HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
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In Silico Analysis of Gene Expression Location and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of The Glucagon Like Peptide 1 Receptor (GLP-1R)
Get PDFAssociation studies of SNPs have become very important in determining how genetic variants are linked to complex diseases, quantitative traits, and physiological responses. Genetic polymorphisms in the GLP-1R gene have potentially decreased protein stability and are associated with many diseases, especially diabetes and obesity. This study aimed to screen the expression and investigate the genetic polymorphism of the GLP-1R by using several beneficial bioinformatics tools. We observed database Ensembl, GTEx portal, and KEGG to identify the structure, expression, and molecular pathway of GLP-1R. In silico computational methods (SIFT, PolyPhen v2, PROVEAN, and PhD-SNP) were used to identify nsSNPs of the GLP-1R that potentially influence protein structure and function. I-Mutant was used to investigate possibly damaging nsSNPs, while GeneMANIA was used to investigate GLP-1R gene-gene interactions. GLP-1R is localized on chromosome 6p21, contains 13 exons, and has the regulation variant (CTCF, promotor, enhancer, and promotor flank region). GLP-1R is highly expressed in the pancreas to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion and suppress glucagon secretion. Seven nsSNPs of the GLP-1R gene were found to be potentially deleterious: rs10305421, rs201672448, rs10305492, rs2295006, rs6923761, rs1042044, rs140642887, and rs10305510. I-Mutant server showed that nsSNPs rs140642887 was unstable, decreased GLP-1R protein stability, and impaired other genes\u27 interaction and function (SP1, SP3, GNAS, and GCG). This study is the first in silico analysis of the polymorphic GLP-1R gene, and will serve as a great resource for developing precision medications to treat diseases associated with these polymorphisms
Biodefluorination of Perfluorooctanesulphonate by Ensifer adhaerens M1
Get PDFA strain of bacteria M1, defluorinating perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), was isolated from soil taken from the territory for testing fire extinguishing agents. The analysis of cultural, morphological, physiological and biochemical characters, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing allowed us to identify strain M1 as Ensifer adhaerens. The uniquely skill of the isolated strain to utilize PFOS in a mineral liquid medium for 5 days of cultivation was shown. It was found that E. adhaerens M1 transforms perfluorooctanesulfonic acid into perfluoroheptanoic acid, releasing 152 mg/L of free fluoride ions from 1,000 mg/L of PFOS. The data obtained allow us to recommend E. adhaerens M1 as potential treatment agent of the environment from organofluorine compounds
Physalis angulata Leaf Ethanol Extract Reduces Oxidative Stress and Improves Endothelial Progenitor Cells in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) leaf ethanol extract on L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. We randomly divided twenty-five Wistar rats into five groups. The sham group was given a PBS injection. The hypertensive group was injected with L-NAME on days 1 to 28. Three groups of hypertensive rats were given the extract on days 4 to 28. Blood pressure was measured using the tail-cuff method on days 0, 4, 10, and 27. The endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the blood were measured by flow cytometry as a percentage of circulating angiogenic cells (CACs, CD34+/CD309+/CD45+) and endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs, CD34+/CD309+/CD45-). Serum NO and MDA levels, as well as serum SOD activity, were measured colorimetrically. Serum TNF-α levels were measured by the ELISA method. The ciplukan leaf extract reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, reduced the percentage of EPCs in the blood, increased serum NO levels, reduced MDA levels, increased serum SOD activity, and reduced serum TNF-α levels in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. It is concluded that ciplukan ethanol leaf extract exerts protective effects on L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. These study results can strengthen the scientific basis of using ciplukan leaf ethanol extract to treat hypertension
Entomopathogenic Fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) Pathogenicity to Egg, Larvae, and Adult of Aedes aegypti
Get PDFFungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) were identified morphologically and molecularly, and their pathogenicity to egg, larvae, and adult Aedes aegypti was evaluated. The fungal isolates used for bioassay were 11 isolates from this study and 4 isolates from the laboratory collection. Fifteen isolates of five fungal species (Metarhizium anisopliae, Penicillium citrinum, Talaromyces diversus, Beauveria bassiana, and Purpureocillium lilacinum) from South Sumatra, Indonesia, were pathogenic to the egg, larvae, and adult of Ae. aegypti. Egg mortality caused by M. anisopliae isolate MSwTp3 was the highest (38.31%). A novel finding of this study was that the eggs exposed to the fungus not only killed the eggs but could continue to kill the emerging larvae, pupae, and adults. The five fungal species induced larval mortality between 52.22−94.44% and adult mortality between 50.00−92.22%. Fungal strains belonging to M. anisopliae, P. citrinum, T. diversus, and B. bassiana from South Sumatra seem to possess remarkable ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal activity against Ae. aegypti. M. anisopliae, P. citrinum, T. diversus, and B. bassiana had the potential as entomopathogens to be developed into ovicides, larvicides, and adulticides for controlling Ae. aegypti
