HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
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The Effect of Papaya Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticle as a Potential Photoprotective Agent in Nanocosmetics
Full text linkIndonesia, as a tropical nation, experiences year-round ultraviolet radiation exposure. Excessive ultraviolet radiation, particularly UVB, accelerates premature skin aging, known as photoaging. UVB radiation induces photoaging by damaging DNA and increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to oxidative stress and results in increased apoptosis, melanogenesis, senescence, cell cycle arrest, and reduced cell migration capacity. Thus, identifying agents that can mitigate photoaging is crucial for developing skincare therapies. One of the alternative therapies currently being developed is plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs). Papaya (Carica papaya), renowned for its flavonoid and phenolic content, exhibits potent antioxidant properties and has been extensively utilized in skincare formulations. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of papaya-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (CP-PDEN) on inhibiting photoaging in 1BR3 fibroblast cell lines and zebrafish. Results indicated that CP-PDEN effectively internalized into 1BR3 cells and was categorized as nontoxic. The study then examined photoprotective effects after UVB irradiation (100 mJ/cm2) and found that CP-PDEN treatment resulted in better viability and nuclear morphology. Furthermore, CP-PDEN accelerates wound closure in 1BR3 cells and decreases melanocyte count in zebrafish compared with controls. In conclusion, CP-PDEN significantly enhanced cell viability and migration and suppressed melanogenesis, indicating its potential for anti-photoaging skincare applications
Crucial Habitats for the Spangled Ebony Langur: The Role of Former Production Forests in Alas Purwo National Park
No full textLand use conversion into production forests has led to habitat degradation for primates. On the other hand, most primates have started adapting to the presence of these habitats and have forced conservation efforts to focus on the production forests. Our study at the Kucur Resort, Alas Purwo National Park, reported the population estimates using distance sampling, composition and diversity of vegetation, and habitat suitability of Trachypithecus auratus using multi-algorithm approach in former production forests consisting of jungle and rehabilitation zones. Our study estimated the population density of T. auratus at around 1.29 individuals per km2. We found an association between the number of encounters and the diversity of vegetation in each zone, although it was dominated by Tectona grandis. In addition, we predict that the area of suitable habitat is always smaller than the unsuitable habitat and suggest the model from Boosted Regression Tree as a management reference. We assume that the presence of T. auratus in this habitat is influenced by food availability, distance from settlements, and slope. This study provides reliable information on the potential of reforesting production forests as a habitat for T. auratus and deserve conservation attention
New Distribution Record of Tetrigona apicalis (Smith, 1857) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) in Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia
No full textUjung Kulon National Park (UKNP) is located in the western part of Java Island, Indonesia. This national park was designated a Natural World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1992. The stingless bee species, Tetrigona apicalis (Apidae: Meliponini), has not previously been documented in specific locations on Java Island. In this study, we found a new distribution record of T. apicalis in UKNP. Here, we described of its nest-entrance characteristics, morphological features, and morphometry. The colony of bee species was found in the forest of Mount Honje, UKNP, Indonesia, at an altitude of 883 m asl. The nest is located in a Tiliaceae tree cavity at a height of 420 cm from the ground surface. The shape of the nest entrance of the bee species was irregular, with a longitudinal diameter of 3.2 cm and a vertical diameter of 5.7 cm, and it had a light brown color. Locally, this bee is known as teuwel meunyan, referring to a traditional incense burner due to the aromatic scent associated with its use in religious rituals. The findings contribute to the current knowledge of the distribution of T. apicalis on Java Island, particularly within UKNP, and provide data for future conservation and sustainable utilization efforts
Silicon Enhances Banana Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense through Ethylene Signaling Modulation and Root Tissue Protection
