Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal
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Keanekaragaman Bakteri Tanah dari Teluk kodek Area, Pamenan Lombok Barat
Get PDFIndonesia is the center of the world's biodiversity with a unique biodiversity and priceless. To explore and get more information about biodiversity, strategic research was needed. The objective of this reseach was to explore the population diversity of soil microbes in Lombok Island. Bacterium isolates was identified by molecular 16S rDNA. Soil samples from 5 different sites in Lombok Island showed various bacteria population. The highest population 113 x 106 CFU/g soil was found in soil sample around Plumeria acuminata and the lowest 34 x 106CFU/g soil was found in soil sample around Tamarindus indica tree. Fourteen of isolates were identified using molecular identification with homology from 94 – 100%
Keanekaragaman Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera) pada Empat Tipe Habitat di Hutan Lindung Gunung Klabat, Sulawesi Utara
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to study the diversity of butterfly (Lepidoptera) in four habitat types in Mt Klabat protection forest, North Sulawesi. This research had been conducted over three months using a sweeping technique applied to follow the line transect length of 1000 meters at random in each habitat type (primary forest, secondary forest, gardens and shrubs). The results showed that there were 3 families namely Papilionidae, Nymphalidae and Pieridae, with the number of 29 species and 1014 individuals. The value of diversity based on Shannon and Wienner diversity index and the highest was found in the garden (H = 2,24) followed by shrubs (H = 2,12) and the lowest in secondary forests (H = 1,97). Based on the index Sorensen similarity (Cn) the composition of butterfly species found in primary forest has a high similarity value with secondary forest ((IS = 0,86), while the lowest among primary forest with garden (IS = 0,71). The result of This research is expected to be the basic data on butterfly diversity and effects of habitat changes on the diversity and distribution of butterfly in North Sulawes
Pengaruh Pemupukan terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Garut (Maranta arundinacea L.) di Bawah Naungan 50%
Get PDFA study on the effect of fertilizer on the growth of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) seedling under 50% shading was conducted in the Experimental Garden of Research Center for Biology-LIPI, Cibinong. The research was conducted with Factorial patterns in Randomized Completely Block Design with 2 factors and 5 replications. The first treatment was fertilizing with 2 levels of factors i.e. W1 = 1x fertilizing in the early of planting and W2 = 2x fertilizer (the early and 5 month age of seedling). The second treatment was the kinds of fertilizer with 5 levels of factors i.e. P1 = Control (without fertilizer), P2 = manure of goat dunk, P3 = manure of chicken dung, P4 = manure of cow dung, P5 = compost fertilizer. The result showed that two time application of manure of goat dung (P2) is the best for growing the arrowroot seedling (98.6 cm of plant height, 100 sheet of leaf number, and 8 clumps). The lowest data was seen at control with 1 time fertilizing i.e. 39.6 cm of plant height, 28 sheet of leaf number, but the clump is 3.2 more than the compost fertilizer (2.8 of clumps). This treatment was also seen to increase the plant height adding of arrowroot seedling during observation. The frequency of fertilizer was significantly effect the growth of vegetative parts of plant, i.e. 2x fertilizer better than 1x fertilizer
Biosorpsi Krom pada Air Lindi Menggunakan Biomasa Sargassum cinereum
Get PDFLeachate is liquid resulted from decomposition of organic waste that contains dissolved and suspended materials as product of microorganism degradation. Leachate comprises high concentration of organic material and heayy metal. High concentration of heavy metal in leachate can be optimally reduced without decreasing organic material concentration through biosorption process. Biosorption is metal binding through adsorption using inactive or dead organism. This research is aimed to perceive the number of biomass, contact duration and combination of the number of biomass and contact duration to adsorb chrome in leachate. Research method employed in this research is experimental method arranged in accordance with Complete Random Design with