Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan
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Appearance of extractives matter as oil-form on wood surface has been causing problems in wood working, especially for laminated wood products and finishing. The problem of extractives on the oily keruing was observed to get the way how to overcome it so the wood utilization able to be increased by laminated wood manufacturing. The effect of the treatments on the oily keruing as laminated wood material has been done by boiling in the water, boiling in diesel fuel and cooking oil mixture, and press-vacuum with paraffin addition. Comparison was done for inter-treatment and also to non oily keruing. The materials used were oily (Dipterocarpus gracilis), non oily (Dipterocarpus grandifloris) keruing and tannin-base glue. The observed parameters consist of visual appearance, moisture content, density, bonding strength and delaminating. Results indicated that moisture content of all treatment were not more than 15%, density range of 0.71-0.91 g/cm3 and average 0.79 g/cm3. The bonding strength of laminated wood ranges varied from 17.80 kg/cm2 to 37.73 kg/cm2 nd average 26.44 kg/cm2 (dry testing) and 1.81 kg/cm2-13.97 kg/cm2 and average 9.15 kg/cm2 (wet testing), while the delaminating ranges of 41.19% to 52.85% and average 45.52%. Generally, the treatment of boiling in mixture of diesel fuel and cooking oil with 6 : 1 in proportion, resulted increasing properties for laminated wood made of oily keruing. Keywords : Extractives, oily keruing, tannin, laminated wood
No full textAppearance of extractives matter as oil-form on wood surface has been causing problems in wood working, especially for laminated wood products and finishing. The problem of extractives on the oily keruing was observed to get the way how to overcome it so the wood utilization able to be increased by laminated wood manufacturing. The effect of the treatments on the oily keruing as laminated wood material has been done by boiling in the water, boiling in diesel fuel and cooking oil mixture, and press-vacuum with paraffin addition. Comparison was done for inter-treatment and also to non oily keruing. The materials used were oily (Dipterocarpus gracilis), non oily (Dipterocarpus grandifloris) keruing and tannin-base glue. The observed parameters consist of visual appearance, moisture content, density, bonding strength and delaminating. Results indicated that moisture content of all treatment were not more than 15%, density range of 0.71-0.91 g/cm3 and average 0.79 g/cm3. The bonding strength of laminated wood ranges varied from 17.80 kg/cm2 to 37.73 kg/cm2 nd average 26.44 kg/cm2 (dry testing) and 1.81 kg/cm2-13.97 kg/cm2 and average 9.15 kg/cm2 (wet testing), while the delaminating ranges of 41.19% to 52.85% and average 45.52%. Generally, the treatment of boiling in mixture of diesel fuel and cooking oil with 6 : 1 in proportion, resulted increasing properties for laminated wood made of oily keruing. Keywords : Extractives, oily keruing, tannin, laminated wood
This study was applied split plot design with three factors which is location (Buria, Morekao,Tala), species of bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper, Schizostachyium brachycladum, Schizostachyium lima) and stem portion (bottom, middle, top). Result of the study indicated that there was distinct effect of location to the lignin content, diameter of fiber and fiber cell lumen, and proportion of parenchyma cell; species of bamboos to the length and diameter of fiber cell; and portion of stem to the extractive soluble in hot water, soluble in alcohol benzene, length and diameter of fiber cell, and diameter of fiber lumen. Extractive soluble in cold water was 3.10-3.79%; hot water was 5.43-6.23%; alcohol benzene was 3.37-4.10%; alpha cellulose was 44.22-46.94%; holo cellulose was 71.97-75.57%; lignin was 26.00-27.37%; length of fiber cell was 3.40-3.96 mm; diameter of fiber cell was 4.34-4.91 micron; diameter of fiber cell lumen was 2.74-3.23 micron; cell wall thickness of fiber cell was 0.76-0.91 micron; proportion of parenchyma cell was 51.95-56.85%; proportion of fiber cell was 27.81-62.66%; and proportion of pore was 12.39-14.60%. Keywords : Bamboo, extractive, cellulose, lignin,.
