Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan
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The use of modern devices and human activity today have increased noise problem. The applicaton of acoustic panels in building construction could be as an alternative to overcome this problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate acoustical properties of sound absorption coefficient and sound transmission loss from wood wool or excelsior board. Three fast growing species, sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), african wood (Maesopsis eminii), and mangium (Acacia mangium) lumbers were processed to obtain wool particles. Two different categories of board density and types of resins were used in this study. Sound absorption coefficient was determined using the impedance tube method, while that for the determination of transmission loss based on the reverberation room method. The results showed that the board density of 0.8 g/cm3 had good sound absorption for low and high frequencies compared with board of 1.0 g/cm3. In the medium frequencies those boards reflected the sound. Wood wool cement bonded board was good in sound absorption for high frequency. In the range low to high frequencies, the boards with isocyanate adhesive were good in transmission loss value compared with cement bonded boards. Meanwhile, the boards with density of 1.0 g/cm3 possessed transmission loss value higher than board of 0.8 g/cm3. Keywords: acoustic panel, wood wool board, fast growing species, sound absorption, transmission loss
No full textThe use of modern devices and human activity today have increased noise problem. The applicaton of acoustic panels in building construction could be as an alternative to overcome this problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate acoustical properties of sound absorption coefficient and sound transmission loss from wood wool or excelsior board. Three fast growing species, sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), african wood (Maesopsis eminii), and mangium (Acacia mangium) lumbers were processed to obtain wool particles. Two different categories of board density and types of resins were used in this study. Sound absorption coefficient was determined using the impedance tube method, while that for the determination of transmission loss based on the reverberation room method. The results showed that the board density of 0.8 g/cm3 had good sound absorption for low and high frequencies compared with board of 1.0 g/cm3. In the medium frequencies those boards reflected the sound. Wood wool cement bonded board was good in sound absorption for high frequency. In the range low to high frequencies, the boards with isocyanate adhesive were good in transmission loss value compared with cement bonded boards. Meanwhile, the boards with density of 1.0 g/cm3 possessed transmission loss value higher than board of 0.8 g/cm3. Keywords: acoustic panel, wood wool board, fast growing species, sound absorption, transmission los
The acidity of wood and panel product was important factor to impact on metal corrosion and give effect on adhesive curing time. The objective of this research was to explore of pH and buffering capacity from nine tropical woods. Method to determination of pH and buffering capacity reffers to Johns and Niazi (1980) experiment. The result of this research showed that nine tropical woods which observed had different acidity and buffering capacity. The range of wood acidity had pH 4-7. The correlation value of pH and buffering capacity from this research about 4-5 for base and acid buffering. Keywords: acidity of wood, pH, buffering capacity.
No full textThe acidity of wood and panel product was important factor to impact on metal corrosion and give effect on adhesive curing time. The objective of this research was to explore of pH and buffering capacity from nine tropical woods. Method to determination of pH and buffering capacity reffers to Johns and Niazi (1980) experiment. The result of this research showed that nine tropical woods which observed had different acidity and buffering capacity. The range of wood acidity had pH 4-7. The correlation value of pH and buffering capacity from this research about 4-5 for base and acid buffering. Keywords: acidity of wood, pH, buffering capacity
Enhancement of surface appearance of wood products in wood working industry has been done by application of wood stain. However, the use of wood stains has been recently limited due to emission of a hazardous material. Through this work a new technique of ammonia fuming has been experimented. The purpose of the research work was to investigate the effect of ammonia fuming and wood characteristics on the surface appearance of nangka wood (Artocarpus heteropyllus). The experimental result showed that ammonia in the volume of 2 liter could change significantly the natural color of (16 x 8 x 2) cm size nangka wood after 24 hours of fuming. Increasing in the period of fuming to 48 hours did not provide any difference in color compared to the 24 hours of fuming, however the 48 hours fuming generated deeper changes in color on the surfaces of the wood. Heartwood of nangka was observed to generate more significant changes in color compared to the sapwood. Fresh wood produced a darker color than air-dried wood. The wood treated by ammonia fuming showed an increase in resistance against termite and decayed fungi attacks. Keywords : ammonia fuming, finishing, heartwood and sapwood, preservation
