Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal
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Karakterisasi Ganoderma spp. di Kabupaten Banyumas dan Uji Peran Basidiospora dalam Siklus Penyakit Busuk Batang
Get PDFGanoderma sp., one of fungi belonged to the family Ganodermataceae, order of Aphyllophorales, class of Basidiomycetes is very widely spread. This fungus is a soil-borne, and has parasitic and saprophytic features which are interesting because of their two contradictory roles namely harmful and beneficial effects. As a plant parasite, Ganoderma is able to cause root and stem rot of tropical perennial crop plantation and forest which cause serious losses. The fungus is well known as white rot fungus which is able to cause a wood rotten by lignin destruction. On the contrary, the fungus has some advantages such as medical potentials. In this study, some collections and characterization of Ganoderma spp. found in Banyumas has been conducted. The technique used for sampling Ganoderma spp. mushroom is a survey with Purposive Random Sampling method. Samples were taken from nature in the area of Banyumas Regency and its natural substrate were noted. Characterization based on the macromorphology and micromorphology was done for grouping and identification. Micromorphology observations were done by slicing and painting samples with plants microtechnique method. The result showed that there were 43 Ganoderma spp isolates, distributed from low to high lands of 100 - 500 m above sea level. The most fungi were found on the high lands, in Baturraden sub district, which included 16 isolates. The interesting finding is the discovery of Ganoderma spp. which attacked flamboyant plant (Delonix regia) in West Purwokerto sub district. Based on micromorphology observations, these fungi form a basidium and basidiospore inside and below as well as the surface of the fruit body. Some species were also found having such phenomenon so it needs further research on the role of basidiospora in the cycle of stem rot disease, especially basidiospora role in the initiation of diseases infection. As the soil infecting mushroom, study of the disease spreading is focused more on the role of the mycelium found in the remaining plants as infecting the material. Basidiopore role in the spread of the disease is rarely studied, but actually basidiospore is a potential source of genetic variation
Induksi Pematangan Gonad dengan Ovaprim-C: untuk Penyediaan Benih Belut Sawah (Monopterus albus) Berkelanjutan
Get PDFRice eel (Monopterus albus Zuiew), have economical value is high in Banyumas, national to international markets, but rarely is grown intensively, the seed is still dependent on the catch. Reproduction of swamp eel unlike other fish species in the presence of phase teleostei intersex / hermafroditus and in nature only spawn once a year. This study will seek to accelerate the scale seed production with natural canvas with several techniques triggers lust and sex organ maturation eels based preparedness aspects of reproductive anatomy, hormones estradiol and testosterone profiles and the intrinsic need for hormonal regulation and the mechanism for the reproductive cycle of the eel rice. In the first year aims to determine (1) the profile of estradiol and testosterone hormonal parent during the natural reproductive cycle, (2) histologic gonadogenesis (development of the testes and ovaries) eel rice during the natural reproductive cycle was evaluated by measuring fecundity. Results: In the control group, body weight gradually decreased during the study. Unlike the control group, the treatment groups were observed every two weeks showed an increase in body weight; Results of the study, in the control group (A0), the value of female eels GSI average of the first two weeks until the fourth two weeks is 0.67 % and 1.78%. While the treatment group A1 was 1.42% - 4.28% (DM-1 s / d DM-4), for the treatment A2 GSI average value is 2.52% - 7.05%; fecundity eggs increased during induction period; calibration titer two types of hormones in the first two weeks to the fourth two weeks showed improvement when compared with the control group; histological profile of rice eel gonad after induction of ovaprim-C show that up to the fourth two weeks, gonad has reached late-stage yolk globule (advanced primary oocyte), even the most mature oocyte has reached the stage: in male eels up to the fourth two weeks has reached the stage of spermatozo
Pertumbuhan dan Laju Sintasan Krablet Kepiting Bakau (Scyla serrata) dengan Pemberian Jenis Pakan Rucah yang Berbeda
