HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
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Characterization of SNEDDS Formulated with Single Bulb Garlic and its Anti-Inflammatory Effect on 3T3-L1
Full text linkInflammation is an early symptom of a disease that reduces the level of health. Single-bulb garlic (Allium sativum L.) is used medicinally as a plant with a broad pharmacological effect, especially anti-inflammatory activity. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) have offered opportunities to improve drug delivery. The current study aimed to characterize SNEDDS-single bulb garlic extract (SBGE) and determine its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent in 3T3-L1 cells. SNEDDS was formulated from tween-80, glycerol, canola oil, and SBGE. The formula characterization is done using droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, physical stability test, and antioxidant assay. The cytotoxicity test of SNEDDS-SBGE was evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was examined using 3T3-L1 cell methylglyoxal (MG) induction, and the expression of cytokines was measured using immunocytochemistry (ICC). The SNEDDS-SBGE had a nanoemulsion size of 42.30±1.39 nm, 0.6±0.03 for the polydispersion index, and -22.63±0.75 mV for the zeta potential. SNEDDS-SBGE was physically stable and had a high antioxidant level (47.579±8.017 %). SNEDDS-SBGE exhibited no toxic effect on 3T3-L1 cells. The administration of 62.5 µg/ml and 125 µg/ml SNEDDS-SBGE could inhibit (p<0.05) the expression of IL-1β after methylglyoxal induction. Thus, SNEDDS-SBGE may have potential anti-inflammatory properties
The pipB Gene as Target for Development of Detection Method of Pathogenic Bacteria Salmonella typhi Using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Full text linkSalmonella typhi is a bacteria that leads to typhoid fever and one of the causes of death due to bacteria infections. In Indonesia, typhoid fever occurs around 1,100 cases per 100,000 population per year, with a mortality rate of 3.1-10.4%. It\u27s necessary to develop a rapid and accurate detection of Salmonella typhi. The pipB gene of Salmonella typhi has the function of being an autophagia inhibitor in humans. This study aims to develop a detection kit for Salmonella typhi pathogenic bacteria targeting the pipB gene using a pipB primer in confirmation, specificity, and sensitivity tests. The results showed that pipB primer can amplify Salmonella typhi DNA fragment of 196 bp at the optimum annealing temperatures between 54-62°C. Confirmation test with real-time PCR found that the pipB primer pair (pipB-F and pipB-R) amplified at cycle 12.93 and 13.10 (Duplo) with a Tm value of 84.05°C and 84.20°C (Duplo). Based on the difference and average value produced in the confirmation and specificity test, pipB primer has amplified Salmonella typhi DNA at Ct 12.47±0.6 with a Tm value of 83.62°C±0.6. The pipB primer pair (pipB-F and pipB-R) could distinguish target from non-target bacteria based on their cycle threshold (Ct) and melting temperature (Tm) values. The primer design of pipB primer pair (pipB-F and pipB-R) successfully detected Salmonella typhi bacteria with the smallest concentration of 55.78 × 102 CFU equivalent to 3.2 pg/µL. Based on the results, Salmonella typhi pipB primer successfully detected Salmonella typhi bacteria DNA rapidly, specifically, and sensitively using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method
Effect of Phosphate-based Glass Porous Microspheres (P30) Loaded with Extracellular Vesicle on Osteoblast Behaviour: In Vitro Study
Full text linkBioactive materials, particularly phosphate-based glasses (PBG), hold great promise in bone repair due to their controllable degradation rates and bioactivity. This study evaluated PBG porous microspheres (P30) loaded with extracellular vesicles (EVs) for bone tissue engineering, focusing on osteogenesis, EV uptake, and cell invasion. P30 concentrations (5P30, 10P30, 50P30, 100P30, 500P30) were tested for their effects on calcification, EV uptake, and cell migration. Results showed that 100P30 exhibited optimal conditions for osteogenesis and EV delivery, with the highest calcification areas at both Day 7 and Day 14 and the most efficient EV internalization. Meanwhile, 500P30 demonstrated the highest cell migration, supporting pre-osteoblastic migration at this concentration. These findings indicate that 100P30 is ideal for mineralization and EV uptake, while 500P30 enhances cell invasion. This study highlights P30\u27s versatility as a biomaterial for bone regeneration, with specific concentrations tailored to different regenerative goals. These results underscore the potential of P30 microspheres loaded with EVs as an effective strategy for promoting bone repair and regeneration
Secondary Metabolite Profiling, In-Silico, and In Vitro Study of Acriopsis liliifolia Roots as Active Cosmetic Ingredients