Split Plot Design. The treatment experimented in this research is contact duration of Sargassum cinereum with leachate as main plot (1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours) and biomass S. cinereum as sub-plot (200 mg, 300 mg and 400 mg). Data is analyzed using range analysis (ANOVA) and followed by Test of Straight Actual Difference. The result shows that biomass S. cinereum is able to adsorp chrome in leachate. The number of chrome adsorbed in each treatment is different, depend on the contact duration and the number of biomass of S. cinereum.Three hours is optimum contact duration in adsorbing Cr up to 46,275%, meanwhile 400 mg of biomass S. cinereum is optimum concentration to adsorp Cr up to 46,536%. Combination of 3 hours contact duration and 400 mg of biomass S. cinereum could adsorb Cr up to 51,249%
Keanekaragaman, Persebaran dan Pemanfaatan Jenis-Jenis Anggrek (Orchidaceae) di Resort Citorek, Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun-Salak, Jawa Barat
Get PDFDiversity, distribution, and utilization of orchids have been studied on the mountains of Halimun-Salak National Park. Samples were taken from Citorek Resort with focused exploration on Citorek, Lebaktugu, Cinakem, Cibedug, and Ciawitali areas. The total,of 107 species belonging to 46 genera were recorded. As many as 27 species were recorded as javanese endemic species of Indonesian islands. Most species have no economic value and only a few orchids have been cultivated. The Calanthe, Cymbidium, Phaius and Renanthera have been used for cross breeding
Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Gulma Air untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Mikroalga Spirulina platensis pada Kultur Skala Laboratorium
Get PDFMicroalgae Spirulina platensis is good as natural food for fish. It consists of the highest protein, that is 70% of the dry weight. On the other hand, it can be used as alternative of healthy food and herbal medicine. To grow well, microalgae need enough nutrition. Another alternative use of the algae is for organic fertilizer. The fertilizer product can increase the income of the fishers, since it can change the useless into usefull things. In the first year, we produced fertilizer in the laboratory and natural food such as microalgae powder. In this research we used an experimental method with Splitplot Design and 3 replications for each treatment of combination of aquatic weeds by giving different concentration. The research result indicates that population growth of microalgae cells is sigmoid with a peak population at the sixth day after inoculation and Salvinia natans with extract concentration of 900 ppm showed the best production for biomass cell of Spirulina platensis
Studi Persebaran dan Pemanfaatan Gayam [Inocarpus fagifer (Parkinson ex Zollinger) Fosberg] di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Get PDFStudy on ‘Distribution and Utilization of gayam [Inocarpus fagifer (Parkinson ex Zollinger) Fosberg] on several locations in Special Territory of Yogyakarta (DIY)’ was carried out from 15 until 20 September 2010. The method of this study was Purposive Random sampling and interview with local communities. The results showed that the DIY provincy was location of natural distribution of gayam. The population of gayam from each location is different, depend on soil condition and communities activities. The communities in Bantul, Sleman and Kulon Progo regencies have conserved gayam, with maintenanced gayam seedling which grew under gayam tree. Gayam grow well in sandy loam soil and silty loam soil with pH from acid till neutral. Generally this plant grow in moisture soil i.e. near water resource, a long of river bank and cannal. The chemical content of gayam seed consist of 74.87% carbohydrate, 11.63% protein, and 2.15% fat. The seed from Banjar Asri, Kulon Progo have the highest of carbohydrat (77.70%) from fresh fruit. Gayam is multipurpuse plant i.e. food, fodder, fuel wood, erosion control, herbal pesticides, and habitat for bird and bet
Diversitas Species Tumbuhan Paku Hias dalam Upaya Melestarikan Sumberdaya Hayati Kebun Raya Baturraden
