Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal
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Profil Avifauna dalam Ekosistem Urban Kota Denpasar
Get PDFThe objective of this survey was to estimate species richness and abundance of avifauna in several main habitats in urban ecosystem at Denpasar City. For these purposes 18 urban areas consisting of three types of habitats, i.e. mangrove forest, rice field, and city parks (including garden and shrub) were selected. The point count method was applied to observe birds with three-time observation in the respective urban area. Thirty-six species of birds were recorded and seven bird species were met once with one individual only. Based on Jackknife index, probably 43 bird species have been living in urban ecosystem at Denpasar City. There were five species belonging to common birds yellow-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus goiaver), spotted dove (Streptophelia chinensis), bar-winged prinia (Prinia familiaris), scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata), and olive-backed sunbird (Nectaria jugularis) which tend to live in all types of urban areas. Variance analysis showed that both Simpson (F2:17=6.330;P=0.010) and Shannon-Wiener (F2:17=12.870;P=0.001) diversity indeces of birds in mangrove forest were significantly different from those in rice field and city park. Profil of avifauna in mangrove forest is better than that in rice field and city parks
Budidaya Ikan Kerapu (Serranidae) pada Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA)
Get PDFGroupers are commercial fish belonging to Serranidae family. Some species such as barramundi cod (Cromileptes altivelis) and flowery cod (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) have been cultured in floating net cages. This study was carried out to determine the growth rate in terms of length and weight of both species as well as water quality of coastal Kombal Bay, West Pemenang Village, West Lombok. The results showed that the growth rate of both species was approximately the same as each other. Nevertheless, the weight increase of flowery cod seemed to be slightly faster than that of barramundi cod. Water quality in the location of the fish culture supported sufficiently the growth of both grouper species
Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Daun Nimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to find out the effect of neem leaf extract (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) on the growth medium of tomato plant toward fusarial wilt and to determine effective concentration and time of application of the extract to control the wilt. Experiments arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed for in vitro antimicrobial assay and in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) for in planta antimicrobial assay, both of which were to find out the inhibitory effect of the extract on colony growth of Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht). f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyd. et Hans. (Fol). The results indicated that neem leaf extract concentration of 5% applied at 7 DAP (Day After Planting) was the most effective treatment in inhibiting disease intensity of fusarial wilt on tomato plant showing inhibitory effect of up to 89.32%
Pemacuan Pembungaan Tanaman Lengkeng (Euphoria longana Lam.) untuk Produksi Buah di Luar Musim
Get PDFThe objectives of this research were to analyze the effect of paclobutrazol and ethepon in substituting climate factors effect in flowering and fruiting processes of longan, to determine the application way and dozes of paclobutrazol, as well as the timing of ethepon application after paclobutrazol to stimulate ‘off-session’ longan fruiting. Three combined factors treatment namely: the way of paclobutrazol application (soil drench and foliar spray); dozes of paclobutrazol (control, 1 g, and 2 g paclobutrazol per tree); and the timing of ethepon application after paclobutrazol, were designed in randomized block design and applied at 20-30 years old longan trees, which were grouped into 3 group according to the amount of flushing twigs among all of the twigs in the whole canopy. Result of the research showed that specific climate conditions (2-3 months dry which was followed by temperature decrease until 15-22oC) as pre condition for the happening of natural flowering on longan might be substituted by paclobutrazol and ethepon. The application of 1 g paclobutrazol in foliar spray method, which was followed by application of 400 mg/l ethepon 1 month after paclobutrazol, might stimulated 20-30 