HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
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Production, Characterization, and Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Phytase from Aspergillus niger Isolates of an Indonesia Origin
Get PDFThis research aimed at analyzing the phytase from fungal isolates SB1, SB2, BS, and WF produced in cornstarch with glucose medium (CS+Glu) as carbon sources and Potatoes dextrose broth (PDB). The activity of phytase from isolates SB1, SB2, BS, and WF produced in CS+Glu medium was 2.97 UmL-1, 2.87 UmL-1, 3.18 UmL-1, and 4.37 UmL-1, respectively, while the activity of phytases was 2.07 UmL-1, 2.17 UmL-1, 2.22 UmL-1, and 2.78 UmL-1 respectively in PDB medium. The optimal temperature of SB1 and WF phytase was 40°C, while SB2 and BS were 50°C and 60°C, respectively. The optimal pH of SB1 and WF phytase was 5.0, while SB2 and BS phytase were 6.0, and 4.0 respectively. 18S rRNA gene analysis revealed that SB1 was 99% identical to Aspergillus niger ANTS (KY825168.1), SB2, BS, and WF were 99% identical to A. niger Moriga leaf (MG889596.1). Multiple sequences and phylogenetic analysis of phytase gene showed that phyA_SB1 and phyA_SB2 were 98% homology with A. ficuum (AAB26466), 97% with A. niger (ADP05107) while phyA_WF was 99% with A. ochraceoroseus (PLB29348), 98% with A. niger (ADP05105). The deduced proteins contain conserved motifs RHGARYPTD at N-terminal while lacking HD motif at C-terminal. These phytases were in the same cluster with Aspergillus sp. phytase A indicating that they belong to Histidine Acid Phosphatases (HAP) family
Squash Leaf Curl Virus: Species of Begomovirus as the Cause of Butternut Squash Yield Losses in Indonesia
Get PDFCurling symptom was found in pumpkin plants in Bali, and the PCR detection result using Begomovirus universal primers indicated Begomovirus infection. Further research was conducted to determine the distribution, molecular character of SLCV, and yield loss of the pumpkins. Sampling was carried out at pumpkin plantations in 9 districts in Bali. Detection and identification were carried out using PCR method, followed by cloning and DNA sequencing. DNA band with the measurement of 900 bp was successfully amplified from several pumpkin samples from Denpasar, Gianyar, and Buleleng. Homology analysis of nucleotide sequences using the database in GenBank of SLCV of Balinese isolates showed the highest homology and kinship of 97.3-98.4% and 98.4-99.3% respectively with East Timor isolates from pumpkin plants. The phylogeny analysis showed that SLCV Indonesian isolates were in the same group as Asian isolates. The result of this study is the first report on infection and molecular characterization of SLCV in pumpkin plants in Indonesia. The yield loss caused by curling disease on individual pumpkin plants was 56.3%, and the disease caused a decrease in the quality of harvest fruits. Yield loss estimation caused by the disease in fields with different levels of disease intensity ranged from 10.02 to 25.83%. It was equal to yield loss ranging from IDR 878,400.00 to IDR 10,826,400.00 depending on the disease intensity. It is found that the correlation between curling disease severity and yield loss was high
Clinical and Hematological Parameters of Captive Timor Deer (Rusa timorensis) under Physical Restraint
Get PDFTimor deer (Rusa timorensis) is native species in Indonesia that faces many threatening issues. Studies related to the health aspects of Timor deer are considered essential to provide some information related to deer health management in captivity. Deer handling procedures in captivity in Indonesia are commonly carried out with physical restraint. Physical restraint in animals is known to cause various changes in animals’ clinical and hematological values. This study aimed to determine the clinical and hematological parameters of Timor deer under physical restraint in captivity. This study used ten Timor deer that consisted of five stags and five hinds. The deer was positioned in a chute, then continued with the physical examination and blood sampling. Parameters observed in this study are clinical and hematological parameters. This study showed that clinical parameters of Timor deer under physical restraint have significant differences between sex groups, except for respiration rate parameters. Hematological parameters of physically restrained Timor deer did not show significant differences between sex groups, except for basophil parameters. This study concluded that physical restraint could affect the clinical and hematological parameters of Timor deer
