Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati
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- Keanekaragaman Struktur Reproduksi pada Tumbuhan Paku Epifit di Kawasan Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor: Keanekaragaman Struktur Reproduksi Paku
No full textInstitut Pertanian Bogor merupakan kampus dengan biodiversitas tinggi dan kondisi ekosistem yang masih terjaga dengan baik. Banyak tumbuhan yang dijumpai, salah satunya tumbuhan paku epifit yang sangat melimpah jumlah dan jenisnya, tetapi informasi struktur reproduksinya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkarakterisasi struktur reproduksi tumbuhan paku epifit yang tumbuh di kawasan kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor. Tumbuhan paku epifit yang telah diperoleh diambil sorusnya dan diawetkan menggunakan alkohol 70%. Spora tumbuhan paku epifit diamati menggunakan mikroskop majemuk yang dihubungkan pada kamera optilab. Pengukuran spora tumbuhan paku dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi imageRaster v2.1 yang disajikan dalam bentuk gambar, tabel, kunci identifikasi, dan analisis deskriptif. Tumbuhan paku epifit yang diamati bervariasi pada susunan dan letak sorus serta ciri sporanya. Sorus berbentuk bulat dan garis. Sebagian besar sorus terletak pada tepi daun. Sebanyak 22 jenis tumbuhan paku yang memiliki spora bentuk monolete dengan laesura garis, satu jenis bentuk bulat, dan satu jenis bentuk tetrahedral-globose dengan laesura triradiate. Ukuran spora yang dijumpai yaitu medium, besar dan sangat besar. Semua spora memiliki nilai rasio P/E ≤1,00 dengan tipe peroblate, oblate, suboblate, oblate bulat dan prolate bulat. Permukaan perispora sangat beragam yaitu alate-angular, globules, shallow verrucae, verrucate, echinulate, tuberculate, rugate, globules, echinate, laevate, cristate, regulate, colliculate, granulose, dan costate-alate.IPB University is a campus with high biodiversity and a well-maintained ecosystem. Many plants species have been found including epiphytic ferns, which are particularly abundant. However, information for their reproductive structure remains limited. This study aims to characterize the reproductive structure of epiphytic ferns growing in the IPB University campus area, Dramaga, Bogor. The sorus was collected from the epiphytic ferns and preserved using 70% alcohol. Epiphytic fern spores were observed using a compound microscope connected to an optilab camera. Fern spore measurements were carried out using the ImageRaster v2.1 application. The observed epiphytic ferns varied in the arrangement and location of the sorus and the characteristics of the spores. A total of 22 types of ferns have monolete spore forms with laesura lines, one type of spherical shape, and one type of tetrahedral-globose form with triradiate laesura. Spore sizes found were medium, large, and very large. All spores had a P/E ratio value of ≤1.00 with peroblate, oblate, suboblate, round oblate, and round prolate types. The surface of the perispora is very diverse, including alate-angular, globules, shallow verrucae, verrucate, echinulate, tuberculate, rugate, globules, echinate, laevate, cristate, regulate, colliculate, granulose, and costate-alate
Genetic Engineering of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) IPB CP2 Variety with OsGERLP Gene: Genetic Transformation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) IPB CP2 Variety with OsGERLP Gene
No full textHigh dissolved aluminum (Al) content in acidic soil can inhibit root elongation, especially in plants sensitive to Al. The OsGERLP gene is known to be an Al tolerance gene in rice, but the role of this gene in other plants is not yet known. Introduction of the OsGERLP gene to potato cv. IPB CP2 mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been succesfully conducted. When using leaf explant, the transformation and regeneration efficiencies were 72.62 and 17.24%, respectively. However, transgene introduction using internode explant increased transformation and regeneration efficiencies to 71.3 and 87.65%, respectively. PCR-based transgene integration analysis showed that all transgenic clones contain the OsGERLP gene under the control of the 35ScaMV promoter, which was indicated by the formation of 1500 bp amplicons. Transgenic clones have been in vitro tested for Al stress using liquid MS medium with different pH and Al content. The result showed that all transgenic clones have higher tolerance to Al compared to non-transgenic plant. Morphological analysis showed that transgenic clones performed better in all parameters including plant height, total root length, number of roots, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight. The transgenic clones can potentially be developed as potato transgenic lines tolerant to Al toxicity.High dissolved aluminum (Al) content in acidic soil can inhibit root elongation, especially in plants sensitive to Al. The OsGERLP gene is known to be an Al tolerance gene in rice, but the role of this gene in other plants is not yet known. Introduction