No full textThis study was applied split plot design with three factors which is location (Buria, Morekao,Tala), species of bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper, Schizostachyium brachycladum, Schizostachyium lima) and stem portion (bottom, middle, top). Result of the study indicated that there was distinct effect of location to the lignin content, diameter of fiber and fiber cell lumen, and proportion of parenchyma cell; species of bamboos to the length and diameter of fiber cell; and portion of stem to the extractive soluble in hot water, soluble in alcohol benzene, length and diameter of fiber cell, and diameter of fiber lumen. Extractive soluble in cold water was 3.10-3.79%; hot water was 5.43-6.23%; alcohol benzene was 3.37-4.10%; alpha cellulose was 44.22-46.94%; holo cellulose was 71.97-75.57%; lignin was 26.00-27.37%; length of fiber cell was 3.40-3.96 mm; diameter of fiber cell was 4.34-4.91 micron; diameter of fiber cell lumen was 2.74-3.23 micron; cell wall thickness of fiber cell was 0.76-0.91 micron; proportion of parenchyma cell was 51.95-56.85%; proportion of fiber cell was 27.81-62.66%; and proportion of pore was 12.39-14.60%. Keywords : Bamboo, extractive, cellulose, lignin,.
This research objective was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from logging residue from plantation forest, namely akasia (Acacia mangium) and ekaliptus (Eucalyptus sp). Type particle was sawdust and bonded with Urea Formaldehyde (UF)-Isocyanate mix resin with ratio 100:15. Control resin (UF) was also prepared for comparison with resin solid content 52.7%. The target thickness of particleboard was 1 cm, pressed at 25 kg/ cm2 for 15 minutes at 140 °C. Level of resin was 7% based on oven dry particle weight. The boards were evaluated based on JIS A 5908-2003. The results showed:1) Utilization of UF-isocyanate mix resin improved the moisture content, thickness swelling, and water absorption of particleboard 2) The best particleboard from physical and mechanical properties point of view was particleboard made of akasia bonded with UF-isocyanate mix resin Keywords : Physical and mechanical properties, logging residue, particleboard
No full textThis research objective was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from logging residue from plantation forest, namely akasia (Acacia mangium) and ekaliptus (Eucalyptus sp). Type particle was sawdust and bonded with Urea Formaldehyde (UF)-Isocyanate mix resin with ratio 100:15. Control resin (UF) was also prepared for comparison with resin solid content 52.7%. The target thickness of particleboard was 1 cm, pressed at 25 kg/ cm2 for 15 minutes at 140 °C. Level of resin was 7% based on oven dry particle weight. The boards were evaluated based on JIS A 5908-2003. The results showed:1) Utilization of UF-isocyanate mix resin improved the moisture content, thickness swelling, and water absorption of particleboard 2) The best particleboard from physical and mechanical properties point of view was particleboard made of akasia bonded with UF-isocyanate mix resin Keywords : Physical and mechanical properties, logging residue, particleboard
The development of baiting system was very advanced, however it was very expensive thus the use of it was limited on certain community. Based on those conditions, it was needed a researches on local resourches basis or low cost material baiting system in order to be applicated in building protection included simple home. This researches consisted of laboratory and field test. The laboratory test was performed to determine preference baiting media (pulp, sawdust, Pinus merkusii wood, WMD (wood monitoring devices) from Pinus radiata and reliability tested between disodium borax decahydrate and chitosan against Coptotermes curvignathus. After the determination of baiting system and reliability, field test was performed on termite attacked building. Field test consisted of termite presence detection,observatory station, determination of consumption rate and baiting system resistance. The laboratory results showed the most preference baiting system was WMD with persentage weight loss was 40.5%. The comparation of reliability between disodium borax decahydrate and chitosan showed that termite mortality of disodium borax decahydrate was higher than chitosan, meanwhile reliability results showed oltherwise. Chitosan field test showed eating consumption level was decreasing at 75th days and on 135th days eating consumption level was rached 15 gr/day. It meaned there was a decreasing of termite population cause of termite baiting system. Keywords : Pulp, disodium borax, chitosan, baiting, Coptotermes curvignathus