Population Estimate of Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) on Tinjil Island
Get PDFTinjil Island was established as a Natural Habitat Breeding Facility for long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in 1997. Between February 1998 and January 2007, 603 (61 males and 542 females) simian retrovirus (SRV) free long-tailed macaques were introduced to the island on the south coast of West Java and function as a primate resource and conservation program. To date, 3256 progenies have been harvested and used as the animal model. Therefore, it is necessary to survey the current population of the long-tailed macaques to evaluate whether the population is still under the island’s carrying capacity. This research aims to identify the population estimate of long-tailed macaques currently occupying the island. The observation was conducted in July 2021 using line transect sampling starting from 07.00 AM and 01.00 PM. Twelve observations were conducted during the study using CD and ES transects. CD (Chuck Darsono) and ES (Emil Salim) are the two longest trails on the island and represent the names of the people who initiated the captive breeding of Tinjil Island. The estimated group density of the long-tailed macaques on Tinjil Island is 13.46 groups/km2, while the estimated population density is 111.04 individuals/km2. The population estimated on the island is 627.38±23.53 individuals. The number indicates that the population is still under carrying capacity
Effect of Media Variation on the Induction and Phytochemical Profile of Callus in Two Varieties of Cat\u27s Whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus Blume Miq)
Get PDFThe levels of rosmarinic acid and sinensetin in purple and white-purple varieties of Orthosiphon aristatus, cat\u27s whiskers, can be increased using modified in vitro culture. This work focused on callus induction of the purple and white-purple variety of cat\u27s whiskers grown on Gamborg (B5) and CHU (N6) with the addition of growth regulators 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetis acid. Our observation suggested that the callus could grow within three weeks and produce rosmarinic acid and sinensetin. The level of sinensetin from various extraction methods is relatively low; in contrast, the rosmarinic acid from purple callus was detected at about 5% w/w, while the white-purple variety was around 2% w/w. The results of this study also provided new information on the basic media other than MS that can grow cat\u27s whiskers callus while producing active compounds
The Effects of Ultraviolet B on The Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Formulations Against Tobacco Armyworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Get PDFTobacco armyworm (Spodoptera litura Fab.) is one of the major insect pests of crops in Indonesia. The management of this pest still depends on the use of chemical insecticides. The use of bio-insecticides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt.), are known to be alternatives, but it easily degraded by sunlight. This research aimed to study the effects of UV B on Bt. pathogenicity and to explore plant-based additives as UV B protectants for Bt. against armyworm. Thirteen plant extracts were screened based on their UV spectra absorbencies using UV spectrophotometry. The extracts, namely cloves, Jicama, Celebes pepper, turmeric, and Moringa, then used for the formulations of Bt. and exposed under UV B lights for 0, 72, and 144 h. After exposure to UV B, Bt. formulations were tested for bioassay against one- day-old 1st and one day old 2nd larval instars of tobacco armyworm. The result indicated that at 72 and 144 h of UV B exposures, the Bt. added formulations were signifcantly different compared to Bt. alone. At 72 h exposure against the 2nd larval instar, the larval mortality of tobacco armyworm on the second day of observation on Bt. formulated with Celebes pepper and turmeric was 97.3 and 80%, respectively, whereas, at 144 h exposure, the mortality was 96 and 89.3%, respectively. This study concluded that Celebes pepper and turmeric extracts were the potential to be used as the Bt. protectants against UV B
Structure Identification and Quality Assessment of Laccase (Lac InaCC) from Neurospora crassa by Using a Structure Prediction
