Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal
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Karakterisasi Molekuler Ikan Gurami Soang (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) berbeda uuran menggunakan Pcr-Rflp Gen Sitokrom C Oksidase 1
No full textGourami (Osprhronemus goramy Lac.) is a freshwater fish that is widely cultivated in Indonesia, particularly by fish farmer in Java. Soang strain has a faster growth rate than other strains. However, the fry that derived from a single cohort (generated from a single spawning) shows various sizes even in the same age because they have different growth rate. Differences in growth rate may occur due to differences in metabolic capabilities especially cellular respiration. Different rate of respiration can be assumed to be due to differences in the genetic component, especially on their cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (CO1). Therefore this study aimed to determine whether there are differences in PCR-RFLP marker CO1 gene among different sizes of gourami soang strain from the same cohort so that can be used to analyze genetic diversity. This study used survey method by applying purposive random sampling. Four restriction enzymes were used during the research. Molecular characters were defined descriptively based on the appearance of restriction fragment on agarose gel. The result showed that soang strain which used in this study had monomorphics allele on their CO1-HindIII. PstI, BamHI, and EcoRI, could not cut the PCR products and results no RFLP markers. So that genetic variation in the used CO1 gene fragment could not be detected using HindIII, Pst1, BamH1 and EcoR1 enzymes. The three different sizes of soang strain had similar alleles or homozygous, meaning that heterozigocity value was 0 (zero). Therefore, the CO1 gene in this study could not be used as molecular character to differentiate different sizes of gourami soang strain from the same cohort
Keragaman dan Produktivitas Hijauan Pakan Indigenous pada Berbagai Tingkat Kerapatan Vegetasi di Pegunungan Kapur Gombong Selatan
Get PDFResearch aims to conduct diversity and productivity of indigenous forage in different levels vegetation density in Gombong-Selatan karst mountain. We used survey method to explain the research by sampled three location of vegetation density, they are moderate, high, and very high. In each location vegetation density we take five parts by using random sampling. Then, a descriptive technique is used to analyzed the indigenous forage diversity data result whereas variance analysis is used to analyzed the productivity.The results shows the highest diversity of indigenous forage in Gombong-Selatan karst mountain is in moderate vegetation density area where has 36 species, high vegetation density has 20 species, and the highest vegetation density has 16 species. Eragrotis amabillis, Oplismenus burmannii, Centrosema pubescens, Ageratum conyzoides and Urena lobata are the dominant indegenous forage species in Gombong-Selatan karst mountain. The variances result shows that indigenous forage productivity in Gombong Selatan karst mountain is influenced by vegetation density. We found that lowest productivity is in high vegetation density
Aktivitas Immunodulator Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) terhadap Respon Imun Non Spesifik pada Mencit Jantan Galur BALB/C dengan Metode Carbon Clearance
Get PDFThe content of flavonoids on onion useful to maintain endurance. This research aims to know the activity of exstract immunodulator of onion bulb ethanol (Allium cepa L) on phagocytic activity in male mice balb/c with varian dose and campored immunodulator activity with positive control. This study is an experimental reseach with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Preparation of extract ethanol onion roots done by maceration using 96% ethanol for 9 hours. The test performed on samples which consist of 25 mice with carbon clearance method, devided into 5 groups, which are : K – (without treatment), k+ (with imboos 13,3 ml/Kg Bw), P1 (dose 12%), P2 (dose 24%), and P3 (dose 48%). The test performed for 5 days, and on the 7th day injected carbon (pelicans) as much 0,1 ml/ 10 gr Weight intravenousty, their blood taken before carbon injection (minute 0) and minute 4, 8, 12, and 16. After their transmittance measure using spectrophotometer at 600,5 nm wavelength. This research shows that extract ethanol of onion balb has immunodulator activity effect on non-specific immune response on male mice balb/c with carbon clearance method. The dose of 12% (v/v), 24% (v/v) and 48% (v/v) dose have lower immunostimulatory capacity than positive control
Prevalensi Mikrofilaria pada Nyamuk Culex dan Manusia di Desa Dukuhturi, Kecamatan Bumiayu, Kabupaten Brebes
