HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
Not a member yet
1069 research outputs found
Sort by
Sleep Quality and Its Dimensions in Indonesian Shift and Non-Shift Workers
No full textSleep quality is crucial in maintaining overall well-being, but is often disrupted by irregular working hours. Shift work, as an example of irregular working hours, has been linked to disrupted sleep due to circadian desynchronization. Previous studies worldwide on the difference in sleep quality between shift and non-shift workers have remained inconsistent, likely due to variations in work environments, behavioral and sociodemographic factors, and sample sizes. The objective of this study was to evaluate variations in sleep quality between shift and non-shift workers and to explore the underlying factors associated with sleep disruption in both groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 218 workers (99 shift workers and 119 non-shift workers). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was applied to assess sleep quality, followed by statistical analyses to compare overall and individual component scores between groups. No significant difference was found in global PSQI scores between shift (8.75±3.01) and non-shift workers (8.22±2.8). However, when we evaluated sleep components between the two groups, shift workers showed significantly poorer subjective sleep quality (p = 0.0375) and lower sleep efficiency (p = 0.04471). Further analysis revealed significant associations between PSQI scores, shift frequency, and the number of diseases. Higher shift frequency and a greater number of diseases were associated with increased PSQI scores, indicating poorer sleep quality. These findings suggest that while overall sleep quality may not differ substantially by work schedule, specific components and individual factors, such as health status and workload frequency, contribute to variations in sleep quality
Coat Color Variation and Hair Color Banding in the Papuan Bandicoot (Echymipera kalubu, Marsupialia: Peramelidae)
No full textCoat color in mammals plays important adaptive roles, including camouflage, communication, and thermoregulation. Intraspecific variation in coat color is often associated with local environmental conditions. This study investigates coat color and hair color banding in the common spiny bandicoot (Echymipera kalubu), which exhibits ventral color polymorphism. We examined twenty individuals from Manokwari, West Papua, categorizing them into red-ventral and white-ventral groups. Coat color was quantified from digital photographs using CIE Lab* values, and hair color banding types were analyzed microscopically from body areas: dorsal, lateral, and ventral. Significant differences were found between the two groups and among the body areas. Red-ventral individuals exhibited higher a (redness) and b (yellowness) values, especially in the ventral area, whereas white-ventral individuals showed higher L (Lightness) values and reduced chromaticity. Seven hair color banding types were identified, with red-ventral individuals displaying a more diverse hair color banding type across body areas, particularly in lateral and ventral areas. Habitat substrate color analysis revealed that red-ventral individuals inhabited darker, red-yellow environments, whereas white-ventral individuals occupied lighter, less saturated habitats. The dorsal-to-ventral gradient in pigmentation and banding in E. kalubu is predicted to have a countershading function to avoid predators
Spatial and Temporal of Meroplankton in a Semi-enclosed Bay: Insights from Ambon Bay
No full textMeroplankton is a temporary planktonic phase of marine organisms. Despite their critical role in the ecosystem, the study of their distribution and dynamics in Ambon Bay is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the spatial distribution and dynamics of meroplankton in Ambon Bay. Study conducted during the southeast monsoon (August and September) to transition II (October and November) 2022. Meroplankton was captured using a plankton net towed vertically from approximately 20 m, near the bottom, to the surface, and immediately preserved in formaldehyde (final concentration of 4%). A stemple pipette was used for subsamples, and they were observed under a stereo microscope. Thirteen groups of meroplankton were recorded, with three groups (Bryozoa, Phoronida, and Brachiopoda larvae) being newly reported in this area. Bivalvia and Polychaeta larvae had the highest abundance. Meroplankton abundance was consistently higher in the inner Ambon Bay (240.62-3029.02 ind.m-3) than in the outer Ambon Bay (85.63-955.41 ind.m-3), highlighting the ecological significance of this area as a potential spawning and larval nursery ground. Most meroplankton taxa were recorded across all sampling seasons, except for Phoronida and Stomatopoda, which were only observed during the southeast monsoon. In comparison to previous studies, the abundance of Echinodermata peaked during the transition I to the southeast monsoon, whereas Polychaeta exhibited peak abundance during the northwest monsoon. This study offers significant insights into the diversity, spatial distribution, and dynamics of meroplankton in Ambon Bay
Evolutionary Conservation and Diversity of Interspecific and Intraspecific Callophylaceae Chloroplast Genomes