No full textEnhancement of surface appearance of wood products in wood working industry has been done by application of wood stain. However, the use of wood stains has been recently limited due to emission of a hazardous material. Through this work a new technique of ammonia fuming has been experimented. The purpose of the research work was to investigate the effect of ammonia fuming and wood characteristics on the surface appearance of nangka wood (Artocarpus heteropyllus). The experimental result showed that ammonia in the volume of 2 liter could change significantly the natural color of (16 x 8 x 2) cm size nangka wood after 24 hours of fuming. Increasing in the period of fuming to 48 hours did not provide any difference in color compared to the 24 hours of fuming, however the 48 hours fuming generated deeper changes in color on the surfaces of the wood. Heartwood of nangka was observed to generate more significant changes in color compared to the sapwood. Fresh wood produced a darker color than air-dried wood. The wood treated by ammonia fuming showed an increase in resistance against termite and decayed fungi attacks. Keywords : ammonia fuming, finishing, heartwood and sapwood, preservatio
This paper presents the effect of extractive and abrasive material of tropical timber (Damar Laut, Mersawa, and Oil Palm wood) and of composite products (Fiber Board and Cement Board) on the wearing of high speed steel and tungsten carbide cutting tools. The extractive content provides a significant contribution on the chemical wearing of the cutting tools. Oil palm wood and Mersawa wood contain extractives which are more corrosive compared to other wood species tested. Mechanical wear resistance is influenced by the abrasive material contained in the wood, especially silica, both in wood and wood composite products. Mersawa wood caused the cutting tools wear faster than other types of solid wood. Cement board as a composite product caused the damaged of the cutting edge of high speed steel tool due to high abrasive materials contained in the the cement board. Tungsten carbide tool has higher wear resistance than high speed steel tool. Keywords : wear resistance, high speed steel, tungsten carbide, silica, extractive
No full textThis paper presents the effect of extractive and abrasive material of tropical timber (Damar Laut, Mersawa, and Oil Palm wood) and of composite products (Fiber Board and Cement Board) on the wearing of high speed steel and tungsten carbide cutting tools. The extractive content provides a significant contribution on the chemical wearing of the cutting tools. Oil palm wood and Mersawa wood contain extractives which are more corrosive compared to other wood species tested. Mechanical wear resistance is influenced by the abrasive material contained in the wood, especially silica, both in wood and wood composite products. Mersawa wood caused the cutting tools wear faster than other types of solid wood. Cement board as a composite product caused the damaged of the cutting edge of high speed steel tool due to high abrasive materials contained in the the cement board. Tungsten carbide tool has higher wear resistance than high speed steel tool. Keywords : wear resistance, high speed steel, tungsten carbide, silica, extractiv
The purpose of this research is to study the effect of pyrolysis temperature to the wood vinegar chemical composition by be produced wood vinegar, charcoal, biofuel etc. The variation of pyrolysis temperatures were 110, 200, 300, 400 and 500 °C at 5 hours. That pine wood vinegar yield obtained were 13.80%, 16.12%, 11.99%, 15.51% and 0.90 %. Analysis DTA (Diferential Thermal Analysis) showed thermal decompotition occurs at 227, 320.2 and 349.7 °C. Identification of GC-MS of pine sawdust could provide compounds that mostly derived from acid group and was dominated by acetic acid produced was 31.65%. At distillate of teak smokes was obtained three yield of liquid smokes resulted from conversion of pine wood wastes can be utilized to preserve fishes. Keywords : Pine sawdust, pyrolysis, wood vinegar, and preserve fishes
No full textThe purpose of this research is to study the effect of pyrolysis temperature to the wood vinegar chemical composition by be produced wood vinegar, charcoal, biofuel etc. The variation of pyrolysis temperatures were 110, 200, 300, 400 and 500 °C at 5 hours. That pine wood vinegar yield obtained were 13.80%, 16.12%, 11.99%, 15.51% and 0.90 %. Analysis DTA (Diferential Thermal Analysis) showed thermal decompotition occurs at 227, 320.2 and 349.7 °C. Identification of GC-MS of pine sawdust could provide compounds that mostly derived from acid group and was dominated by acetic acid produced was 31.65%. At distillate of teak smokes was obtained three yield of liquid smokes resulted from conversion of pine wood wastes can be utilized to preserve fishes. Keywords : Pine sawdust, pyrolysis, wood vinegar, and preserve fishe
