Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal
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Pengaruh Inokulasi Mikoriza VA Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.) Pada Tanah Marginal
Full text linkPenggunaan jamur mikoriza pada lahan marginal menjadi usaha rehabilitasi kualitas tanah. Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.) dipilih karena dapat bersimbiosis dengan fungi Glomus aggregatum untuk mendukung pertumbuhannya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui peran dari VAM terhadap pertumbuhan bawang Dayak dan kombinasi yang tepat untuk pertumbuhan bawang Dayak di media tanah marginal. Pada penelitian ini, tanaman ditumbuhkan selama tiga bulan di greenhouse. Parameter yang diteliti meliputi: tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat kering (umbi, tajuk dan akar), jumlah umbi, presentase kolonisasi mikoriza, serta jumlah spora. Panen dilakukan 2 kali pada minggu ke-6 dan minggu ke-12. Pengamatan kolonisasi struktur mikoriza pada akar tanaman dilakukan melalui teknik pewarnaan akar (staining). Pengamatan spora dilakukan melalui metode wet sieving and decanting. Hasil dianalisis menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktorial. Hasil menunjukan penggunaan Vesikular Arbuskular Mikoriza meningkatkan pertumbuhan Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr. yang ditanam pada tanah marginal. Presentase kolonisasi VAM tertinggi yaitu 94% dan jumlah spora 48% yang dihasilkan oleh perlakuan M2. Kombinasi M2+NPK efektif untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman pada tinggi tanaman (14%), jumlah daun (117%), berat kering tajuk (98%), berat kering akar (15%), berat kering umbi (65%
Penggunaan Asap Cair dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit untuk Pengendalian Jamur Phytophthora citrophthora secara In Vitro
Full text linkEfficacy of wood vinegar produced from empty fruit bunches (EFB) against Phytophthora citrophthora fungus was evaluated. The objective of the present work is to to evaluate antifungal properties of wood vinegar from EFB against P. citrophthora fungus. Three kinds of wood vinegar were used three temperatures i.e. 350, 400 and 450 °C. Efficacy of wood vinegar from EFB for antifungal is a factorial 3 by 4 in a completely randomized design; the first factor was pyrolysis temperature of wood vinegar from EFB (350, 400, and 450 °C) and the second factor was treatment of concentration of wood vinegar from EFB (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 %, v/v). The results showed that pyrolysis temperature effect of wood vinegar from EFB and concentration of wood vinegar were significantly different for inhibition of fungal growth. The highest inhibition was on wood vinegar for EFB with temperature pyrolysis of 450 °C and concentration of wood vinegar of 1% with average value of 100%
Faktor Risiko Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminth pada Perajin Batu Bata di Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Full text linkWorm infections are one of health problem in developing countries. The most infected worm parasite is the Soil-Transmitted Helminth group. The worm infected disease is generally associated with socioeconomic factors as well as clean and healthy living behaviour. Humans can be infected after ingesting food contaminated by worm eggs for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura or through skin penetration by hookworm infective larvae. The work type of brick making is closely related to STH infection because related to the soil as the main raw material of bricks. This study aims to determine the level of infection intensity, infection risk factors, and the main risk factors of STH infection in the brick maker in Central Java Province. This research is observational research using a cross-sectional design. The results of this study indicate that the degree of intensity of STH infection in brick maker in Central Java Province is categorized in mild infections with STH infecting worms, including Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Hookworm and mixed infection (Ascaris and Trichuris). Risk factors associated with STH infection in brick craftsmen in Central Java Province were knowledge of STH (OR: 4.7 in 95% CI 1.2 - 17.5; p = 0.022) and environmental Sanitation (OR: 7, 3 95% CI 1.9 - 27.5; p = 0.002). The main risk factor that has the most influence on STH infection in brick craftsman in Central Java Province is environmental sanitation (OR: 5,7 95% CI 1,5 - 22,0; p: 0,012)
Biodiversitas Vegetasi Mangrove di Kecamatan Concong Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Provinsi Riau