Get PDFBaturraden Botanical Garden is a complex ecosystem. Its natural resources, including several species of fern, provide an opportunity to be managed sustainably so it can be used to fulfill a long term of public need. This research was aimed to know the diversity of fern species and its potential as ornamental plants. The research was using survey method. The data was analyzed using descriptive comparative analysis. Species identification was performed by comparing the samples with herbarium specimens and also using identification keys. During the observation, 26 species of fern were found, which is consisted of 14 terrestrial species and 12 epiphyte species. Nephrolepis bisserata (Sw.) Schott. was terrestrial species with highest individual number and widest dispersion, whereas terrestrial species with smallest individual number and the narrowest distribution was Blechnum orientale Linn. Epiphytic fern species with highest individual number and widest dispersion was Nephrolepis falcata (Cap.) C. Chr., whereas epiphytic species with smallest individual number and narrowest distribution was Davallia triphylla Hk. From 26 fern species which were found at Baturraden Botanical Garden, 22 fern species were potential as ornamental plant which can be grew up either on land, pot or on host plant
Kinetika Enzim Nitrilase Dari Sel Utuh Rhodococcus spp Pada Biotransformasi Mandelonitril
Get PDFRhodococcus spp can be used as mandelonitrile substrate for carbon and nitrogen source in life cycle of metabolism. They have potential of activity biotransformation for produced (R/S)-mandelic acid from mandelonitrile. (R/S)-mandelic acid is an important biotransformation product for production of pharmaceuticals such as semisynthetic penicillins, cephalosporins, antitumor agents, antiobesity agents and antiinflamation agents. This research was conducted to determine the enzyme kinetics (Km and Vmax) of nitrilase from Rhodococcus TPIK, LP3, GLB5 (induction acetonitrile 1000 mM - mandelonitrile 100 mM) with florometric methods, spectrophotometer analysis (λ = 413 nm). This research was carried out by assaying nitrilase enzyme activities in various concentration of mandelonitrile subtrates which were between 10 mM – 100 mM with 10 mM interval. The result showed that the enzyme kinetics of nitrilase from Rhodococcus TPIK (Km was 72.303 mM and Vmax was 2.075 mM/ml cell/minute), Rhodococcus LP3 (Km was 47.048 mM and Vmax was 1.942 mM/ml cell/minute), Rhodococcus GLB5 (Km was 34.375 mM and Vmax was 2.083 mM/ml cell/minute). Nitrilase enzyme from Rhodococcus GLB5 have smallest Km value. So we can interpretationed, this enzyme have good complexity Enzyme-Substrate, high affinity with substrate, and high speed reaction for forms product mandelic acid
Kualitas Perairan di Selat Makassar Ditinjau dari Aspek Bakteriologi
Get PDFMakassar strait is one of the important and strategic straits in Indonesia as it constitutes interislands and international sealanes. Its water condition is under the influence of both Kalimantan and Sulawesi islands, so that the dynamics in the region of marine and coastal environment becomes more complex. A study on water quality of bacteriological points of view in Makassar strait was conducted in October 2003. Seawater and sediment samples were collected by using the Research Vessel Baruna Jaya VIII at 16 stations. The aims of this study is to find out the water quality based on the contents of coliform bcteria and pathogenic bacteria Salmonella and Vibrio. The analysis of coliform bacteria was conducted by using membrane filter technique, while the pathogenic bacteria Salmonella and Vibrio were cultivated in the specific media Selenith broth and TCBS agar. The results showed that coliform bacteria at the surface layers depth varied from 80– 824 CFU/100mL with an average of 245 CFU/100mL, while those at the middle layer varied from 0–60 CFU/100mL with an average of 23 CFU/100mL. Seven pathogenic bacteria were isolated from seawater sample, i.e. Citrobacter spp., Edwardsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Providencia spp., Shigella spp. and Vibrio spp, while eight pathogenic bacteria were obtained at sediment sample, i.e. Aeromonas spp., Citrobacter spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Providencia spp., Shigella spp., Yersenia spp. and Vibrio spp. These results indicated that coliform bacteria content in Makassar strait is under the threshold of Indonesian standard, i.e. Ministry Decree of Environment No: 51, 2004. Vibrio spp. was the pathogenic bacteria found both from seawater and sediment samples. In general, however, pathogenic bacteria was dominated by low pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, it can be concluded that from bacteriological point of view, water quality of Makassar strait is still relatively good