Genetic Parameters, Inter-relationship Among Agronomic Traits and Dehulled Rice Morpho-Biochemical Profile of Promising Black Rice x Mentik Wangi Lines
Get PDFA comprehensive understanding of the genetic parameters and the interrelationship among characters in the breeding population is crucial for selecting low amylose and high antioxidant black rice varieties. Meanwhile, dehulled rice morpho-biochemistry profile can be used to determine the grain quality of F6 and F7 lines of Black Rice x Mentik Wangi var. The objectives of this study were to determine the agronomic traits, figure up the genetic parameters, describe the relationship among agronomic characteristics of the F6 lines, and determine the morpho-biochemical profile of F7 dehulled rice. Agronomic traits showed a difference in each line. Genetic parameters in each trait showed various categories. Path analysis showed that the number of tillers affected the dry weight and grain weight per panicle, but the plant dry weight did not directly affect the weight of 1,000 grain. Directly, the weight of 1,000 grain was only significantly affected by the grain weight per panicle trait. The F7 lines had a difference in grain length and amylose content. The dehulled rice color of the two lines showed the combination of the two parents. Based on the student T-test conducted on F6 and F7 grain, there was no difference in antioxidant content between the two sample groups. The antioxidant activity of all lines was in the range between the antioxidant activities of the two checked varieties. Although further research is still needed, the lines have the potency to be developed as low amylose pigmented rice
Some Hatchery Parameters of Three Species of Groupers: Tiger Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus), Humpback Grouper (Cromileptes altivelis), and Leopard Coral Grouper (Plectropomus leopardus)
Get PDFThree species of groupers, including tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus), humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis), and leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus), have been successfully cultivated. However, the constraints on larviculture that have been described still arise in the hatchery. This study compares several hatchery parameters in these three grouper species representing three different genera (Epinephelus, Cromileptes, and Plectropomus). The egg incubation and larval rearing were carried out in a concrete tank (3 x 3 x 1.2 m3) filled with 6-7 m3 seawater. Eggs were stocked with a density of 100,000 eggs/tank. The grouper larvae were reared until they became juvenile. The eggs were incubated until they were hatched in the same container and media as larval rearing. Larvae were reared until 60 dah (days after hatching), and data were taken from the rearing for three cycle\u27s larval culture. Management of grouper larval rearing follows the Good Fish Hatchery Method (Cara Pembenihan Ikan yang Baik/CPIB) based on Indonesian National Standard (Standar Nasional Indonesia/SNI). The experimental parameters were egg diameter, hatching rate, larvae mouth opening width, survival activity index (SAI), larvae development, and total body length growth. The several hatchery parameters in three grouper fish species are significantly different. The tiger grouper has the best larval performance
Biological Aspects and Feeding Ecology of Sembilang Plotosus canius in Langsa Estuary
Get PDFThe knowledge of the biological aspects and feeding activity of fish is required to manage the lack of data on fisheries. In this study, a total of 200 Plotosus canius were caught and examined to obtain information on their biological aspects, length-weight relationship, and feeding activity. The fish were captured using a gill net and traditional fishing trap called Bubu. Subsequently, all samples were examined for total body weight, total length, condition factor, gonad maturity, and feeding activity. The results showed that the specimens captured were 156 males and 44 females weighing between 95-280 gr and 117-214 gr with the length of 26-39 cm and 28-36.3 cm, respectively. The length-weight relationship showed a negative allometric growth pattern. The mean condition factors of males and females were 1.1048 and 1.0102, respectively. At the same time, the maturity level of gonads was at I and II. Moreover, it was discovered that most organisms in the digestive tract were shrimp, worms, small fish, and crabs, while the highest index of preponderance was in shrimp with 42%. In conclusion, this study showed the new information about length-weight, biological condition, and feeding habits of Plotosus canius, which can be inventoried to strengthen data on sustainable fisheries management