Get PDFFilariasis atau penyakit kaki gajah merupakan salah satu penyakit tular vektor yang disebabkan oleh cacing filaria yang hidup dalam kelenjar limfa dan saluran limfa manusia. Filariasis limfatik yang disebabkan Wuchereria bancrofti mendominasi hampir 90% infeksi di dunia. Di daerah perkotaan, filariasis bancrofti ditularkan oleh nyamuk Culex. Berdasarkan database kesehatan per Provinsi, jumlah penderita filariasis di Jawa Tegah dari tahun 2011 sampai 2014 tidak mengalami penurunan. Berdasarkan Profil kesehatan Kab/Kota 2014, di Kabupaten Brebes terdapat 23 kasus filariasis. Salah satu kasus filariasis tersebut ditemukan di Desa Dukuhturi, Kecamatan Bumiayu, Kabupaten Brebes. Survei mengenai filariasis belum pernah dilakukan di desa tersebut, oleh karena itu dilakukan survei terhadap darah tepi penduduk Desa Dukuhturi dan nyamuk Culex sp. sebagai vektornya. Nyamuk Culex sp. dapat berpotensi sebagai vektor filariasis jika ditemukan mikrofilaria di dalam tubuh nyamuk dan nyamuk pernah menghisap darah manusia, yang dapat diketahui dengan adanya kondisi parous (pernah bertelur) pada ovarium nyamuk. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui parity rate nyamuk Culex sp., prevalensi nyamuk Culex sp. yang terinfeksi mikrofilaria, prevalensi penduduk Desa Dukuhturi yang terinfeksi mikrofilaria, dan kepadatan mikrofilaria pada penduduk yang terinfeksi mikrofilaria.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode survei dengan pengambilan sampel secara cluster random sampling. Pengambilan sampel darah tepi dilakukan berdasarkan ethical clearance dan informed concent. Data yang diperoleh ditabulasi kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan parousitas nyamuk, keberadaan mikrofilaria pada darah tepi manusia dan nyamuk di Desa Dukuhturi, serta kepadatan mikrofilaria pada sampel darah tepi yang terinfeksi mikrofilaria.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat parousitas nyamuk Culex sp. tinggi yaitu 94,45% tetapi prevalensi nyamuk Culex sp. dan penduduk Desa Dukuhturi yang terinfeksi mikrofilaria adalah 0%, sehingga kepadatan mikrofilaria adalah 0
Pengaruh Pemberian Mikoriza Vesikula Arbuskula (MVA) Campuran terhadap Kemunculan Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Melon (Cucumis melo L.)
Get PDFMelon (Cucumis melo L.) has economic potential to be cultivated because the fruit contains protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphor, fiber, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, and niacin. Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum will decrease melon crop production. One of controlling method to Fusarium wilt diseases on melon plants which safe for environtmental by using biological control. One of microorganisms which can be biological control agent is Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM). This research use experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The experimental treatment consists of two types of treatment which combine 5 doses of VAM mixture ( 0 g/plant, 10 g/plant, 12,5 g/plant, 15 g/plant, 17,5 g/plant) and two inoculation method VAM is inoculated when seeds are planted and inoculation when the seedlings are replanted. Each treatment was repeated 3 times and each unit consist of three plant, so there are 30 units of experiments or 90 plants. The main variabels are observed consist of the incubation periode of the disease and the intensity of fusarium wilt and the supporting variabels consist of pH, temperature, humidity, and the scale of infection. The mixed MVA 15 g/plant dosage inoculated when seeds are planted and 15 g/plant dosage inoculated when the seedlings are replanted is the most effective to suppress incubation period of Fusarium wilt disease
Studi Populasi Owa Jawa (Hylobates moloch) di Lereng Gunung Slamet Jawa Tengah
Get PDFJavanese Gibbon (Hylobates moloch) is the endemic primate species in Indonesia. IUCN - World Concervation has given this species an endangered status. The habitat Hylobates moloch’s were found at Slamet Mountain in Central Java. The study entitled "Study of Javanese Gibbon (Hylobates moloch) Population in Slopes of Slamet Mountain, Central Java" aimed to determine the number of population in slopes of Mount Slamet. This research was conducted in the exact line these July -November 2013, the survey method with stratified sampling base on line transect method was used in this research. Transects pathway in this study used existing pathways wich the passed and cut the contour of research sites. Javanese Gibbon (Hylobates moloch) obtained along the transect was calculated and analyzed using perpendiculars distance approach (DISTANCE 5.0’s software). Analysis by DISTANCE 5.0 showed that the density of Javanese Gibbon (Hylobates moloch) at Slamet Mountain in 170 km2 area was 0.26 individual/km2, coefficient of variation was 34.88 % , lower limit of 95 % confidence interval was 0.13365 to 0.51981. Based on the analysis, total number of javanese gibbon population at Slamet Mountain was 45 individuals of the density 0.26 individuals/km2
Pertumbuhan Stek Krisan (Chrysanthemum morifolium (L.) Ramat) pada Berbagai Media Kultur In Vitro
Get PDFChrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium (L.) Ramat is one of ornamental plant commodities with high aesthetic value. As a consequence of increasing demand, the availability of seeds in adequate number is needed with method in vitro. This study aims to find out the effect of various in vitro culture media on the growth of chrysanthemum explants and to determine alternative media other than MS for in vitro growth of chrysanthemum explants. Experimental method arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments and four blocks is applied. The treatments are Murashige and Skoog (MS), Vacint and Went (V&W), Knudson and modified media, while node position serves as block. Time of shoot emergence, shoot length, number of leaves on each shoot, and number of roots are measured. Data are analyzed using Analysis of Variance (F test) with confidence intervals of 95% and 99%. Least Significant Difference (LSD) test is applied when significant difference among variables is observed. Culture media shows significant effect on chrysanthemum explant in vitro growth. Knudson media is found as an alternative media besides MS sufficiently suitable to increase chrysanthemum explants in vitro growth