Connection is the weakest point of the structural building system. Structural construction building system must ensure that there is only a tensile force or just axial compression that is working on the connection. Data on the lateral design values (Z) double shear connection wood beam with nails of steel side plates for various types of tropical Indonesian wood have not studied much. Average moisture content (MC) for the main member varies from 13.3 to 22.5% while average specific gravity (r) from 0.27 to 0.76 and then wood density from 0.31 to 0.89 g/cm3. From this average value of MC, SG and wood density the lowest is sengon and the highest is rasamala wood. Average allowable load of compression parallel to grain ( ) and parallel tensile ( )is sengon, but the highest is bangkirai. There is a general tendency that and is linier to r of those wood. is approximately 2 times greater than its . The number of nail (4-10 pieces) did not give effect of average Z, but with the nail diameter 4.1 to 5.2 mm Z increased significantly and this value decreased on 5.5 mm diameter nail. Average Z also increases with increasing of ρ for displacement 1.50 mm (Indonesian Standard PKKI NI-5 1961)) and 5.0 mm (breaking load). The increasing of Z happens because ρ effect. At 5.0 mm displacement the increase of Z is not as sharp as that of 1.5 mm. Power regression type is the best equation to predict Z of wood density for several diameters of nails. Keywords : Allowable load of tensile parallel to grain, density, displacement, double shear connection, lateral design values
No full textConnection is the weakest point of the structural building system. Structural construction building system must ensure that there is only a tensile force or just axial compression that is working on the connection. Data on the lateral design values (Z) double shear connection wood beam with nails of steel side plates for various types of tropical Indonesian wood have not studied much. Average moisture content (MC) for the main member varies from 13.3 to 22.5% while average specific gravity (r) from 0.27 to 0.76 and then wood density from 0.31 to 0.89 g/cm3. From this average value of MC, SG and wood density the lowest is sengon and the highest is rasamala wood. Average allowable load of compression parallel to grain ( ) and parallel tensile ( )is sengon, but the highest is bangkirai. There is a general tendency that and is linier to r of those wood. is approximately 2 times greater than its . The number of nail (4-10 pieces) did not give effect of average Z, but with the nail diameter 4.1 to 5.2 mm Z increased significantly and this value decreased on 5.5 mm diameter nail. Average Z also increases with increasing of ρ for displacement 1.50 mm (Indonesian Standard PKKI NI-5 1961)) and 5.0 mm (breaking load). The increasing of Z happens because ρ effect. At 5.0 mm displacement the increase of Z is not as sharp as that of 1.5 mm. Power regression type is the best equation to predict Z of wood density for several diameters of nails. Keywords : Allowable load of tensile parallel to grain, density, displacement, double shear connection, lateral design value
The research was conducted on four wood species with small of diameter, originated from Sukabumi, i.e. huru gading (Litsea odorifera Val.), sampora (Colona javanica Burr.), kisampang (Evodia aromatica BL.) and nyatuh (Pouteria duclitan Bachni). The resistance properties of those four wood species after being metal-screwed against seven wood-destroying fungi were evaluated using modified DIN 52176 standard (Martawijaya, 1975). Results showed that decaying rates (weight losses) of the screwed wood were generaly greater than those of control (unscrewed wood). The highest weight loss was encountered on unscrewed kisampang wood exposed to Pycnoporus sanguineus HHB-324 (49.33%), while the lowest loss was found on unscrewed huru gading wood exposed to Dacryopinax spathularia (0.69%). Three of four wood species tested (i.e. sampora, kisampang and nyatuh) both being screwed and unscrewed were categorized as not resistant (class IV), whereas screwed huru gading wood was moderately resistant (class III) and the unscrewed one was resistant (class II). Based on corrosion, the highest weight loss of screw was obtained on kisampang wood tested by C. globosum (11.33%). However, the lowest screw weight loss was on huru gading tested by Polyporus sp. (1.95%). Among the fungi, the most severe attacks on wood was performed by P. sanguineus HHB-324. Based on ability to corrode wood-associated screw, there were no significant different among five of the seven fungi, whereas Polyporus sp. and P. sanguineus HHB-324 were performed lower ability. Keywords: Resistance properties, wood destroying fungi, metal screw, weight loss