No full textThe development of baiting system was very advanced, however it was very expensive thus the use of it was limited on certain community. Based on those conditions, it was needed a researches on local resourches basis or low cost material baiting system in order to be applicated in building protection included simple home. This researches consisted of laboratory and field test. The laboratory test was performed to determine preference baiting media (pulp, sawdust, Pinus merkusii wood, WMD (wood monitoring devices) from Pinus radiata and reliability tested between disodium borax decahydrate and chitosan against Coptotermes curvignathus. After the determination of baiting system and reliability, field test was performed on termite attacked building. Field test consisted of termite presence detection,observatory station, determination of consumption rate and baiting system resistance. The laboratory results showed the most preference baiting system was WMD with persentage weight loss was 40.5%. The comparation of reliability between disodium borax decahydrate and chitosan showed that termite mortality of disodium borax decahydrate was higher than chitosan, meanwhile reliability results showed oltherwise. Chitosan field test showed eating consumption level was decreasing at 75th days and on 135th days eating consumption level was rached 15 gr/day. It meaned there was a decreasing of termite population cause of termite baiting system. Keywords : Pulp, disodium borax, chitosan, baiting, Coptotermes curvignathu
The purpose of this study was to analyze the phisycal and mechanical properties of binderless particleboard using bamboo as raw materials. Andong bamboo (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinaceae) used in this study was taken from Bogor area. Bamboo was converted using hammer mill and air dried subsequently. The particle zise was passed of the 20 mesh screener. Three types pretreatment were used to prepare the particle, namely : 1) water boiling for 30 and 60 minutes, 2) oxydation using hydrogen peroxyde, and 3) combination of water boiling for 30 minutes and oxydation using hydrogen proxide. As a control, conventional particleboards using 10 % melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin based on dry particle weight was produced. The particle which has pretreated then utilized to produce binderless particleboard with board density of 0.75 g/cm3. The pressing conditions were 180 oC in temperature, 25 kgf/cm2 in pressure for 20 minutes. The board characteristics were tested according to JIS A 5908 2003. The results indicated that particleboard made from particle with oxydation pretreatment performed superior characteristics compared to those of particleboard made from particle only with water boiling pretreatment. Dimensional stability and modulus of elasticity of board with oxydation pretreatment were excellent. Its was superior compared to that of conventional particleboard using melamine formaldehyde as adhesive. Keywords : Bamboo, Binderless Particleboard, Oxydation, Hydrogen Peroxyde
No full textThe purpose of this study was to analyze the phisycal and mechanical properties of binderless particleboard using bamboo as raw materials. Andong bamboo (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinaceae) used in this study was taken from Bogor area. Bamboo was converted using hammer mill and air dried subsequently. The particle zise was passed of the 20 mesh screener. Three types pretreatment were used to prepare the particle, namely : 1) water boiling for 30 and 60 minutes, 2) oxydation using hydrogen peroxyde, and 3) combination of water boiling for 30 minutes and oxydation using hydrogen proxide. As a control, conventional particleboards using 10 % melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin based on dry particle weight was produced. The particle which has pretreated then utilized to produce binderless particleboard with board density of 0.75 g/cm3. The pressing conditions were 180 oC in temperature, 25 kgf/cm2 in pressure for 20 minutes. The board characteristics were tested according to JIS A 5908 2003. The results indicated that particleboard made from particle with oxydation pretreatment performed superior characteristics compared to those of particleboard made from particle only with water boiling pretreatment. Dimensional stability and modulus of elasticity of board with oxydation pretreatment were excellent. Its was superior compared to that of conventional particleboard using melamine formaldehyde as adhesive. Keywords : Bamboo, Binderless Particleboard, Oxydation, Hydrogen Peroxyd
The aim of this study was to evaluate dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn) of woods after tested those natural durability. Field tests by grave yard test were applied to prove the natural durability of jackfruit and mangium woods in ground contact. The method of non-destructive testing based on ultrasonic wave propagation was carried out to define ultrasonic velocity than that used for evaluating MOEdyn. The result showed that ultrasonic velocity of jackfruit and mangium woods decreased 3% and 0.5%, respectively after field test. There was a significant difference of MOEdyn value between before and after natural durability testings