Full text linkMangrove ecosystems have a vital role in environmental sustainability, especially in coastal areas. It is necessary to calculate the biodiversity of mangrove vegetation in Concong District, Indragiri Hilir Regency. The aim is to find out the types and levels of biodiversity of mangrove vegetation in Concong District, Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. The method used in the survey is the transect plot. The research sample was taken from 5 (five) villages and 1 (one) village in Concong District. Each village and village were made of 2 transects. Each transect is made of 3 plots. The plot size used is 20x20 meters at the tree level. The total number of plots was 36 plots. Data were analyzed using the Biodiversity Index using the Shannon Winner formula. The results obtained 14 types of mangrove vegetation into six families, namely Avicenniaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Arecaceae, Sonneratiaceae, and Meliaceae. Six species out of the 14 total species found in Concong District are dominated by the Rhizophotaceae family. The biodiversity index value obtained from the distribution of mangrove vegetation in five villages and one kelurahan is 2.03. The resulting biodiversity index value indicates the level of biodiversity of mangrove vegetation in Concong District is in the medium category. This condition is possible because there has been damage and exploitation of mangrove vegetation continuously without proper management
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Etanol dan Waktu Maserasi terhadap Rendemen, Kadar Total Fenol dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Rumput Laut Padina australis
Full text linkPadina australis seaweed is known to contain active compounds that can be utilized in pharmaceutics and cosmetics. Ethanol concentration and maceration time are thought to affect the concentration of active compounds in the extract. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol concentration and maceration time on yield, antioxidant activity, and the total phenol content (TPC). Seaweed samples were taken from Binuangeun waters, Lebak-Banten. Extraction was conducted by maceration method using 0, 40, and 80 % (v/v) ethanol for 8, 16, and 24 hours. Antioxidant activity was carried out using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test, while the TPC was determined by colorimetry method using FolinCiocalteu reagent. The results showed that the highest extract yield was obtained when using 40 % ethanol and 16 hours maceration time, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained when using 80 % ethanol and 24 hours maceration time, while the highest TPC was obtained when using 40 % ethanol and 8 hours maceration time. Based on this research, the best antioxidant activity of extract was obtained when maceration used 80 % ethanol with a 24-hour maceration time
Produktivitas Panen Propolis Mentah Lebah Trigona itama Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Menggunakan Propolis Trap dan Manipulasi Lingkungan di Riau
Full text linkTrigona itama is one species of stingless honeybees that produce more propolis than genus Apis and commonly practiced in Riau. Nowadays, the value of raw propolis is very expensive. However, techniques and methods to obtain propolis from T. itama`s were usually conducted by destroying nests that resulted in declining development and caused absconding. The objectives of this study were (1) to know the effectivity of propolis trap on T. itama box hive and (2) to examine the best manipulation technique of vegetation rotations of nectareous, pollen, and resin plants to stimulate the formation of raw propolis. Factorial Randomized Completly Design with two factors (the type of box and nectareous plant rotation schedule) was used as experimental design. Results showed that there was no significant interaction between the rotation techniques of nectareous plants and the type of propolis traps on raw propolis production. Also, by using strimin wire either on the side or on the top of box hive as propolis trap had significant value (37.20 ± 1.38 gram and 34.97±0.80 gram respectively) compared to plastic mica either on the side or top side (14.77 ± 0.16 and 12.80 ± 0.64 gram respectively). Yet, there is no significant effect of nectareous plants` (Shorea sp.) duration on the production of raw propolis
Penilaian Kondisi Kesehatan Ekosistem Mangrove di Ayau dan Ayau Kepulauan, Kabupaten Raja Ampat