No full textFusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4) is an agent of banana\u27s vascular wilt that severely hampers production. It has been indicated that silicon (Si) might play a role in plant defense, but the banana–Foc pathosystem mechanism needs to be investigated. This study aimed to assess the impact of Si supplementation on banana plant responses to Foc infection, particularly using a completely randomized design arranged in four treatments: Control, Foc, Si, and Si*Foc. The transcript levels of the ethylene-receptor (EIN1, EIN3), ethylene-response factor (ERF1, ERF2), and the defense marker PR4 were quantified using qRT-PCR. Phenotypic observation, corm lesion severity, and root anatomy were also evaluated. Results indicated that early ethylene signaling (EIN1, EIN3) was down-regulated, and ERF2 was up-regulated in the presence of Si during Foc infection. Foc-infected plants treated with Si displayed smaller lesion areas, greater root structural stability, and less aerenchyma formation. Plant growth reduction caused by Foc was also relieved by Si, showing increased root-to-shoot biomass ratios and modified leaf shape. Multivariate analysis validated differences in physiological and transcriptional patterns in Si*Foc plants. These results indicate that Si improves banana resistance to Foc by regulating ethylene-mediated defense, tissue integrity, and stress resistance
Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) Tuber Extract Modulated Gut Microbiota and Improved Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Mice
No full textType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and has become a global health concern. Gut microbiota alterations significantly influence diabetes onset, which can be mitigated through prebiotic intake. Arrowroot tubers (Maranta arundinacea L.) possess prebiotic potential due to their oligosaccharide and dietary fiber content. This study evaluated the effects of arrowroot tuber extract on blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and gut microbiota composition in a T2DM mouse model. Tubers were macerated in ethanol, and BALB/c mice were fed a high-fat diet for five weeks, followed by streptozotocin injection (35 mg/kg) to induce T2DM. Mice received 150 mg of arrowroot tuber extract orally for 28 days. Blood glucose levels were measured on days 0, 14, and 28, and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Cecal samples collected after four weeks underwent 16S rRNA sequencing, and data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA (p<0.05). Treatment with arrowroot tuber extract for 28 days reduced blood glucose levels by 40.5% and improved glucose tolerance. The extract modulated gut microbiota, decreasing harmful bacteria while increasing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera such as Lachnospiraceae NK4A136, Ligilactobacillus, and Alistipes. These results indicate that arrowroot tuber extract can beneficially alter gut microbiota composition and ameliorate hyperglycemia, suggesting its potential as a prebiotic-based therapeutic strategy for managing T2DM
Melissopalynological Analysis Revealed a Higher Pollen Diversity in Stingless Bees than in Honey Bees
No full textIdentifying floral resources used by honey bees and stingless bees is essential for sustainable beekeeping and understanding pollination ecology. This study compared the diversity of floral resources utilized by the honey bee Apis cerana and stingless bees Geniotrigona thoracica and Heterotrigona itama based on pollen in honey. Bee colonies were in the same Flora Nauli Beekeeping area, Pematang Siantar, North Sumatra, Indonesia, ensuring equal access to similar surrounding floral resources. Honey samples were collected, and pollen grains were extracted, acetolysed, and analyzed by counting 1,200 grains to determine frequency classes. Pollen diversity was calculated using the Shannon–Wiener index (H′). Stingless bee honey contained more diverse pollen than A. cerana, which only contained pollen from the Arecaceae family. Heterotrigona itama and G. thoracica honey contained pollen from 20 and 11 plant families, respectively. Each species had a distinct predominant pollen type (>45%): Cocos nucifera (A. cerana), Sapotaceae type (G. thoracica), and Casuarinaceae type (H. itama). A higher pollen diversity index was also observed in H. itama (1.05-1.83) than in G. thoracica (0.34–1.64) and A. cerana (0.66). These results indicate that stingless bees are more generalist than honey bees, highlighting their ecological role in supporting pollination networks in tropical agroecosystems
Comparative Analysis of the Age, Gender, and Ferritin Levels with Hepcidin in Iraqi Patients Suffering Beta Thalassemia (Major and Intermedia)
No full textBeta thalassemia is a hereditary, autosomal recessive blood condition. The present investigation aims to assess the relationship between ferritin and hepcidin serum levels, age, and gender in patients with β-thalassemia major (βTM) and β-thalassemia intermedia (βTI). Two groups of 100 patients, including 39 females and 61 males, were identified: 73 patients had (βTM), and 27 had range spans. The age range spans from 1 to 46 years. The patients were registered at the Al-Krama Teaching Hospital, Hereditary Blood Disorder Center, Baghdad, between June 2023 and April 2024. The study\u27s control group consisted of 50 healthy individuals in similar age groups. Human ELISA kits were used to measure the amounts of serum ferritin and hepcidin. The mean age of the βTM and βTI patients differed significantly from that of the control groups (p-value 0.001). Gender-wise, males were more affected than females in the βTM and βTI groups. The Hb concentration was much lower in the patient\u27s blood samples. The Ferritin with hepcidin concentrations in the serum of βTM and βTI showed a significant difference at the 0.001 level. The control had the lowest value. The current study\u27s findings demonstrated elevated blood levels of hepcidin and Ferritin in the βTM and βTI groups, with the βTI group showing noticeably higher levels