No full textThe chloroplast genome (cpDNA) plays an important role in the evolutionary history of various plant species. However, most records of cpDNA focused on a representative of a plant taxon. How are interspecies and intraspecies cpDNA evolutionary patterns? To provide hints for this question, we conducted comparative genomic analyses of genome size, structure, gene content, and sequence variations among examined Calophyllaceae interspecific and intraspecific cpDNAs. The results indicated a conservation of genome structure and gene content in both interspecies and intraspecies groups. Within the intraspecies group, Calophyllum inophyllum had a stable genome size and high pairwise identity (99.998%) compared to a variable genome size (from 161,444 bp to 161,473 bp) and pairwise identity (from 99.7% to 99.98%) of Mesua ferrea. Consequently, M. ferrea cpDNA has higher single-nucleotide polymorphism sites and indels compared to C. inophyllum. Otherwise, interspecies cpDNAs exhibited a diversity of genome size and different sequence variation rates between Calophyllum and Kielmeyera species. Comparative genomic analyses revealed conserved and diverse patterns during the evolutionary history of interspecies and intraspecies Calophyllaceae cpDNAs
Benthic Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators of Water Quality of Krueng Aceh Watershed Based on the BMWP-ASPT Method
No full textThe Krueng Aceh watershed, vital to Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar, is increasingly threatened by ecological disruption from land-use changes that cause erosion, turbidity, and increased runoff. This study aimed to analyze the quality conditions of the Krueng Aceh River using benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of BMWP-ASPT. The analysis was conducted from March to August 2024 and used a purposive sampling method. Observation stations were distributed at 10 points along the river, representing the upstream, middle, and downstream sections of the river. The upstream and middle sections of the river used surber nets, while the downstream section used PVC pipes to collect benthic macroinvertebrates. The assessment was based on community structure, the Biological Monitoring Working Party-Average Score Per Taxon (BMWP-ASPT) method, and physicochemical parameters of water and substrate. We recorded 29 macroinvertebrate families: 15 are in the original BMWP, and 14 additional families were incorporated to adapt the index. River health showed a clear longitudinal gradient, with upstream good, midstream moderate, and downstream poor, consistent with physicochemical patterns and downstream pressures. It is concluded that BMWP-ASPT is effectively adapted for diagnosing the condition of the Krueng Aceh watershed
Enhancement of α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity, Antioxidant Activity, and Antioxidant Compounds in Mulberry Leaves Under Salinity Stress
No full textSalinity stress disrupts redox homeostasis in plants, leading to notable changes in the levels of bioactive compounds. These compounds are recognized for their significant role in inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme, which is relevant in glycemic control. Detailed insights into how salinity stress modulates α-glucosidase inhibition in mulberry leaves remain scarce. This study aims to investigate the effects of salinity stress on α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in mulberry leaf extracts, and to identify accessions exhibiting the most potent inhibitory properties. In vitro assays were employed to conduct qualitative phytochemical analyses and to quantify total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and α-glucosidase enzyme activity. The results demonstrate that high salinity stress enhances the inhibitory activity of mulberry leaf extracts against the α-glucosidase enzyme. Notably, the MB2-3 sample exhibited the most favorable IC50 value (0.59 µg/mL), coupled with a substantial phenolic content (141.9 mg GAE/g extract) and the highest content of flavonoid observed among all tested samples (619.56 mg QE/g extract). Collectively, these findings highlight the capacity of salinity stress to augment both the inhibitory potential of mulberry extracts against α-glucosidase and the accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, with sample MB2-3 displaying auspicious attributes
Biotransformation of the Textile Dye Reactive Black 5 with Aspergillus niger and Analysis of Ligninolytic Enzyme Activity
No full textRemoval of textile dye using biological processes is considered more cost-effective, generates no hazardous byproducts, and is ecologically friendly. This study analyzes the removal of the synthetic dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5) using the biological agent Aspergillus niger. The Treatment occurred in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing a mixture of dye solution. The preliminary research treatment involved varying dye concentrations, which were then analyzed by examining enzyme activity and fungal growth at different shaker rotations. The initial findings on concentration variation indicated that it was effectively removed up to approximately 90%. Further research determined that the highest concentration, 200 ppm, was used. The results obtained with rotation variations up to the sixth day were 95% for 100 rpm and 93% for 150 rpm. Dye removal utilizes laccase, lignin peroxidase (LiP), and manganese peroxidase (MnP) as degrading enzymes. The highest amount of enzyme activity was achieved at 100 rpm, corresponding to the most effective dye removal. The enzyme activity at the 100-rpm variation was observed for MnP (62.2 U/L), LiP (32.2 U/L), and laccase (16.6 U/L). The rapid growth of the Aspergillus niger fungus is associated with the biomass, which influences the biosorption mechanism. Biodegradation pathways indicate the cleavage of aromatic bonds, with toluene and propanoic acid identified as the final products
