Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal
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Uji Antimikroba Rumput Mutiara (Hedyotis corymbosa) terhadap Bakteri dan Jamur Penyebab Penyakit pada Ternak Unggas
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to determine the activity of pearl grass (rumput mutiara, Hedyotis corymbosa) in inhibiting growth of bacterial and fungi causing diseases in poultry.The current study used 3000 gram of sorted and cleaned pearl grass from dust and other weeds. This study employed sample collection, extraction, fractionation, preparation of medium of Agar and Mueller Hinton Broth, culturing bacterial, antimicrobial test and measuring minimum inhibitory concentrations. Extraction was conducted by maceration of pearl grass with methanol for five days followed by evaporating in vacuo to get methanol extract. The extract was then fractionated by adding hexane or acetic acid and ethyl acetic or sodium bicarbonate or n-buthanol to get fraction of hexsane, acid ethyl acetic, base ethyl acetic, n-buthanol. Each fraction was then tested with microbial test that were Salmonella sp, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The results showed that each fraction at 2 % of concentration could inhibit bacterial growth except for Candida albicans that was not inhibited by any fraction of pearl grass. The minimum inhibitory concentrations was 0.4 – 0.8% (4 mg/ml – 8 mg/ml) indicating that pearl grass fractions were highly active on inhibiting bacterial growth that cause poultry diseases and the inhibiting activity on E. coli was found higher than that on Salmonella sp
Beberapa Aspek Pertumbuhan Lamun Enhalus acoroides (Linn. F) Royle di Pulau Barrang Lompo Makassar
Get PDFA study has been conducted to investigate some aspects related to seagrass Enhalus acoroides growth in Barrang Lompo Island Makassar by using a modified tagging method. Tagging was applied monthly to 20 seagrass stands for seven months with weekly observations. The results showed that Enhalus acoroides growth had a quadratic pattern and was strongly affected by exposed environmental condition, turbidity, nutrient, and temperature
Evaluasi Pertumbuhan Empat Populasi Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Kolam Percobaan Cijeruk, Bogor
Get PDFThe objective of the present study was to obtain good populations of Oreochromis niloticus based on their growth performances. Four populations, i.e GIFT-6, Tempe, Local, and GIFT-3 were used in this study. Sixteen 16 cages laid in four earthen ponds in the Cijeruk Research Installation, Bogor, were used as replication. The results showed that there were no significant difference among four populations for biomass, but a significant difference among populations was observed on length parameter (F < 0.01),in which the local population was the best
Pengaruh Alkalinitas terhadap kelangsungan Hidup dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Lalawak (Barbodes sp.)
Get PDFThis experiment was conducted to determine the effect of alkalinity on the survival rate and daily growth rate of Barbodes sp. The fish were reared in 12 aquariums with four different levels of alkalinity, i.e. 48, 78, 108 and 138 ppm. Each aquarium was filled with 10 fish of 12.25 to 12.64 gram in average body weight. The treatments were applied for 75 days. During the experiment, the fish were given commercial diet (pellet) of 5% rate of biomass weight at the frequency of three times a day. The results showed that the survival rate for all treatments was 100%, and the alkalinity suited for daily growth rate of fish lalawak was 78 ppm of CaCO3
Pengaruh Inokulasi Jamur Mikoriza Arbuskular Terhadap Penyakit Busuk Pelepah Pada Jagung Di Lapangan
Get PDFSheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the important diseases in corn. A study on the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in controlling sheath blight disease was conducted at pilot project scale in Jambangan Village, Malang District. Three-replicated treatments were arranged in a split-split plot design. The results showed that highest attack intensity occured at treatments without inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The mean of attack intensity for Wisanggeni variety was 70,05%, while that for GM 30 line was 73,79%. The attack intensity at Wisanggeni variety inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was 45.39% to 49.46%, while that at GM 30 line was 47.52% to 56.12%. The infection of sheath blight disease reduced the production in terms of knob part and seed weight even though the plant was inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of Glomus sp. or Acaulospora mellea. The reduction of knob weight at Wisanggeni variety was 14.2% to 15.0% and that of seed weight was 21.4% to 23,0%. At GM 30 line the reduction of knob part was 12.0% to 17.2%, while that of seed weight was 19.1% to 20.4%
Penghambatan Pertumbuhan Populasi Mikroba Bentuk Filamen dengan Sistem Pengolahan Limbah Anaerobik-Aerobik