of the OsGERLP gene through Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediation has been conducted and resulted in putative transgenic plants with transformation and regeneration efficiency of 72.62% and 17.24% respectively using leaf explants and 71.3% and 87.65% using internode explants. Transgene integration analysis in transgenic plants has been performed showing that all transgenic clones contain the OsGERLP gene under the control of the 35SCaMV promoter, indicated by the formation of 1500 bp amplicons. Transgenic plant clones have been tested for Al stress using liquid MS medium with different media and pH combinations. In vitro testing showed that transgenic plant clones have higher tolerance compared to non-transgenic plants. Morphological analysis on Al stressed media showed that transgenic plant clones performed better in all parameters including plant height, total root length, number of roots, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight
Seleksi dan Pengujian Bakteri Biokontrol terhadap Cendawan Patogen Fusarium sp. yang Diisolasi dari Buah Tomat (Solanum Lycopersicum L.): Selection and Testing of Biocontrol Bacteria against Pathogenic Fungi Fusarium sp. Isolated from Tomato Fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Get PDFFusarium oxysporum is one of the primary pathogens in tomato plants that causes plant wilting. Pathogenic fungi have been controlled by spraying synthetic fungicides. The negative impact of excessive use of synthetic chemicals can be reduced by using biocontrol agents that produce antifungal compounds. Natural pest control efforts use endophytic bacteria and rhizosphere as biocontrol agents for fungal pathogens on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L). This study aims to select and test biocontrol bacteria against pathogenic fungi Fusarium sp. isolated from tomato fruits. Fusarium successfully isolated from tomato fruits which was characterized based on observations of colony and cell morphology. A total of 15 rhizosphere bacterial isolates were tested against Fusarium sp., and 11 bacterial isolates were able to inhibit the growth of the fungus. Isolates TTSG 2.2, TTSG 2.7, TTSG 3.2, TTSG 3.5, TTSG 3.6, and TCS 3.1 had fungal inhibition of 45%. The results of the hemolysin test showed that one isolate, TTSG 3.6 isolate, was negative, which did not form a clear zone around the bacterial streak. Isolate TTSG 3.6 still showed a few brown spots and rotted tomato fruit, so this bacteria needs to be tested for hypersensitivity on tobacco leaves to show its pathogenicity in plants
Perilaku Harian Udang Air Tawar Macrobrachium terhadap Perbedaan Arus pada Pengkondisian Laboratorium: Daily Behavior of Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium pilimanus (De Man, 1879) in Response to Water Current Under Laboratory Conditions
No full textMacrobrachium pilimanus is a type of freshwater prawn commonly found in Indonesian waters. This species is reported to have abbreviated larval development (ALD), and its life cycle is greatly influenced by the conditions of their environment, including the water currents. This study examined the relationship between water currents and the daily behavior of the M. pilimanus freshwater prawn. We observed the behavioral pattern using the scan sampling method on six individuals from two treatments (strong current and slow current) over 64 hours, with observations taken every 60 minutes. Our results showed a dominant behavior of M. pilimanus hiding in places with strong currents and high ingestion behavior. In contrast, the prawns that were not exposed to water currents predominantly showed partially inactive behavior.Macrobrachium pilimanus is a type of freshwater prawn commonly found in Indonesian waters. This species is reported to have abbreviated larval development (ALD), and its life cycle is greatly influenced by the conditions of their environment, including the water currents. This study examined the relationship between water currents and the daily behavior of the M. pilimanus freshwater prawn. We observed the behavioral pattern using the scan sampling method on six individuals from two treatments (strong current and slow current) over 64 hours, with observations taken every 60 minutes. Our results showed a dominant behavior of M. pilimanus hiding in places with strong currents and high ingestion behavior. In contrast, the prawns that were not exposed to water currents predominantly showed partially inactive behavior
Evaluasi Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antibakteri Dari Daun Empat Tumbuhan Suku Baduy Sebagai Sumber Bahan Alam Potensial