Real-time PCR-based Detection of Foodborne Pathogen Cronobacter sakazakii DNA in Infant Formula Milk with Specific Targeting on the hfq Gene
No full textCronobacter sakazakii has been linked to cause meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis in infants and newborns, with case fatality rates ranging from 40 to 80%. The most common source of infection has been identified as Cronobacter sakazakii-contaminated infant formula. With a relatively specific target hfq gene, this study aims to develop a real-time PCR method to identify Cronobacter sakazakii in infant formula milk. Real-time PCR is used as a detection method because rt- PCR has higher specificity and sensitivity compared to conventional PCR methods. The real-time PCR method also has a higher level of effectiveness and time efficiency compared to conventional PCR. Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC 29544 genomic DNA was isolated and used in a real-time PCR assay. Cronobacter sakazakii DNA was amplified using a primer targeting the hfq gene, yielding a 145 bp amplicon. The results of the real-time PCR test showed that Cronobacter sakazakii DNA with a concentration of 53 ng/µL could be amplified by the primer pairs of hfq gene with Ct values of 11 respectively then had Tm values of 81.7°C±0.5. The specificity test showed that the hfq primer pairs could differentiate between the target and some non-target bacteria. The sensitivity test showed the ability of the primer to detect the smallest concentration of 3.392 pg/µL with a Ct of 26.16. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the hfq primer has the potential to be used as a fast detection method for Cronobacter sakazakii bacteria in infant formula using real-time PCR
Evaluation of Agronomic Performance and Genetic Diversity in Indonesian Pigmented Rice Using SCoT (Start Codon Targeted) Markers
No full textIndonesia is rich in biodiversity, including rice (Oryza sativa L.), one of the most important and widely cultivated crops. However, the utilization of local Indonesian rice germplasm in breeding programs remains limited due to the lack of reliable characterization data. Therefore, it’s essential to establish a reliable method to ensure variety protection by breeders. In addition, understanding the relationship between morphological traits and genetic diversity is crucial for a targeted breeding study aimed at evaluating genetic diversity among 12 local rice genotypes from Indonesia through agronomic traits and molecular analysis using start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. Statistical analyses, including cluster and diversity indices, were applied to interpret the data. Characterization was conducted based on the descriptors from The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and Bioversity International, while molecular analysis employed 23 selected SCoT primers. The effectiveness of the markers was assessed through polymorphism percentage, PIC values, and cluster analysis. A polymorphism level of 69% was observed, with PIC values ranging from 0.3610 to 0.4646, suggesting that the SCoT markers used provided adequate informativeness for diversity analysis. The study revealed high genetic variability, with heritable traits and informative SCoT markers, demonstrating their potential for pre-breeding and diversity analysis.
FTIR-Fingerprinting Spectra Combined with Chemometrics Analysis for Distinguishing Strobilanthes phyllostachya Leaves Extracts and Correlation with Their Antioxidant Activity
No full textThe leaves of Strobilanthes phyllostachya have a long history of use as a herbal medicine, and research has demonstrated that they contain a range of metabolites with antioxidant activity. This study will employ a chemometric approach to analyze the correlation between functional groups from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra and antioxidant activity. The leaf samples will be extracted with water and ethanol at 30%, 50%, 70%, and ethanol p.a. Moreover, the extracts will be evaluated for their antioxidant activity and analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity measurement results indicate that the 70% ethanol extract of S. phyllostachya exhibits the highest antioxidant activity. The IR spectra of the water and ethanol extracts exhibited slight differences in their patterns. While the spectra of the various ethanol extracts exhibited similarities, their absorption values differed. A principal component analysis with absorbance from the FTIR spectra at wavenumber 3400-2800 and 1800-1000 cm-1 gave a good cluster of different solvent extractions used in this study. The total variation of principal component-1 (PC-1) and PC-2 is 90%. The partial least square regression (PLSR) analysis results were used to correlate the absorbance value of FTIR spectra of S. phyllostachya extract with antioxidant activity. From the PLS-R analysis, we identified a functional group, i.e. carbonyl and hydroxyl, which significantly contributed to the antioxidant activity of the S. phyllostachya extract. The value of the R2 parameter, which assesses the goodness of fit, was found to be 0.9630, indicating that the PLSR model is good.