No full textThe research was conducted on four wood species with small of diameter, originated from Sukabumi, i.e. huru gading (Litsea odorifera Val.), sampora (Colona javanica Burr.), kisampang (Evodia aromatica BL.) and nyatuh (Pouteria duclitan Bachni). The resistance properties of those four wood species after being metal-screwed against seven wood-destroying fungi were evaluated using modified DIN 52176 standard (Martawijaya, 1975). Results showed that decaying rates (weight losses) of the screwed wood were generaly greater than those of control (unscrewed wood). The highest weight loss was encountered on unscrewed kisampang wood exposed to Pycnoporus sanguineus HHB-324 (49.33%), while the lowest loss was found on unscrewed huru gading wood exposed to Dacryopinax spathularia (0.69%). Three of four wood species tested (i.e. sampora, kisampang and nyatuh) both being screwed and unscrewed were categorized as not resistant (class IV), whereas screwed huru gading wood was moderately resistant (class III) and the unscrewed one was resistant (class II). Based on corrosion, the highest weight loss of screw was obtained on kisampang wood tested by C. globosum (11.33%). However, the lowest screw weight loss was on huru gading tested by Polyporus sp. (1.95%). Among the fungi, the most severe attacks on wood was performed by P. sanguineus HHB-324. Based on ability to corrode wood-associated screw, there were no significant different among five of the seven fungi, whereas Polyporus sp. and P. sanguineus HHB-324 were performed lower ability. Keywords: Resistance properties, wood destroying fungi, metal screw, weight los
Physical and mechanical properties of jabon wood particleboards were studied. The wood particle from lower, upper parts of trunk and branches of jabon tree were used. The wood wettability was observed at lower, upper part of trunk and branches of 2.5 years old jabon tree from Cihideung Ilir village, Bogor. The quality of particleboard in terms of density, moisture content, thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond, and screw holding power were tested accordance with JIS 5908:2003. In general partikel bord made of jabon wood from upper, lower of trunk and branches of jabon were as follow: density (0.61 g/cm³, 0.58 g/cm³, 0.65 g/cm³), moisture content (9.9%, 9.7%, 9.3%), thickness swelling (44.8%; 52.3%; 30.6%), modulus of elasticity (9716.1 kg/cm², 7997.4 kg/cm², 12954.3 kg/cm²), modulus of rupture (82.6 kg/cm², 71.3 kg/cm², 90.8 kg/cm²), internal bond (5.06 kg/cm², 3.02 kg/cm², 6.12 kg/cm²) and screw holding power (30.6 kg/cm², 38.8 kg/cm², 47.5 kg/cm²), respectively. The quality of jabon wood were not affected by the precentage of adhesive used. There were a variability in wettability of jabon wood between parts of tree. The wettability of jabon wood of upper, lower trunk and branches were 1800.4, 2126.1 and 2169.7 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the variabilities were also happened in almost all physical dan mechanical properties of the particleboard. The higher the wettability the higher the quality of the particleboard, means that wettability as a good indicator for quality of jabon woods particleboard.The quality of particleboard made of woods from branches were better than others. Keywords: particleboard, jabon, wettability,gluability
No full textPhysical and mechanical properties of jabon wood particleboards were studied. The wood particle from lower, upper parts of trunk and branches of jabon tree were used. The wood wettability was observed at lower, upper part of trunk and branches of 2.5 years old jabon tree from Cihideung Ilir village, Bogor. The quality of particleboard in terms of density, moisture content, thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond, and screw holding power were tested accordance with JIS 5908:2003. In general partikel bord made of jabon wood from upper, lower of trunk and branches of jabon were as follow: density (0.61 g/cm³, 0.58 g/cm³, 0.65 g/cm³), moisture content (9.9%, 9.7%, 9.3%), thickness swelling (44.8%; 52.3%; 30.6%), modulus of elasticity (9716.1 kg/cm², 7997.4 kg/cm², 12954.3 kg/cm²), modulus of rupture (82.6 kg/cm², 71.3 kg/cm², 90.8 kg/cm²), internal bond (5.06 kg/cm², 3.02 kg/cm², 6.12 kg/cm²) and screw holding power (30.6 kg/cm², 38.8 kg/cm², 47.5 kg/cm²), respectively. The quality of jabon wood were not affected by the precentage of adhesive used. There were a variability in wettability of jabon wood between parts of tree. The wettability of jabon wood of upper, lower trunk and branches were 1800.4, 2126.1 and 2169.7 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the variabilities were also happened in almost all physical dan mechanical properties of the particleboard. The higher the wettability the higher the quality of the particleboard, means that wettability as a good indicator for quality of jabon woods particleboard.The quality of particleboard made of woods from branches were better than others. Keywords: particleboard, jabon, wettability,gluabilit