Deteksi Resistensi Amoxicillin Helicobacter pylori pada Pasien Dispepsia
No full textAmoxicillin is one of the antibiotics that commonly used on treatment of H. pylori infection. pbp1A gene mutation in H. pylori is a dominant cause of amoxicillin resistance. This study was aimed to evaluate the presence of H. pylori in patients with dyspepsia by using non-invasive method i.e. H. pylori stool antigen (HPSA) and invasive method i.e. pbp1A gene amplification, and also evaluate the amoxicillin resistance of H. pylori by assessing the pbp1A gene mutations. The samples were 26 faeces and 26 gastric biopsies of patients with dyspepsia from the Internal Disease of Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo Hospital in Purwokerto. DNA amplification performed by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of amoxicillin resistance encoding gene i.e. penicillin binding protein (pbp1A). Sequencing of the DNA sample was performed at the First Base Malaysian Company, to analyze the existence of a point mutation. DNA sequencing analysis of 12 samples showed the presence of a mutations in pbp1A gene from 2 samples, in the third motive of pbp i.e. amino acid changes, Alanine 599 substituted to Threonin and Threonin 592 to Alanine. Those mutations become a dominant risk factor for resistance of H. pylori, toward the bacterial peptidoglycan synthesis. In this research, it was known that the detection of H. pylori infection by using PCR remains more accurate and specific method. The presence of H. pylori mutant strains in this study may becomes the risk factors of resistance to amoxicillin treatment.
Biodiversitas Belalang (Acrididae : Ordo Orthoptera) pada Agroekosistem (Zea mays L.) dan Ekosistem Hutan Tanaman
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman belalang (Acrididae: Ordo Orthoptera) pada agroekosistem (Zea mays L.) dan ekosistem hutan tanaman serta menentukan peran belalang pada kedua ekosistem. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survai lapangan. Parameter yang diamati pada setiap lokasi meliputi keanekaragaman vegetasi tumbuhan, pengumpulan belalang Acrididae ordo Orthoptera dan pengamatan langsung terhadap belalang Acrididae ordo Orthoptera. Keanekaragaman belalang yang ditemukan pada ekosistem dianalisis dengan indeks keanekaragaman meliputi: indeks keanekaragaman (H’), kemerataan (E) dan indeks kesamaan sorensen (C) serta analisis korelasi dan regresi. Sampel diambil dari agroekosistem (Zea mays L.) dan ekosistem hutan tanaman yang selanjutnya diulang sebanyak empat kali. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April s/d Juli 2014. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 3.097 individu Orthoptera yang termasuk dalam Famili Tetrigidae, Acrididae dan Pyrgomorphidae yang terdiri dari 7 genus yaitu Atractomorpha, Criotettix, Gesunola, Hesperotettix, Miramella, Oxya, dan Valanga dengan 7 spesies. Pada agroekosistem ditemukan 3 spesies dengan 1.030 individu sedangkan pada hutan tanaman ditemukan 5 spesies dengan 2.067 individu. Hasil nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Weinner pada ekosistem hutan tanaman nilai keanekaragamannya lebih tinggi (0,6307) jika dibandingkan dengan agroekosistem (0,5325). Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka ekosistem hutan tanaman memiliki biodiversitas belalang yang lebih tinggi daripada agroekosistem (Zea mays L.)
Pertumbuhan Cabai Merah (Capsicum annuum L.) pada Tanah Masam yang Diinokulasi Mikoriza Vesikula Arbuskula (MVA) Campuran dan Pupuk Fosfat
Get PDFThis research aimed to find out the interaction effect between mixed Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) and phosphate fertilizer to the growth of red chili (C. annuum) in acid soil, and to fnd out the best combination of mixed VAM and phosphate fertilizer to the growth of red chili (C. annuum) in acid soil. This research used an experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in a factorial pattern with two factors. The first factor was mixed VAM dosages consisted of four levels: 0; 10; 15; 20 g/plant. The second factor was phosphate fertilizer dosages consisted of four levels: 0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6 g/plant. Each combination treatment had three replication. The parameters were observed in the form of plant height, stem diameter, plant top dry weight, degree of VAM infection, and P content of plant tissue. Data obtained from the observation was analyzed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at an error rate of 5% and 1%, treatment that showed significant or very significant result, then followed with Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test. The result showed that interaction between mixed Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) and phosphate fertilizer did not increase the plant height, stem diameter, and plant top dry weight, but each factor increased the plant height, stem diameter, and plant top dry weight. VAM dosage inoculation of 20 g/plant without phosphate fertilizer is the most effective combination in increasing the degree of VAM infection