Quantitative Analysis of hsa-miR-21-5p Expression in Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes Under Hypoxia
Full text linkExosomes have emerged as a cell-free alternative to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Hypoxic preconditioning might result in the production of exosomes with ideal properties. As such, the effect of hypoxia on hsa-mir-21-5p expression, which is known to contribute to the immunomodulatory activity of exosomes, should be investigated. This research aimed to enrich and characterize exosomes from human umbilical cord MSC (hUC-MSC) secretome samples secreted under hypoxia and normoxia, as well as to analyze the expression of hsa-miR-21-5p in each sample. Secretomes were collected from cultured cells under both hypoxic and normoxic conditions, and exosomes were subsequently enriched from the secretomes through ultrafiltration. In this research, it was found that particles in N-Exo and H-Exo exhibited round morphology, expressed exosomal CD81 and CD63 markers with an average size of 153.7 ± 31.3 nm and 137.7 ± 25.0 nm, respectively. N-Exo and H-Exo can also be internalized by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). qRT-PCR results then indicated that hsa-miR-21-5p expression was significantly lower in H-Exo (p < 0.05). In conclusion, hypoxic preconditioning, as performed in this research, was also found to affect hsa-miR-21-5p and downregulate its expression in hypoxic samples relative to controls
Medium Optimization for Recombinant Human Papillomavirus Type 52 L1 Protein Production in Pichia pastoris GS115 Platform on Bioreactor Scale
Full text linkHuman papillomavirus (HPV) stands as the primary etiological agent in the development of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. The L1 protein is a pivotal constituent of prophylactic HPV vaccines. Notably, HPV type 52 is one of the most prevalent genotypes found in squamous cell carcinoma cases in Indonesia. This research endeavor aims to enhance the productivity of recombinant HPV-52 L1 protein by optimizing the culture conditions of P. pastoris GS115 cells. In this study, we conducted trials employing 17 different media variants to optimize the expression of recombinant HPV-52 L1 protein. The results from small-scale experiments revealed three media, namely SYN6.10, BMMY, and SYN6.1, which exhibited promising yields of recombinant HPV-52 L1 protein as assessed through ELISA or immunoassay analysis. We succeeded in refining the SYN6.10 derivative, denoted as SYN6.10b, specifically designed for use in 1-L and 5-L bioreactors. This achievement was realized by adjusting Trace Element Solution (TES) and Vitamin Solution (VS) concentrations and implementing a methanol fed-batch phase with the addition of 0.3% methanol after 24 and 48 hours of fermentation in the P. pastoris medium. Further visualizations through SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis confirmed the protein after 72 hours of fermentation in a 1-L bioreactor using the SYN6.10b medium. In conclusion, the SYN6.10b medium required a 72 hours fermentation period to successfully express recombinant HPV-52 L1 protein in the P. pastoris platform
Nutritional Investigation, LC-MS-Based Phytochemical Profiling, and Antioxidant Assay of Two Edible Flowers
No full textTwo commonly consumed, yet under-researched, edible flowers—Malvaviscus arboreus (Topi Turki) and Acmella paniculata (Jotang)—were comprehensively analyzed to assess their potential as functional food sources. This study investigated their nutritional content, phytochemical profiles, antioxidant activity, and organoleptic properties. Our methodology, conducted between July and December, 2024, involved a multi-faceted approach—proximate analysis quantified ash, moisture, protein, fat, fiber, carbohydrates, and total energy. Freeze-dried samples underwent LC-MS for phytochemical identification, and antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH assay. Organoleptic preferences were evaluated through a hedonic test where 30 panelists rated color, aroma, taste, and overall acceptance. Key findings revealed distinct differences. A. paniculata presented higher protein (18.75%), fat (21.71%), and fiber (24.10%), leading to a greater total energy (213.84 kcal/50g). In contrast, M. arboreus showed higher moisture (21.22%) and carbohydrates (48.12%). Phytochemical profiling by LC-MS indicated that M. arboreus contained 51 phytochemicals, primarily phenolics (13.52%), while A. paniculata had a remarkable 170 phytochemicals, dominated by alkaloids (2.94%). Importantly, M. arboreus demonstrated superior antioxidant activity (IC50 92.74 µg/mL, strong) compared to A. paniculata (IC50 156.95 µg/mL, weak) in the DPPH assay. Organoleptically, M. arboreus was preferred for its color, taste, and overall acceptability, with no significant difference in aroma. Overall, both M. arboreus and A. paniculata exhibit promising nutritional value and bioactive potential for functional food applications. This research highlights the significant potential of these edible flowers to diversify plant-based diets and contribute to the development of novel health-promoting products. Future research should focus on optimizing processing techniques and exploring diverse food applications to maximize their utilization