No full textBaduy indigenous plants have great potential as natural sources of bioactive compounds, yet scientific studies on their biological activities remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial activities, and total phenolic content of the leaves from four Baduy plant species: Gardenia jasminoides, Strobilanthes crispus, Ficus callosa, and Artocarpus camansi. The leaves were extracted with methanol, followed by fractionation using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays, total phenolic content was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli using the broth dilution method to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of A. camansi leaves exhibited the highest total phenolic content (23.53 mg GAE/g extract). This fraction demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in the ABTS assay (IC50 = 18.55 ppm) and moderate activity in the DPPH assay (IC50 = 50.67 ppm). Moreover, it showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa. These findings indicate that A. camansi leaves possess promising potential as a natural source of antioxidant and antibacterial agents.Baduy indigenous plants have great potential as natural sources of bioactive compounds, yet scientific studies on their biological activities remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial activities, and total phenolic content of the leaves from four Baduy plant species: Gardenia jasminoides, Strobilanthes crispus, Ficus callosa, and Artocarpus camansi. The leaves were extracted with methanol, followed by fractionation using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays, total phenolic content was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli using the broth dilution method to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of A. camansi leaves exhibited the highest total phenolic content (23.53 mg GAE/g extract). This fraction demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in the ABTS assay (IC50 = 18.55 ppm) and moderate activity in the DPPH assay (IC50 = 50.67 ppm). Moreover, it showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa. These findings indicate that A. camansi leaves possess promising potential as a natural source of antioxidant and antibacterial agents
Pola dan Intensitas Pigmentasi Serta Fotosintesis pada Tanaman Hias Daun Caladium pada Tingkat Naungan Berbeda: Pigmentation Pattern and Intensity and Photosynthesis of Ornamental Caladium at Different Shading Levels
Get PDFCaladium, a member of the Araceae family, is known for its diverse leaf colors and patterns, referred to as variegation. This study aimed to examine the relationship between pigmentation patterns, variegated areas, and leaf anatomy, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate under different light conditions. Two light treatments were applied, full sun (0% shade, 37,500 lux) and 70% shade (12,000 lux), using direct morning sunlight. Seven distinct types of Caladium were used in the experiment. Photosynthetic rate was measured using a LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system at Photosynthetic Photon Flux Densities (PPFD) of 100, 400, and 800 µmol m-2 s-1. Pigment analysis included quantification of chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins, while morphological assessments focused on leaf size, variegated area, and leaf thickness. Plants exposed to higher light intensity developed smaller, thicker leaves with mostly larger proportion of variegated area. Chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin contents varied depending on plant type and light treatment. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) increased with higher PPFD and was greater in unshaded conditions. Among the plant types, V3 and V4 exhibited characteristics typical of shade-adapted species, while V6 showed traits of sun-loving plants. Overall, the study demonstrated that variegated Caladium plants maintain comparable net photosynthetic rates despite differences in pigmentation patterns and variegation intensity
Studi Pengamatan Perilaku Diurnal Anjing Domestik Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 di lingkungan Pusat Studi Satwa Primata IPB: Observation Study of Diurnal Behavior Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 in the Environment of Primate Animal Study Center IPB
Get PDFAnjing domestik (Canis lupus familiaris) dari famili Canidae merupakan salah satu spesies anjing yang telah melalui proses domestikasi. Masing-masing pemilik anjing akan memperlakukan hewan peliharaannya secara berbeda yang mengakibatkan perbedaan perilaku. Di antara lokasi-lokasi di kampus IPB Dramaga, lingkungan penangkaran Pusat Studi Satwa Primata menjadi salah satu tempat di mana anjing peliharaan banyak dijumpai. Metode focal animal sampling untuk mengamati perilaku anjing dengan interval waktu 10 menit dan data perilaku harian dibagi dalam 7 kategori yaitu ekskresi, lokomosi, perawatan diri, sosial, vokalisasi, inaktif dan negatif. Pada periode pengamatan dari pukul 09.00 hingga 13.00, tiga individu anjing menunjukkan perilaku istirahat dalam rentang 51-69% dan memilih lokasi yang dekat dengan pemilik untuk beraktivitas
Analisis Keragaman Komunitas Bakteri pada Lambung Madu Lebah Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, dan Tetragonula laeviceps: Analysis of Communities Bacterial Diversity on Bees Honey Stomach from Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, and Tetragonula laeviceps