Get PDFThe aim of this experiment was to find out information on suitable trash fish for the growth and survival rate of mud crabs (Scyla serrata). The research was conducted in Marana Brackishwater pond research station of the Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture, Maros, South Sulawesi for 28 days. Twelve aquaria of 60 x 40 x 40 cm3 were used in this experiment using Completely Randomized Design. Treatments tested were four differents species of trash fishes i.e. A; sibula (Sardinella sp), B; tembang (Clupea sp), C; Anchovy (Stolephorus sp) and D; Tilapia (Tilapia mosambica), each with three replications. Twentyfive pieces of crablets of 5,9 + 0,2 mm in carapace width and 0,06 + 0,02 g in body weigth were stocked in each aquarium. Crablets were then fed with trash fish with the dosage of 15% of total biomass per days given twice a day. The results showed that the growth of crablets fed with tilapia was the best trash fish (P>0.05), among the treatments which were tested. The use of other fishes were not significantly different (P>0.05) on the crablet growth
Uji Mikrobiologis dan Organoleptik Jus Tomat Hasil Fermentasi Lactobacillus plantarum dan Lactobacillus delbruekii sebagai Functional Food dengan Konsentrasi Starter Berbeda
Get PDFTomato juice can be used as an alternative health drinks readily accepted by society because it tastes good and refreshing, affordable and beneficial to health because contain high nutritional content. Fermentation in this study using a mixed culture of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbruekii isolated from fruits and vegetables pickle. The accuracy of starter concentration is one of the factors that affect the quality of a product of fermented beverages. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of mixed cultures of L. plantarum and L. delbruekii in tomato juice to ferment with different starter concentrations (0%, 5%, 6%, 7% and 8%), and to know best starter concentration that can produce the highest levels of lactic acid fermentation of tomato juice. The results showed that tomato juice fermented LAB isolated from vegetables and fruits pickle resulted in a total lactic acid increased with increasing concentration of the starter during 6 hours incubation time ranging from 0.42% - 0.8%, the number of cell 1, 08 x 109 - 1.57 x 109 cfu/ml, medium pH values ranged from 4.03 - 4.16 units, as well as reduction sugar content between 2.78% - 13.07%. These results were supported also by results of organoleptic test by a score of taste 3.05 (acid), score of aroma 2.75 (sharp), score of color 3.95 (red-yellow) and score of predilection level 2.30 (rather like)
Dekolorisasi Beberapa Macam Limbah Cair Batik menggunakan Limbah Baglog Pleurotus ostreatus dengan Waktu Inkubasi Berbeda
Get PDFLiquid waste of batik is dyes waste that will pollute the environment, lowers the quality of water and are toxic to living things. Spent mushroom of Pleurotus ostreatus can be used as an alternative method decolorize of batik liquid waste. The research aimed to determine the spent mushroom of P. ostreatus ability as an absorbent of Zn and decolorize agent of batik waste, i.e: napthol, indigosol and mixed waste. This research used experimental methods in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 9 treatments and 3 replicates. The results showed that the spent mushroom P. ostreatus was able to decolorizing some liquid waste of batik. Optimum incubation time on the decolorization liquid waste of batik on incubation time of 72 hours
Distribusi Geografis Tungau Parasit Nyamuk Aedes Sp. di Daerah Endemis Demam Berdarah Dengue di Propinsi Jawa Tengah
Get PDFThe geographical distribution patterns of parasitic mites determine the types of parasitic mites that should be developed in these endemic geographical regions. Types of parasitic mites and the patterns of geographic distribution of parasitic mites of Aedes sp. in dengue endemic areas in Central Java Province have not been determined yet. The purpose of this research was to determine the parasitic mite and geographical distribution patterns in dengue endemic areas in Central Java Province. All stages of the experiment were conducted by using a survey method with random sampling technique. Sampling area for Semarang City included the counties of Central Semarang and Tembalang, whereas for Banjarnegara including the villages of Krandegan, Kutabanjar, Parakancanggah, and Sokanandi, and the county of Karanganyar City, Karanganyar. Larvae, pupae and adult stages of Aedes mosquitoes. were sampled during the rainy season. Types of parasitic mites were identified using Walter & Proctor (1999), Pesic (2003) and Gerecke (2004) references. The average value and variance were analyzed for the number of each stage to determine the geographic distribution pattern of parasitic mites. The infection ability was determined by the average intensity of parasitic mites and the prevalence value. The results demonstrated that the families of parasitic mites that infect the larvae of Aedes sp. in dengue endemic areas in Central Java Province were Pionidae 1, Histiostomatidae, Hydryphantidae, Hydrachnidae 1, Arrenuridae, Hydrachnidae 2 and Pionidae 2. Based on the frequency of occurrence, prevalence and the ability to infect, it was concluded that family Histostomatidae is a potential candidate for biocontrol agent of Aedes sp larvae. The distribution pattern of parasitic mite families in endemic areas of dengue fever in Central Java Province, showed a random distribution pattern
Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida albicans secara in vitro
Get PDFAntifungal activity of the ethanol extract of bay-leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) against growth of the fungus Candida albicans in vitro has been conducted. Leaves of S. polyanthum has been known to have potential as antifungal for skin fungal pathogen. This study aims to determine antifungal activity of the ethanol extract of S. polyanthum leaves against growth of C. albicans. Activity test was done by disc-diffusion method and macro-dilution. This study used concentrations of ethanol leaf extract of S. polyanthum of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% (w/v). Negative control using 1% DMSO and positive controls using ketoconazole 30 mg/mL. The results shows that ethanol extract of leaves of S. polyanthum have activity as an antifungal. Ethanol extract of leaves of S. polyanthum based on the results of GCMS analysis of compounds containing chemical compounds such as terpenoids and fatty acids. Ethanol extract of leaves of S. polyanthum showed the highest inhibition zone diameter at a concentration of 1% (w/v) of 9.32 ± 0.21 mm. Value of Minimum inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for ethanol leaf extract of S. polyanthum present in a concentration of 0.5% (w/v) and the value of Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) present in a concentration of 1% (w/v)
Adsorpsi Zn dan Dekolorisasi Limbah Batik Menggunakan Limbah Baglog Pleurotus ostreatus dengan Sistem Inkubasi dan Volume Limbah Batik Berbeda
Get PDFBatik industry is one of the traditional textile industry in Indonesia which produce wastewater. Pollutants that contained in wastewater such as heavy metal and dyes. White rot fungi (Pleurotus ostreatus) from spent mushroom known can adsorb heavy metal and can decolorize dyes in wastewater. Spent mushroom have potential as an adsorbent because it still contains mycelium and cellulose. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of incubation system and volume of waste batik for adsorption Zn and decolorization by spent mushroom of P. ostreatus and the most optimal treatment adsorb Zn and decolorize waste batik. This research used experimental methods in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a split plot design. The main parameters observed were the value is the level of metal Zn and absorbance of waste batik. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (F test) then proceed with a test of Honestly Significant Difference with an error rate of 1% and 5%. The result is spent mushroom of P. ostreatus able to adsorb Zn and to decolorize waste batik. The highest Zn adsorption is J2S treatment (62,406%) that was contained 75 ml indigosol green at static incubation. The highest decolorization is J1S treatment (77,991%) that was contained 50 ml indigosol green at static incubation
Perilaku Harian Rusa tutul (Axis-axis) di Kawasan Industri Pt Kujang Cikampek Jawa Barat
Get PDFA study entitled daily spotted deer (Axis-axis) Behavior in the PT Kujang Cikampek Industrial Area of West Java” wa aimed to determine the daily bahaviour and types of vegetation as habitat for spotted deer in PT Kujang Cikampek West Java. The study was conducted by using survey methods, daily behavioural observations were made by the Scan sampling and Time sampling method. The vegetation data were collected by census method. Five individual of the spotted deers in the Industrial Area of PT Kujang Cikampek were captured and classified by age and sex distribution. The result showed the highest activity is performed either in the feeding behavior for the breeding region is 45,67%. While the average breeding area of 1b eating behavior was 46,26%. The pattern of eating behavior the most performed is grazing and the most preferred vegetation is grassland
Aktivitas dan Karakter Kitinase Isolat Trichoderma sp. W34 A4 Asal Kepulauan Raja Ampat Papua Barat
Get PDFThe study of chitinase activity was conducted on 13 selected fungal isolates Trichoderma sp. from Raja Ampat, West Papua and Mount Bromo, East Java. The result showed that fungal isolate Trichoderma sp. W34 A4 isolated from Raja Ampat has the highest chitinase activity (14.3 x10-3 U/ml). The highest chitinase was produced by Trichoderma sp. W34 A4 grown on the media containing colloidal chitin (1%), polypepton (0.1%), KH2PO4 (0.1%) and MgSO4.7H2O (0.05%) for 2 days of incubation. Those isolates produced high chitinase with initial pH range 3.0-8.0 and levels of colloidal chitin between 0.2% -2.0%. Chitinase of Trichoderma sp. W34 A4 has optimal activity at pH 5.0 and in temperature 45 °C. Chitinase from those isolate stable at a wide pH range but it is not stable to the high temperatures