Get PDFBulking sludge is a common phenomenon in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), of which due to excessive growth of filamentous bacteria. Quantity and intensity of organic substrate loading, mode of reactor operation namely aerobic, frequency of anaerobic-aerobic phase determines species and population of filamentous bacteria. Poor organic substrate input and sludge only exposed with aerobic phase appeared to stimulate growth of filamentous bacteria 021 N and 041 N types, Sphaerotilus natans, Microthrix parvicella, Nostocoida limicola, Thiothrix sp. Nocardia group, Flexibacter sp., Beggiota sp. and Haliscomenobacter hydrossis. Increasing of organic loading and sludge exposed with frequent anaerobic-aerobic phase effectively suppressed excessive growth of Type 021 N, 041 N and Microthrix parvicella. Thus result is better in sludge sedimentation indicated by a decline sludge volume index (SVI)
Perilaku Tumbuh Kantong Semar (Nepenthes mirabilis Druce) di Habitat Alaminya, Taman Nasional Kutai, Kalimantan Timur
Get PDFNepenthes mirabilis has been widely known as an insectivorous plant species. A study on the growing behaviour of N. mirabilis in Teluk Kaba, Kutai National Park has been carried out. As many as approximately 840 individuals consisting of 307 rosettes and 533 mature plants were found. Variation in tendril’s position was observed in nine rosettes plants and in 22 mature plants. On the other hand, variations in leaf colour appeared in eight individuals. Variations in colour of pitcher and tendril were found in 17 individuals. The natural habitat of N. mirabilis was very specific, and it was also noted that 13 species were assosiated with this plant species. Further result will be discussed in this paper
Beberapa Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kontaminasi Mikroorganisme pada Jamu Gendong Di Kota Semarang
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to know some factors related to microbial contamination in herbal medicine products at Semarang City. This study was conducted by descriptive method employing cross sectional design in which samples were taken by purposive random sampling. The results showed that Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified. The number of fungi exceeded the standard indicating that 62.5% of the herbal medicines surveyed did not meet the required standard of Kepmenkes no. 661/Menkes/SK/VII/1994. The relationship between the quality of herbal row material, processing, and serving to the microbial contamination in herbal medicine products was observed
Model Pendugaan Biomassa Vegetasi Mangrove di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Riau
Get PDFIndragiri Hilir mangrove forest is a type of one which is influenced by sea water tide, freshwater, soil texture, and salinity. The diversity of flora and fauna in the mangrove forest is relatively higher than that of many others in Indonesia. The potential vegetation is dominated by Bruguiera spp., Rhizophora spp., Avicennia spp., and Soneratia spp. This study was aimed to (1) determine biomass potential in Indragiri Hilir mangrove forest and (2) develop estimation model on the mangrove biomass with diameter of stem. The results showed that biomass potential of Rhizophora apiculata was 536.4 to 2,333.0 kg/tree, R. mucronata was 376.0 to 900.5 kg/tree, and Bruguiera spp. was 328.0 to 546.0 kg/tres. Estimation model on biomass of Bruguiera were 0.9450903501 D1.865827743 for stem biomass and 10.11259103 D 1.30096243 for total biomass, while those of R. apiculata were 0.2109981916 D 2.453342882 for stem biomass and 0.7574460068 D 2.232516567 for total biomass
Transfer Gen Penanda Pada Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) CV Panda dan Atlantik dengan Bantuan Agrobacterium
Get PDFThis research was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of marker gene transfer of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) explant tissues, which were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 carrying binary vector pBI121. Nodes and leaf segments from shoot cultures of Panda and Atlantic cultivars were used as explants. The marker gene transfer procedure was initiated with explant pre-conditioning, followed with co-cultivating and selecting of putative transformant cells. Explants were pre-conditioned over-night in callus induction medium containing basal medium of MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) supplemented with 5 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 0.1 mg/l benzyl adenine. After 10 min. inoculation in A. tumefaciens suspension, explants were co-cultivated for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days. After co-cultivation, explant tissues were placed on callus induction medium added with 150 mg/l kanamycin. Successful marker gene transfer was calculated as the percentage of total explants producing callus on selection medium. Results showed that more co-cultivated nodal explants became resistant to kanamycin than co-cultivated leaf explants. The highest efficiency of transformation (45%) of nodal explants was observed in Panda cultivar whereas that in Atlantik was only 30%. The most efficient transformation of leaf explants was observed in Panda cultivar (20%) whereas that in Atlantik was15%. The PCR analysis detected the presence of NPTII gene in transgenic tissues