years old longan trees, flowering 37.5 day after paclobutrazol application, while control trees did not flower until 120 days observation.The trees got foliar spray application way of paclobutrazol was induced after 29.8 DAPA, while the trees under soil drench were induced after 42.0 DAPA. Dozes 1 and 2 g paclobutrazol induced flowering after 15.9 and 16.9 DAPA, while control trees were induced after 74.8 DAPA. The fastest achieving time of the induction stage (17.7 DAPA) were shown in the trees under foliar spray application way of 1 g paclobutrazol which was followed by the application of 400 mg/l ethepon 1 month after paclobutrazol application (C2D1W1). Furthermore, the plants under the same treatment combination were differentiated faster (37.5 DAPA). The fastest induction and differentiation stage achieving time were strongly related to the highly of the leaf chlorophyll content (1.33 mg/l) as well as C/N ratio (9.67) which were the highest value in both of the variables. The average of the blossom achieving time was 52.3 DAPA. The differentiation and the blossom stage were shown only in the plants were in flushing condition, with 25-75% of flushing twigs. The decrease of twigs long addition parallel to the paclobutrazol dozes and vice versa to the ethepon application time. The faster the ethepon application time, the higher the twigs long addition. Finally, the result of the research showed that if the humidity of flowering and fruiting-plants canopy, as the result of paclobutrazol and ethepon application during the differentiation processes until ‘fruit set’ was keep protected, the retardant application in February (the middle of raining session in the research area) might supply longan fruits in June (the middle of dry session, when the longan fruits supply were very limited)
Metode Alternatif Penyimpanan Udang Segar dengan Nisin dari Lactococcus lactis sebagai Pengawet Alami
Get PDFNisin is a Lactococus lactis metabolite, one of natural preservatives against microbes. The antimicrobial inhibition is influenced by its concentration and contact time with the targeted microbes. The aim of the study was to know the concentration of L. lactis extract and optimal time of soaking the growing shrimp bacterial in refrigerator temperature for nine days. This study was conducted experimentally applying factorial design. The first factor was soaking duration, i.e. 0 minute (P0), 30 minutes (P1), 60 minutes (P2), and 90 minutes (P3), while the second factor was concentration levels of metabolite of L. lactis extract. The results showed that the metabolite has an inhibitory effect on shrimp bacterioal in dosed dependent way. The best performance of inhibition was detected at 60 minute-soaking duration
Peran Hormon Kortisol dalam Osmoregulasi Ikan Sidat, Anguilla bicolor, pada Lingkungan Bersalinitas
Get PDFThe osmoregulatory capacity of Anguilla bicolor in the sea water is influenced by hormonal activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to know the influence of cortisol on osmoregulation of the eel at the different levels of salinity medium. An experimental method with six treatments on randomized completely design was used in this study. The treatments were (1) fish acclimated at water salinity 15 ppt without hormone injection; (2) fish acclimated at water salinity of 30 ppt without hormone injection; (3) fish acclimated at water salinity of 15 ppt and injected with 4 µg cortisol/gr body weight; (4) fish acclimated at water salinity 15 ppt and injected with 8 µg cortisol/gr body weight; (5) fish aclimated at water salinity of 30 ppt and injected with 4 µg cortisol/g body weight; (6) fish acclimated at water salinity of 30 ppt and injected with 8 µg cortisol/g body weight. All of the treatments were replicated four times. Data were analyzed using One way ANOVA followed by Least Significant Difference. The results showed that the cortisol has significant effect (P.05) if the acclimation increased. Osmoregulatory capacity on medium of 15 ppt and 30 ppt were influenced by cortisol treatment at 6 hours acclimation (P.05). Water body content was not influenced by cortisol treatment (P>.05) at all medium acclimation. At six hour acclimation, treatment cortisol has significant difference (P.05) on treatment cortisol. Cortisol injection has no significant difference (P>.05) on plasma glucose on all medium and only on 7 days aclimation, the plasma glucose has significant difference (P<.05) after injected by cortisol. It could be concluded that cortisol treatment has a role on eel osmoregulation at early acclimation. Haematocrite account was also influenced by cortisol injection, but only at the early acclimation. Water body content, blood glucose and total body energy were not influenced by cortisol