Get PDFBees are one of the pollinators that a honey producing agent as well. Honey derives from nectar that stored and procees in honey stomach. The quality of honey is determined by physical, chemical and microbes in the honey stomach as well. This study was aimed to analyze the diversity of bacterial communities (bacterial metagenome) derived from bee’s honey stomach of A. mellifera, A. cerana, and T. laeviceps using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) method. Previous researches of bacterial communities are more focused on the entire digestive tract, which is not specifically in honey stomach of the bees. The diversity of bacterial communities showed differences among three bee’s species. The number one of A. cerana has the highest number of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), i.e., 15 OTUs compared to the other sample. While the T. laeviceps number two show the highest percentage of OTU dominant at 59.4%. The bacterial community in bees honey stomach of A. mellifera, A. cerana, T. laeviceps the similarity of bacteria from phylum Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Fusobacteria. Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla are found only in A. cerana honey stomach
Pengaruh Nutrisi Terhadap Jumlah Bakteri Indigenous pada Limbah Tahu: The Effect of Nutrition on the Number of Bacteria in Tofu Waste
No full textIndigenous bacteria found in natural environments, such as tofu waste, are strongly influenced by environmental factors and environmental nutrients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tofu waste nutrients on the number of indigenous bacteria in tofu waste. The parameters observed were the characteristics of tofu waste, such as color, aroma, acidity level (pH), and analysis of nutrient content through proximate tests, as well as the calculation of the number of indigenous bacteria using the Total Plate Count method. The results showed that tofu waste was yellowish in color and had a soy aroma, but there was a slight sour aroma in tofu liquid waste. Tofu solid waste had a pH of 6, while tofu liquid waste had a pH of 5. The levels of nutrients, namely protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrates, were higher in tofu solid waste, while the water content was higher in tofu liquid waste. The total indigenous bacteria in tofu solid waste were higher (3.78 × 106 CFU/mL) than in tofu liquid waste (5.55 × 105 CFU/mL). This study concluded that high nutrient content correlated with an increase in the number of indigenous bacteria in tofu waste.
Bakteri indigenous yang terdapat di lingkungan alami, seperti limbah tahu, sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan dan nutrisi lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh nutrisi limbah tahu terhadap jumlah bakteri indigenous pada limbah tahu. Parameter yang diamati adalah karakteristik limbah tahu, seperti warna, aroma, tingkat keasaman (pH), dan analisis kandungan nutrisi melalui uji proksimat, serta perhitungan jumlah bakteri indigenous dengan metode Total Plate Count. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa limbah tahu berwarna kekuningan dan beraroma kedelai, namun terdapat sedikit aroma asam pada limbah cair tahu. Limbah padat tahu memiliki pH 6, sedangkan limbah cair tahu memiliki pH 5. Kadar nutrisi, yaitu protein, lemak, abu, dan karbohidrat, lebih tinggi pada limbah padat tahu, sedangkan kadar air lebih tinggi pada limbah cair tahu. Total bakteri indigenus dalam limbah padat tahu lebih tinggi (3,78 × 106 CFU/ml) dibandingkan limbah cair tahu (5,55 × 105 CFU/ml). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kandungan nutrisi yang tinggi berkorelasi dengan peningkatan jumlah bakteri indigenus dalam limbah tahu.
Kata kunci: Karbohidrat, uji proksimat, protein, TP
Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Jamur AS-3 yang Diisolasi dari Akar Sambiloto: Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Fungus AS-3 Isolated from The Root of Sambiloto
Get PDFSambiloto, often referred to as the “Raja Pahit”, is a plant belonging to the Acanthaceae family. This plant is known to produce secondary metabolite compounds with various biological benefits, including antioxidant properties. Antioxidant compounds have been shown to counteract the formation of free radicals that are harmful to the body. The antioxidant activity of the Sambiloto plant can be evaluated using endophytic fungi associated with it. This study aimed to identify secondary metabolite compounds and evaluate the antioxidant activity of AS-3 Fungus isolated from the Sambiloto roots. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the ethyl acetate extract of AS-3 contained terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. In addition, the antioxidant activity test showed promising results, with an IC50 value of 10.225 ppm, indicating high antioxidant potential. This is the first report on the phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity test of the ethyl acetate extract of AS-3 fungus isolated from Sambiloto roots