DNA Barcode Characterization of Chocolate Hind Grouper (Cephalopholis boenak) in Several Indonesia Waters with the New Sequences Record from Madura Island
Get PDFThis study aims to describe the molecular characteristics of DNA barcodes in chocolate hind grouper (Cephalopholis boenak) in Indonesian waters with new sequence records from Madura Island waters. Partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) gene were successfully obtained from two samples of C. boenak in Madura Island waters. In contrast, the other sequences were obtained from the BOLD system database, covering the Islands of Bali, Lombok, and Ambon waters. The overall molecular analysis involved 10 C. boenak sequences with a length of 625 bp. The results indicated that the population of C. boenak in Indonesia waters has high genetic diversity, as evidenced by the value of haplotype diversity (Hd) = 0.956 and nucleotide sequence diversity (Pi) = 0.01746, in which the population is distributed into eight haplotypes. Results of phylogenetic tree reconstruction of neighbor-joining and maximum-likelihood indicate similar topology. The branching of NJ and ML phylogenetic trees of C. boenak in Indonesia waters is grouped into two geographical clades. Clade 1 with the subpopulations of the waters from Madura, Bali, and Lombok Islands. Clade 2 with the subpopulations of the waters from Ambon Island. The results of the median-joining network reconstruction depicted a similar topology with both phylogenetic trees
Evaluation of Nutrient Content and Antioxidant Activity of Wood Ear Mushroom (Auricularia auricula-Judae) in the Addition of Reeds (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv) as a Cultivation Medium
Get PDFThe nutritional content of mushrooms depends on the type of substrate in the growing medium. Lignocellulose is one of the substrates used for fungal growth media. In this study, the effect of adding dried reeds (Imperata cylindrical (L.) Beauv) on Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen) sawdust-based media was investigated for wood ear mushroom (Auricularia auricula-Judae) fruiting body. Reeds have been added to Sengon sawdust as wood ear mushroom cultivated medium with variations of S0, S1, S2, S3, and S4 (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of reeds, respectively). S0 was designed as the negative control and S4 as the positive control. The evaluation was carried out against the C/N ratio, yield, biological efficiency (BE), nutritional content, and antioxidant activity of fruiting body mushrooms after 10, 20, and 30 days planted. The highest C/N ratio and BE were obtained from the S1 medium. The lowest moisture content was obtained from the S0 medium. The lowest fat content was obtained from the S4 medium. The best result of nutritional analysis includes the following; the highest total carbohydrate, ash, crude fiber, and crude protein content was obtained from S3, S4, S3, and S0. Furthermore, the best result of antioxidant activity against ABTS and DPPH was obtained at methanol extract of fruiting body mushrooms from S1 medium, compared with ascorbic acid as the positive control. This study has shown that adding reeds to the cultivated medium influences the growth, nutritional content, and antioxidant activity of wood ear mushrooms
Resistance of Nilaparvata lugens to Fenobucarb and Imidacloprid and Susceptibility to Neem Oil Insecticides
Get PDFThis study aims to monitor and determine the level of resistance of N. lugens to fenobucarb and imidacloprid, to analyse of the specific activities of asetylcholinesterase, Glutation S-Transferase, esterase, and to determine sensitivity of resistant N. lugens to the neem oil. Resistance tests were conducted on a field population from Cipunagara, Subang, West Java, Indonesia, and a standard population originating from Banyuwangi, East Java, that was obtained from the Indonesian Center for Rice Research. Synthetic and neem Insecticides were applied using the leaf-stem dipping method. The resistance ratio obtained by comparing the LC50 value of the field population with the standard. The test insects were considered to be resistant to synthetic insecticide if they had a resistance ratio (RR) of more than 4, indicated resistance if RR ≥1, and susceptible to neem if has RR <1. The results of the research showed that the N. lugens population of Cipunagara indicated resistance to fenobucarb (RR = 2.43), while it was clearly resistance to imidacloprid (RR = 13.95). Specific activities of the acetylcholinesterase and Glutathione S-Transferase of the N. lugens Cipunagara populations were higher than the standard, while the esterase specific activity was lower. These two enzymes are responsible for the resistance of N. lugens to fenobucarb and imidacloprid. Nevertheless, the N. lugens population of Cipunagara was susceptible to neem (RR <1) that never been reported before. Therefore, it is important to know the change in the sensitivity of the target and the metabolic pathway of the insecticide used to manage insect resistance