Full text linkBeauty and health are currently topics of the global trend. Secondary metabolites from natural sources have become increasingly important for their potential application in cosmetics. This study aims to investigate the potential of Acriopsis liliifolia roots (ALR) as a source of active cosmetic ingredients through secondary metabolite profiling, in silico, and in vitro analysis. A. liliifolia, a medicinally valuable orchid species, was selected due to its rich phytochemical content, which could offer beneficial properties for skin, such as skin-brightening effects. The roots of A. liliifolia were subjected to microchemical assay and metabolite profiling using Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) to determine the bioactive compounds. Additionally, the identified compounds were evaluated through molecular docking studies to assess their interactions with key skin-related enzymes, such as tyrosinase. In vitro studies were conducted to confirm the activity of secondary metabolites of A. liliifolia root on the inhibition of tyrosinase. Microchemical results showed that ALR is positive for phenolics and alkaloids. Metabolite profiling revealed the presence of 125 compounds, then 14 of the most potential compounds were selected. The docking studies exhibit that 1,3-dilinolenoylglycerol had the lowest S-score of -9.54 kJ/mol and lower than kojic acid, suggesting that 1,3-dilinolenoylglycerol has the potential to inhibit tyrosinase. The in vitro studies showed that A. liliifolia roots extract at 250 mg/ml can inhibit tyrosinase (150 U/ml) by 42.56%. However, further research is required to ascertain its potential effect and safety assessment of cosmetics
The Potential Role of The Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–Related Factor 2 Depletion on Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Imbalance in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Iraqi Patients
Full text linkThe nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of most cytoprotective genes that respond to oxidative stresses. Thus, Nrf2 depletion is usually associated with excessive oxidative stress (OS). We sought to assess Nrf2 concentration as an indicator of elevated OS in women with PCOS. Likewise, study the effects associated with this depletion on the balance of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). The case-control study comprised ninety women of reproductive age. Our results revealed that women with PCOS had significantly higher blood Nrf2 depletion compared with the non-PCOS group (P = 0.000). So, there was a significant increase in both Luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration and LH\FSH ratio (P = 0.000 and P = 0.007, respectively. In the PCOS group, Nrf2 depletion was adversely correlated with elevated LH level (-0.551) at (P = 0.012), and elevated LH\FSH ratio (-0.628) at (P = 0.003), infertility (-0.460) at (p = 0.041) and menstrual irregularity (-0.575) at (P = 0.008). Meantime, according to the odds ratio analysis, Nrf2 depletion had a high relative risk in the etiology of syndrome 0.967 (0.932–0.945) at (P = 0.048). In conclusion, Nrf2 depletion had a role in the GnRH imbalance in PCOS through several mechanisms. Thus, we can suggest that enhancing the Nrf2 pathway can be a possible therapeutic approach for PCOS treatment
Impact of Nicotine and Nicotine-Free E-Cigarettes on Body Weight, Erythrocyte Dynamics, Sperm Morphology, and Molecular Outcomes in Mice
No full textThe effect of electric cigarettes (e-cigs) on health should be a concern since their legality has occurred in Indonesia. Young adults use e-cigarettes not as therapy but as a lifestyle. The vapor component contains propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, flavor, and nicotine, which may harm human health. This study examined the health risks of e-cigarettes on body weight, erythrocytes, and sperm morphology in mice. We used twenty healthy male mice exposed to the cigarette\u27s vapor for thirty days. Mice were divided into room air as the negative control, nicotine-free, and 18 mg nicotine-containing groups. Our results showed that the body weight of the nicotine-free and nicotine-containing groups increased, while micronuclei formation increased after e-cig exposure. Furthermore, abnormal sperm morphology in the nicotine-containing groups increased significantly, yet the nicotine-free group was not significantly different compared to the negative control. These results were supported by the molecular prediction that exposure to e-cigs might increase oxidative stress and decrease the expression of TGF-β. Moreover, studies on it are ongoing to gather scientific evidence
Enhanced Biodegradation of DDT by White-Rot Fungus Phlebia brevispora TMIC34596 in a Nutrient-Rich Medium at Short Incubation Time
No full text1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) is a persistent organic pollutant that remains a global environmental concern due to its high toxicity and recalcitrance. This study investigated the ability of the white-rot fungus Phlebia brevispora to degrade DDT in a nutrient-rich Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium under a short incubation time. The fungus degraded 64.25% of DDT within 7 days. Metabolites identified by GC/MS were DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene), DDD (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane), and DDMU (1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene), indicating both reductive dechlorination and dehydrogenation pathways. The results demonstrate that P. brevispora has strong potential for rapid biotransformation of DDT in nutrient-rich environments
