for nine days. The Christmas Island phosphate rock was used as phosphate source. Aspergillus niger YD 17 was taken from the Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University. The experiment was arranged using factorial completely randomized design with three-replications (3x4x3). The level of BOC (i.e. 0, 2, and 4 g.l-1 media) and BH (i.e. 0, 1, 2, and 3 ml.l-1) were applied as experimental factors. Dry weight of mycelia and the soluble phosphate in media were parameters of Aspergillus niger growth. The results showed that BOC and BH increased the Aspergillus niger growth and its phosphate solubilizing capability (P£0.05). Four-gram of BOC and 3 ml of BH per litter of media were the best level for Aspergillus niger growth, while 4 g of BOC and 2 ml of BH was the best level for phosphorus solubilization capability
Pengaruh Elisitasi dengan Verticillium dahliae Kleb dan Rhizoctonia Solani Kuhn terhadap kandungan Gosipol dalam kalus Gossypium hirsutum L pada beberapa tingkat Subkultur
Get PDFAn experiment on gossypol content hasbeen conducted on callus derived from Gossypium hirsutum L. subcultures 5, 6, and 7 after elicitation with Verticillium dahliae Kleb and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Callus was cultured on solid Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium supplemented with 10 –5 M NAA and 10 –6 M 2,4-D, and subcultured for 5, 6, and 7 times. Callus was then elicited with 40 μg dry weight /ml homogenate of fungi derived from V. dahliae and R. solani, and harvested 0, 2, 4, and 6 days after elicitation. The gossypol was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The maximum gossypol content elicited with R. solani was obtained on callus subculture 5, which was harvested on 4 days after elicitation, i.e. 177,995 ± 0,248 μg/g dry weight, whilst that with V. dahliae was obtained on subculture 5, harvested four days after elicitation, i.e.108,021± 0,507 μg/g dry weight. The gossypol content of control callus on subculture 5, 6, and 7 was 37,885 ± 0,779 μg/g dry weight 23,170 ± 0,003 μg/g dry weight, 12,284 ± 0,221 μg/g dry weight, respectively. The subculture level, elicitor type, and harvesting time gave significant effect on gossypol content of G. hirsutum callus culture
Studi Perbandingan Komunitas Ikan dan Udang Daerah Hilir ke Arah Hulu pada Dua Sungai di Kawasan Cagar Alam Leuweung Sancang Garut-Jawa Barat
Get PDFA comparative study on fish and shrimp community from downstream to upper area at two river in natural preserve Leuweung Sancang, Garut, West-Java has been conducted. The aim of the study was to examine how far influence threat damaged fish and shrimp at both river. The result showed 3 species of fish and 3 species of shrimp at Ciporeang river, and 3 species of fish and 1 species of shrimp at Cipangisikan river
Seleksi In Vitro Embrio Somatik Kacang Tanah pada Medium dengan Polietilen Glikol untuk Simulasi Kondisi Cekaman Kekeringan
Get PDFThis study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of in vitro selection for identifying PEG insensitive somaclonal variant of peanut somatic embryos (SE). In one of the experiments, evaluation on responses of four peanut cultivars against selective medium containing polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) was conducted and sub-lethal concentration of PEG was determined. In the other experiment, in vitro selection on selective medium containing sub-lethal level of PEG was conducted to identify PEG insensitive SE of peanut. Secondary SE of peanut cv. Badak, Kelinci, Singa, and Zebra were cultured on liquid MS medium supplemented with 16 µM of picloram and 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% of PEG 6000. Survival of explant, average number of proliferated SE/explant, and total number of proliferated SE after in vitro selection were recorded monthly, up to three months. Sub-lethal level of PEG was defined as one inhibiting more than 95% of the total number of proliferated SE. In vitro selection on medium supplemented with sub-lethal level of PEG 6000 was conducted on at least 4000-5000 SE of peanut cv. Kelinci and Singa. The PEG insensitive SE was identified after subsequent three months of in vitro selection. The results showed that supplementation of PEG 6000 on medium for induction of SE inhibited proliferation of peanut SE. Sub-lethal level was obtained at 15% concentration of PEG 6000. The frequencies of obtaining PEG insensitive SE of peanut cv. Kelinci was 8% to 10% and for peanut cv. Singa was 10% to 12%. The R0 plants of peanut cv. Kelinci (62 R0 plants) and Singa (48 R0 plants) regenerated from PEG insensitive SE were obtained and grown in the glasshouse to produce R1 and R2 seeds
Pengaruh iradiasi ultraviolet (254 nm) terhadap pelemahan kemampuan menginfeksi mirasidium Fasciola gigantica
Get PDFThe controlling of fascioliasis has not been satisfying so far, since the effort of breaking off the fluke life cycle often leads to resistance. The resistance is due to the synchronization between the parasites and their snail host and high infection ability of the parasites enabling them to finish their life cycle. Ultraviolet irradiation provides alternative approach possibly applied to cope with the resistance. The objectives of this research were to know the ability of F. gigantica miracidium in infecting Lymnaea sp. at various ages and to determine time exposure of ultraviolet (254 nm) effectively reducing the ability of miracidium infection. The results indicated that susceptible age of Lymnea javanica is five weeks old, while the most effective time exposure of ultraviolet (254 nm) in weakening the ability of Fasciola gigantica miracidium infection to L. javanica is 60 seconds (P < 0,05). At the moment the study on reinfection effect of F. gigantica miracidium on the immunity of L. javanica is still in progress