Full text linkDespite their rather universal distribution in tropical inter-tidal coastal area, mangrove has been identified driven by some physical, chemical and biological factors which might vary one to another site. Muddy waters, sufficient freshwater supply, high tidal inundation were few factors that commonly correlated with an ideal mangrove growth. Ayau Islands, a group of several small islands in the Raja Ampat Islands regency West Papua, however, could be an example of how mangrove was closely interconnected to another tropical coastal ecosystem. The purpose of the study has assessed the health of mangrove ecosystems in Ayau and Ayau Islands. A purposive sampling method was applied for this study, two stations were designated in Kanober Island and one station in Dorekar Island. Three replication sampling plots of 10m x 10m has lied on each station and data were collected following a mangrove monitoring manual. The result showed at least eight major species, two minor species and 23 association of mangrove components were found in the study site. In general the vegetation in a good condition with a high canopy cover
Kerusakan Histologi Insang Ikan Sapu-sapu (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) setelah Paparan Merkuri (HgCl2)
Full text linkMercury is a heavy metal that can undergo biomagnification in the tissue of aquatic organisms, including accumulating in the gills of fish. The main accumulation of mercury occurs in organisms that live in polluted waters, one of which is the suckermouth cat fish (Pterygoplichtys pardalis). The purpose of this study was to determine the histological damage of Pterygoplichtys pardalis gills against mercury (HgCl2) exposure. This study used a Completely Randomized Design consisting of six treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of control; 0.01 0.02; 0.04; 0.08; 0.16 ppm HgCl2 concentration. The results of the study obtained forms of gill damage in the form of edema, hyperplasia, lamella fusion and epithelial lifting. The highest level of damage occurred at 0.16 ppm HgCl2 concentration in the form of a reduction in secondary lamella structure. Exposure to mercury causes damage to P. pardalis fish gill
Morfologi Jenis Tembelekan (Lantana camara L.) di Beberapa Wilayah Kepulauan Buton
Full text linkTembelekan (Lantana camara L.) is an upright or semi-climbing shrub with a distinctive odor which is native to tropical and sub-tropical regions. This plant has many variations. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological diversity of tembelekan using field observation methods in Buton, Central Buton, and South Buton Districts. The characterization process was carried out at the Integrated Laboratory of the Muhammadiyah University of Buton. The results of the observations were analyzed qualitatively by comparing the characters between individuals. The results showed that there were two groups of tembelekan in the Buton Islands, namely the orange and pink flowering groups. The orange flowering group has ovate leaf shape, coarse-hairy leaf surface, acute leaf apice, acuminate leaf base, serrate leaf margin, longer leaf size than the pink group, sepal is almost identical in size, orange flower group has fewer corolla than pink flower group. While the pink flowering group has deltoid leaf shape, coarse-hairy leaf surface, acuminate leaf tip, acuminate leaf base, serrated leaf margin, different sepal sizes and magenta flower color. It can be concluded that the two groups of tembelekan have differences in leaf shape, leaf tip, leaf length, sepal size, number and color of the corolla
Analisis Vegetasi Pulau-Pulau Kecil di Kecamatan Sekotong, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat
Full text linkThe rise of tourism development has increased the exploitation of natural resources and the increasing pressure on the environment on small island groups in West Nusa Tenggara, some of which are Gili Nanggu, Gili Sudak, and Gili Tangkong. The lack of attention to natural resources environmental preservation of small islands that are vulnerable to environmental changes, the purpose of the study was to determine the structure, species abundance, and differences in vegetation conditions on these islands. The technique used in vegetation analysis was a purposive sampling method, with a sampling intensity of 5% of each island area. The data obtained in the form of frequency, density, dominance, diversity index, index of important values (IVI), index of evenness, and wealth index, as well as a comparison test. On these islands were found 22 plant species belong to 13 families. The diversity index (H’) of vegetation types in Gili Nanggu, Gili Sudak and Gili Tangkong showed low to moderate categories. Species richness (R1) show a low category. Evenness (E) shows high, medium to low. According to a different test, there was no significant difference between the vegetation conditions in Gili Nanggu, Gili Sudak and Gili Tangkong