The use of wood as a construction material is still the primary choice for most Indonesian people. For the purposes of structural construction, it would require a long span of wood, whereas stock in the market is limited, so usually it is overcomed with joint technique which can be done with type of joint and connector. Kind of joint that is needed to be considered seriously is tensile, shear and moment joint. Nail joint is relatively cheap and easy to be done. Variables which are used to see and predict the level of allowable load for a nail joint are diameter and number of nails. Therefore, the objective of this research was to know the influence from the variables to the strength of joints under uni-axial compression loading from 3 wood species. The results showed that double shear connections strength of nangka wood (allowable load per nail and also total load) has the highest value compared with rasamala and sengon. Nangka wood also reached the highest value for maximum crushing strength. Maximum crushing strength had positive relationship with double shear connections strength. Based on the result of this research, maximum crushing strength is applicable to predict the strength of nails. Keywords : allowable load, maximum crushing strength, nails, double shear connections, tensile joint
No full textThe use of wood as a construction material is still the primary choice for most Indonesian people. For the purposes of structural construction, it would require a long span of wood, whereas stock in the market is limited, so usually it is overcomed with joint technique which can be done with type of joint and connector. Kind of joint that is needed to be considered seriously is tensile, shear and moment joint. Nail joint is relatively cheap and easy to be done. Variables which are used to see and predict the level of allowable load for a nail joint are diameter and number of nails. Therefore, the objective of this research was to know the influence from the variables to the strength of joints under uni-axial compression loading from 3 wood species. The results showed that double shear connections strength of nangka wood (allowable load per nail and also total load) has the highest value compared with rasamala and sengon. Nangka wood also reached the highest value for maximum crushing strength. Maximum crushing strength had positive relationship with double shear connections strength. Based on the result of this research, maximum crushing strength is applicable to predict the strength of nails. Keywords : allowable load, maximum crushing strength, nails, double shear connections, tensile join
This research was conducted to study the effects of pretreatment with white-rot fungi on pulp properties of betung bamboo. Inoculum stocks of white-rot fungi (25 ml) were injected into polybag contained barkless fresh bamboo chips of 1.6 cm in width. Each polybag contained 221.21-230.43 g oven dry weight of chips. Bamboo chips in the polybags were inoculated by P. ostreatus and T. versicolor. Both of them were then incubated for 30 and 45 days in an incubator. Bamboo chips were cooked in open hot soda process. The cooked bamboo chips were then fibrillated using beater hollander and stone refiner. Yield, kappa numbers (TAPPI 236 cm-85) and freeness (CSF) of the pulp were then analyzed. Pulp yield pretreated with P.ostreatus and incubated for 30 days was the highest (increased by control 22.31%), while that pretreated with T.versicolor was the lowest (decreased by control 22.20%). The increasing of incubation time had positive correlation with the reduction of kappa number. Statistic test (ANOVA) at 95% level of confidence show that fungi give significant effect on kappa number, freeness, and kappa number degradation. Besides that fungi, the interaction between fungi and incubation times give significant effect on the yield changes and pulp yield. T. versicolor had better activity in 45 days of incubation. Pulp freeness resulted from this study were still lower than the desired value. Pretreatment of betung bamboo using T. versicolor with 45 days of incubation was considered better than the other treatments. Keywords : Betung bamboo, biopulping, pulp yield, kappa number, degree of freeness
No full textThis research was conducted to study the effects of pretreatment with white-rot fungi on pulp properties of betung bamboo. Inoculum stocks of white-rot fungi (25 ml) were injected into polybag contained barkless fresh bamboo chips of 1.6 cm in width. Each polybag contained 221.21-230.43 g oven dry weight of chips. Bamboo chips in the polybags were inoculated by P. ostreatus and T. versicolor. Both of them were then incubated for 30 and 45 days in an incubator. Bamboo chips were cooked in open hot soda process. The cooked bamboo chips were then fibrillated using beater hollander and stone refiner. Yield, kappa numbers (TAPPI 236 cm-85) and freeness (CSF) of the pulp were then analyzed. Pulp yield pretreated with P.ostreatus and incubated for 30 days was the highest (increased by control 22.31%), while that pretreated with T.versicolor was the lowest (decreased by control 22.20%). The increasing of incubation time had positive correlation with the reduction of kappa number. Statistic test (ANOVA) at 95% level of confidence show that fungi give significant effect on kappa number, freeness, and kappa number degradation. Besides that fungi, the interaction between fungi and incubation times give significant effect on the yield changes and pulp yield. T. versicolor had better activity in 45 days of incubation. Pulp freeness resulted from this study were still lower than the desired value. Pretreatment of betung bamboo using T. versicolor with 45 days of incubation was considered better than the other treatments. Keywords : Betung bamboo, biopulping, pulp yield, kappa number, degree of freenes