Penelusuran Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Kulit Akar Tumbuhan Medang Seluang (Litsea spathulata) terhadap Bakteri Uji Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysentriae
Get PDFScreening for antibacterial activity from root bark of Litsea spathulata had been done. Antibacterial test on each fraction showed that hexane had the highest activity followed by ethyl acetate and methanol. Major compound from antibacterial active fraction had been isolated. Identification of this compound was carried out applying phytochemistry assay and spectroscopic methods, i.e. ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), and Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopic (GC-MS). Minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) value of the active fraction was 780 mg/mL to Escherichia coli and 860 mg/mL to Shigella dysentriae
Aplikasi Paklobutrazol dan KNO3 untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas dan Kuantitas Bunga Potong Anggrek Dendrobium ‘Sarifah Fatimah’
Get PDFA study on the effect of interactions between paclobutrazole and KNO3 application on the quality and quantity of Dendrobium ‘Sarifah Fatimah’ orchid cutflower was conducted. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) employing two factors, i.e. paclobutrazole doses (100, 150, 200 ppm) and KNO3 doses (100, 200, and 300 ppm), replicated three times respectively providing 27 experimental units. The results showed that paclobutrazole and KNO3 application had significant effect on the reproductive parameters. To accelarate flowering and higher quality and quantity of the flowers, paclobutrazole of 100 ppm were applied at 2 and 5 weeks after adaptation combined with KNO3 of 100 ppm applied twice at interval of 3 weeks after paclobutrazole application could be given.
Pengaruh Keberadaan Sistem Budidaya Ikan dalam Jaring Apung terhadap Tingkat Trofik Perairan Waduk Mrica Banjarnegara
Get PDFOrganic waste from aquaculture discharged into the aquatic ecosystem can cause negative impact of this water. The occurrence of one or more plankton blooming has a toxic to other aquatic organisms including fish cultured. The purpose of this research was to know the influence of floating nets fish farming to the trophic level of the Mrica Reservoir based on the diversity of plankton. This research used a survey method in three stations (1) inlet area (2) inside/near the location of the floating net (3) outlet area. The sampling was conducted 4 times during a month (August) with interval of a week. The major parameters were the concentration of nutrients (N dan P) and the abundance of plankton. The supporting parameters were the BOD, DO and carbon dioxide concentration, pH, temperature and light penetration. The t analysis was used to compare whether there was any difference of nutrients load among the stations. The diversity index was calculated to evaluate the quality of the ecosystem based on The Water Quality Standard followed by calculation of Saprobic Coefficient to know the trophic level of the ecosystem. The results of this research showed that the occurrence of floating nets fish farming resulted in the increased of nutrients load, and consequently the trophic level of this ecosystem is in b-meso/oligosaphrobik (light pollution). Ceratium sp dominated the Mrica Reservoir
Studi Perilaku, Palatabilitas Pakan dan Bentuk Sarang Kesukaan Gelatik Jawa (Padda oryzivora)
Get PDFA study was conducted to disclose the habit, food type palatability, and the nest type preference of gelatik jawa (Padda oryzivora). As many as 54 gelatik jawas from Surabaya, Malang, Ngawi, Bekasi, Karawang, Cirebon, Bogor, Semarang, Magelang, Yogyakarta and Prambanan were captured using soft nylon net and then caged for two weeks for adaptation. Each bird was given a ring to make it easier to identify. After the adaptation period, the birds were moved to a wider cage. Every day the habit and mating behaviour as well as the preference of food and nest were observed. The highest frequency of daily feeding (997.75 ± 72.23) and moving (795.50 ± 138.27); and the lowest frequency of daily self care (4.126 ± 138.27) and communicate (93.75 ± 7.59) were recorded at 08.00 – 10.00. Food palatability and preference over nest, habit, and biological clock of gelatik jawa could be the basis of ex-situ conservation. The monogamy character of gelatik jawa could also serve as the basis of ex-situ conservation that male and female in one cage must be in equal number