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn) of woods after tested those natural durability. Field tests by grave yard test were applied to prove the natural durability of jackfruit and mangium woods in ground contact. The method of non-destructive testing based on ultrasonic wave propagation was carried out to define ultrasonic velocity than that used for evaluating MOEdyn. The result showed that ultrasonic velocity of jackfruit and mangium woods decreased 3% and 0.5%, respectively after field test. There was a significant difference of MOEdyn value between before and after natural durability testing
The objective of this research is to evaluate the characteristic of composite board made from coconut fibre, recycled polypropylene (RPP), and bamboo matting layers. The board samples target density was 0,70 g/cm3. The board construction type was core type composite board (three layers). Coconut fiber and RPP were used as core, and bamboo matting was used as face and back layers. RPP was used 50% based on coconut fiber oven dry weight. The bamboo sheet wide is 1 cm and 2 cm, with and without bark. The bamboo matting layers were used in slope (45˚) and perpendicular (0/90˚) orientation to length of the board. The research results showed that utilization of bamboo matting layers increase the mechanical properties of board. All of composite board made from coir, RPP, and bamboo matting layers fulfill the JIS A 5908 standard in density, thickness swelling after 24 hours of water immersions, and screw holding power. Only composite boards with bamboo matting layers with bark, sheet wide 1 cm, and perpendicular orientation to length of the board fulfill JIS A 5908 1994 standard for veneered particleboard in MOE. However, application of bamboo matting layers without bark is adviced better because more efficient in the raw material using. Keywords: Composites board, coconut fiber, recycled polyprophylene, bamboo matting layers
No full textThe objective of this research is to evaluate the characteristic of composite board made from coconut fibre, recycled polypropylene (RPP), and bamboo matting layers. The board samples target density was 0,70 g/cm3. The board construction type was core type composite board (three layers). Coconut fiber and RPP were used as core, and bamboo matting was used as face and back layers. RPP was used 50% based on coconut fiber oven dry weight. The bamboo sheet wide is 1 cm and 2 cm, with and without bark. The bamboo matting layers were used in slope (45˚) and perpendicular (0/90˚) orientation to length of the board. The research results showed that utilization of bamboo matting layers increase the mechanical properties of board. All of composite board made from coir, RPP, and bamboo matting layers fulfill the JIS A 5908 standard in density, thickness swelling after 24 hours of water immersions, and screw holding power. Only composite boards with bamboo matting layers with bark, sheet wide 1 cm, and perpendicular orientation to length of the board fulfill JIS A 5908 1994 standard for veneered particleboard in MOE. However, application of bamboo matting layers without bark is adviced better because more efficient in the raw material using. Keywords: Composites board, coconut fiber, recycled polyprophylene, bamboo matting layer
Nowadays wood supplies from natural forest are decreasing. Many efforts had been done to overcome this problem. One of them was by developing plantation forest, however it has not optimized yet because of many problems. Lately wood supplies were fulfilled by community forest woods. One of them is cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.). The research objective was to gain information on anatomical, physical, mechanical and chemical properties of C. burmanni Blume and to analyse its utilization based on these properties. Wood samples used were three logs of 15 years old with 25 cm diameter. It showed that wood texture was fine, between sapwood and heartwood was not distinguished well. Specific gravity was 0.56, while MOE, MOR, and compressive parallel to grain were 55.731 kg/cm2, 742 kg/cm2, and 392 kg/cm2, respectivelly. Solubility in ethanol benzene was 4.07%, cellulose content was 48.53%, hemicellulose was 15.71% and lignin was 22.72%. Based on those properties, it could be recommended that C. burmanni wood was suitable enough for furniture, pulp, and light construction purposes. Keywords : community forest, Cinnanomum burmanii Blume, wood properties, wood utilization.