Termites as Soil Engineers: A Study on Organic Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics using Baiting Techniques in Tropical Forest Ecosystem
No full textThis study explores how termite activity affects soil chemistry, those are Soil Organic Matter (SOC) and nutrient dynamics in pine and mahagony forest of varying ages in the Bromo Forest, Indonesia. Termite activity was assessed using wooden poles placed in PVC pipes as bait, which also served for soil sampling. The results showed significant differences in SOC and total NPK levels among different pole damage classes in each forest. The highest values were observed in pole damage class 4. Termite-influenced soil, especially those affected by the genera Macrotermes sp., Microtermes sp., and Schedorhinotermes sp., showed the highest concentrations of SOC and NPK (4.97%, 0.51%, 15.42 mg/100 g, and 45.9 mg/100 g, respectively). The termite diversity index showed moderate diversity in all pine forests and low diversity in mahogany forests. The termite diversity index indicated moderate diversity in pine forests and low diversity in mahogany forests, likely influenced by bait type. These results demonstrate that termite activity significantly enhances soil nutrient content and can be used as an indicator of soil fertility status in tropical forest ecosystems
The Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on Massoia Lactone Production in Callus Culture of the Endangered Masoyi Plant (Cryptocarya massoy (Oken) Kosterm.)
No full textCryptocarya massoy (Oken) Kosterm is a plant known for producing essential oils with many applications. However, overexploitation has threatened the sustainability of this plant. This study aims to identify the effect of adding methyl jasmonate to the culture medium on producing secondary metabolites through the callus culture of C. massoy. The methods in this study include callus induction, callus elicitation in liquid culture, callus extraction, analysis of secondary metabolite compounds in C. massoy callus culture, and data analysis. The results show a significant decrease in fresh weight of callus exposed to MeJA stress, depending on the concentration. Regarding secondary metabolites, massoia lactone, the primary compound in C. massoy, was not detected. It is possible that the duration of elicitation was insufficient to induce the biosynthesis and accumulation of detectable levels of massoia lactone. Secondary metabolite production often follows a specific temporal pattern, and certain compounds may require longer exposure times to reach detectable concentrations. The concentration of MeJA influenced the level of other target compound production, where at 0.5 mM MeJA increased the percentage of humulene by 24.64%. MeJA at 1.5 mM enhanced the percentage of ß-copaene (413.11%), ß-ylangene (100%). MeJA at 2 mM increased benzyl benzoate (9.61%). MeJA at 2.5 mM increased α-ylangene (31.25%) and caryophyllene (22.83%). Each MeJA concentration activated specific biosynthesis pathways, influencing the types of secondary metabolites produced. The metabolite screening revealed a predominance of terpenoids, especially sesquiterpenes, which play a role in plant defense
Anti-glucosidase Activity and Antioxidant Capacity of Premna serratifolia from Sintang, Kapuas Hulu, and Sambas District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
No full textThe secondary metabolites in plants such as Premna serratifolia (P. serratifolia) are influenced by their growing locations, which in turn affects their bioactivity. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition of P. serratifolia leaf extracts from the Sintang, Kapuas Hulu, and Sambas districts in West Kalimantan. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the DPPH method, while the reduction of α-glucosidase activity was assessed using the PNPG method. Functional groups and active compounds were identified using FTIR and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. The findings indicated that the extract from Kapuas Hulu, obtained through maceration (KHM), exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ 18.39) and contained the most total phenolic content (TPC). The best α-glucosidase inhibition activity (IC₅₀ 4194.14) was found in the extract from Sambas obtained through Soxhlet extraction (SSI), which had the highest total flavonoid content (TFC). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the functional groups and active compounds of P. serratifolia from Kapuas Hulu and Sintang were similar, as both regions are located in eastern West Kalimantan. Additionally, Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis revealed that the C-H alkane, O-H, and isoferulic acid were the most influential compounds in determining antioxidant activity. At the same time, the C=O group and NP-000308 predominantly influenced α-glucosidase inhibition