Get PDFLaccases are multi-copper oxidase enzyme, developed for being applied widely. The laccase gene in this study was isolated from local isolates of Neurospora crassa (LAC inaCC). The structure of this enzyme has not been known and there is no laccase structure of Neurospora crassa based on protein structure development in database. Here, we aimed to analyze the characteristics of the sequence and prediction structure, the structure quality after refinement through the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. LAC inaCC has been identified with typical sequence motifs (HWH, HSH, HXXH) which played role in copper-binding on 274(HWH)G-DG-T-CP on CBL-1, 314GT-WY(HSH)FS-QYG-G on CBL-2, and 607HPIHL on CBL-3. The four copper atoms have an important role in the catalytic activity. LAC inaCC is a multi-subunit enzyme consisted of three functional domains with structural motifs of Greek-key β barrel which is typical structure motif. Refinement in the prediction structure through the MD simulation showed that this method was proven to be able to improve the structure quality. The increase on the most favoured area on Ramachandran plot, clashcore percentile score, and molprobity score showed that the laccase structure headed to conformation change, to be more stable conformation with better resolution compared to earlier prediction structure
Characteristics of The Three Cultivar Physiological Growth of Jatropha curcass L. in Two Different Locations Based on Topography
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to reveal the sensitivity of cross-location based on topography by giving different FMA consortiums to physiological growth characteristics in three Jatropha curcass L. cultivars. Based on these objectives, the nature of this research is verification. Experiments were carried out in two different places based on topography. The trial time starts from November 2017 to May 2018. Experiments A simple randomized block design (RBD) pattern consisting of fifteen treatment combinations is repeated twice. The experimental results showed that the dose of 10 gr FMA consortium (glomus sp., Acaulospora sp., Gigaspora sp.). With the same spore density gave the best performance of Jatropha plant growth in two different locations based on topography. Observation of chlorophyll content in leaves (age 21, 63, 21 DAP in two locations), plant height (age 21, 63, 21 DAP in two locations), stem diameter (age 21, 63, 21 DAP in two locations) and number of branches secondary (age 21 DAP in two locations) there was a significant effect on the single factor of giving the FMA consortium but there was no interaction between location and treatment
Economic Valuation of Mangrove Ecosystem at Gerung District, West Lombok Regency
Get PDFResearch regarding economic valuation of mangrove in Gerung District, West Lombok Regency has been conducted. The purposes of this research were to calculate and analyze economic value from mangrove ecosystem at Gerung District. Research methods used observation and interviews. Direct Economic Value (DEV) were obtained from direct use of mangrove with a value IDR. 227,040,000/year. Indirect Economic Value (IEV)were calculated from mangrove ecosystem services with a value IDR. 1,405,041,200/year, Existence Value (EV) was obtained by Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) with a value IDR. 1,520,000/year. Option Value (OV) were calculated from biodiversity value with a value were IDR. 1,200,000/year. Total Economic Value (TEV) of mangrove in Gerung District were IDR. 1,634,801,200/year
Identification and Histological Observation of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Medicinal Plant, Physalis angulata L.
Get PDFSome endophytic fungi species live in medicinal plant tissue and does not make any damage, but live in symbiotic mutualism relationship with the host plant. This research was done to: 1) identify the endophytic fungi species isolated from P. angulata leaf, twig, and stem bark tissues, 2) determine the endophytic fungi colonization in the P. angulata plant tissue by histologic observation. The endophytic fungi was isolated from healthy P. angulata plant parts, then inoculated on Potato Dextrose Agar medium and incubated in 27°C for 7-14 days. Each endophytic fungi isolates were identified. The histologic observation was done by microscopic observation to determine the endophytic fungi position in the plant tissue. The conclusion are: 1) seven endophytic fungi species were found: Penicillium verrucosum, Colletotrichum alienum, Fusarium subglutinans, Aspergillus nidulans, Mycelia sterilia 1, Mycelia sterilia 2, and Rhizoctonia sp.; 2) the endophytic fungi micelium was found on the leaf epidermis cell wall, on the twig epidermis cell wall, and parenchyma cell wall, on the stem bark epidermis cell wall. The suggestion of the study: it is need to make the next research about secondary metabolites content produced by endophytic fungi species isolated from P. angulata and their antimicrobial activity