No full textNowadays wood supplies from natural forest are decreasing. Many efforts had been done to overcome this problem. One of them was by developing plantation forest, however it has not optimized yet because of many problems. Lately wood supplies were fulfilled by community forest woods. One of them is cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.). The research objective was to gain information on anatomical, physical, mechanical and chemical properties of C. burmanni Blume and to analyse its utilization based on these properties. Wood samples used were three logs of 15 years old with 25 cm diameter. It showed that wood texture was fine, between sapwood and heartwood was not distinguished well. Specific gravity was 0.56, while MOE, MOR, and compressive parallel to grain were 55.731 kg/cm2, 742 kg/cm2, and 392 kg/cm2, respectivelly. Solubility in ethanol benzene was 4.07%, cellulose content was 48.53%, hemicellulose was 15.71% and lignin was 22.72%. Based on those properties, it could be recommended that C. burmanni wood was suitable enough for furniture, pulp, and light construction purposes. Keywords : community forest, Cinnanomum burmanii Blume, wood properties, wood utilization.
The objective of this research was to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of palm oil trunk. The result showed that in term of the vertical direction the lower part of stem had better physical (density, moisture content and shrinkage) and mechanical (modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, hardness, compressive and tensile strength parallel to grain) properties compared with medium and upper end part. In the horizontal direction the edge part of trunk had better physical and mechanical properties than medium and center part. Keywords : horizontal direction, palm oil stem, physical pro-perties, mechanical properties, vertical direction
No full textoai:ojs.journal.ipb.ac.id:article/4694The objective of this research was to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of palm oil trunk. The result showed that in term of the vertical direction the lower part of stem had better physical (density, moisture content and shrinkage) and mechanical (modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, hardness, compressive and tensile strength parallel to grain) properties compared with medium and upper end part. In the horizontal direction the edge part of trunk had better physical and mechanical properties than medium and center part. Keywords : horizontal direction, palm oil stem, physical pro-perties, mechanical properties, vertical directio
Candlenut shell as a lignocelullose raw material is a potential by-product for produce activated charcoal. It’s quality are affected by raw material and activated process i.e. temperature, activation time and activating agent. This paper intends to study the properties of activated charcoal made from candlenut shell. Candlenut shell was carbonization at 500 °Cfor 5 hour. Then activated using phosphoric acid in three different temperatures: 600 °C, 700 °C and 800 °C, in the duration time of 90, 120 and 150 minutes. The result shows that candlenut shell activated charcoal more influence of temperature than activation time. Overall, the activated charcoal met the Indonesian Standard requirement for commercialised activated charcoal with optimation activation at 800 °C for 120 minute. Keywords : Candlenut shell, activated charcoal, optimation, activation, phosphoric acid
No full textCandlenut shell as a lignocelullose raw material is a potential by-product for produce activated charcoal. It’s quality are affected by raw material and activated process i.e. temperature, activation time and activating agent. This paper intends to study the properties of activated charcoal made from candlenut shell. Candlenut shell was carbonization at 500 °Cfor 5 hour. Then activated using phosphoric acid in three different temperatures: 600 °C, 700 °C and 800 °C, in the duration time of 90, 120 and 150 minutes. The result shows that candlenut shell activated charcoal more influence of temperature than activation time. Overall, the activated charcoal met the Indonesian Standard requirement for commercialised activated charcoal with optimation activation at 800 °C for 120 minute. Keywords : Candlenut shell, activated charcoal, optimation, activation, phosphoric aci