HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
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The Effect of Cryopreservation on Cytochrome Oxidase1 (CO1) Gene and the Relationship with Spermatozoa Motility of Albino Pangasius catfish (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus)
Get PDFCryopreservation is a technique for storing cells and tissues at very low temperatures for the possible usage of the stored cells and tissues throughout the year. Sperm cell cryopreservation in some species causes a decrease in sperm quality and DNA damage. Inappropriate cryopreservation protocols can cause changes in sperm physiology. Mitochondria are organelles that play a role in producing energy for sperm motility. Mitochondria have DNA molecules with small sizes compared to structures from nuclear DNA. This study analyzed the effect of cryopreservation on sperm motility and the Cytochrome Oxidase1 (COI) gene. The CO1 gene in mitochondrial DNA plays a role in energy production for spermatozoa motility. The cryopreservation was performed using skim milk and 10% methanol cryoprotectant, and the temperature in the equilibration process was 4-5°C for 10 minutes. Cryopreservation took place for 14 days in the freezer at -80°C. In addition, the thawing process was performed for 1-2 minutes at 40°C. This study found that the number of lesions per 10 kb in the CO1 gene in post-equilibration spermatozoa was (9.24±3.74), and post-thawing spermatozoa (was 10.26±7.54). Spermatozoa motility was obtained in fresh spermatozoa, i.e., 87±1.5%, post-equilibration spermatozoa 79±4.5%, and post-thawing spermatozoa 30±3.2%. This study concluded that cryopreservation of spermatozoa causes CO1 gene lesions and that in cryopreserved spermatozoa, there is a decrease in spermatozoa motility compared to fresh spermatozoa
Microbiome Structure Analysis of Oil Palm Pollinator Elaeidobius kamerunicus (Coleoptera; Curculionidae)
Get PDFThe pollination of oil palm by Elaeidobius kamerunicus leads to an increase of over 70% in countries such as India, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The impact of insect-microbiome interactions on the pollination activity and fitness of E. kamerunicus is unknown. Our study aimed to gain insight into the bacterial communities of E. kamerunicus from two different sites with high and low fruit set percentages, using culturable and Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. Our result revealed distinctive T-RFs profiles in E. kamerunicus from two different sites. Additionally, the culturable approach showed that some of this microbiome were found only in the weevil population from the high fruit set site. Our findings suggest that these bacteria could contribute to the fitness of E. kamerunicus, leading to a higher fruit set in oil palm plantations
Isolation and Selection of Antagonistic Bacteria against Cercospora arachidicola Causing Brown Spot on Peanut
Get PDFThis study was conducted with the aim to isolation bacterial strains capable of antagonism to Cercospora arachidicola (Passalora arachidicola) causing brown spot in peanut. From 3 soil samples collected in the rhizosphere of peanut grown in Tay Ninh province, Vietnam, 10 bacterial strains were found having antagonistic action with Cercospora arachidicola. After 5 days of testing, the antagonistic efficiency of all isolates ranged from 33.33±1.28 to 60.183±0.927%. Studying the antagonistic mechanism showed that 5/10 isolates produced siderophore, 5/10 isolates were capable of decomposing chitin, 7/10 isolates capable of decomposing cellulase and 8/10 isolates proteolytic. Basing on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence combined with morphological and biochemical characteristics, TN-TB 4, TN-TB 6 and TN-TB 12 were identified as Bacillus, representing the genera Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus pasterurii, and Bacillus velezensis, respectively. These strains of antagonistic bacteria have the potential to produce probiotics
Photosynthetic Rate Prediction Model of Golden Melon Plant (Cucumis melo L.) at Vegetative Phase in Greenhouse using Artificial Neural Networks
Get PDFThe most critical parameter affecting plant growth is the photosynthetic rate. The parameter can be determined by measuring the rate of CO2 assimilation that occurs in plants. Developing a photosynthetic rate model can recommend proper cultivation maintenance in melon plants. Hence, the involvement of input parameters in the developed model affects the accuracy of the prediction. This study aims to develop an artificial neural networks (ANNs) prediction model of the photosynthetic rate of melon plants in the vegetative phase in the greenhouse based on seven environmental and growth parameters and find the best model structure. Model development uses artificial neural networks with several stages: data collection and pre-processing, model development with different input variations, model validation, and selection of the best scenario to predict photosynthetic rate. The results showed that five out of seven input parameters, i.e., air temperature, sunlight intensity, CO2 concentration, air humidity, and plant rows, in the model structure of five inputs, six hidden and one output were the best model scenarios with coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.986 and 0.420, respectively
Exogenous Zinc Application and Generative Traits of Three Local Shallot Varieties
Get PDFIncreasing shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) production can be done by application of botanical or true shallot seeds (TSS). Meanwhile, it is well understood that botanical seeds are difficult to produce due to shallots\u27 low flowering capacity. This study aimed to evaluate the generative traits of three local shallot varieties affected by various doses of zinc (Zn). This study was structured using a split-plot design, where the main plots were varieties (Lokana, Rubaru, and Ambassador 3 Agrihorti). In addition, the sub-plot treatment, the dose of zinc (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 kg ha-1), was repeated three times. There is an effect of the main factor (variety) where Rubaru and Ambassador 3 Agrihorti show the fastest umbel emergence. In addition, our data show the interaction effects on the age of sheat breaking, flower blooming (DAP), morphology traits of generative organs, and leaf traits. In detail, Lokana with a Zn dose of 1.5 ha-1 shows the best results on the length and diameter of the umbel stalk; Rubaru with Zn 1 kg ha-1 on the age of broken sheath and chlorophyll index; and the Ambassador 3 Agrihorti with Zn 0.5 kg ha-1 on the number of flowers. On the one hand, it can be concluded that each variety responded differently to the dose of Zn. Concerning seed production, on the other hand, the Ambassador 3 Agrihorti with Zn 0.5 kg ha-1 has better potential to be developed for TSS, as seen from the number of flowers per umbel, a higher percentage of flowering plants and a relatively fast flowering time than other varieties
The Genetic Variability of Indonesian Local Foxtail Millet Accession Based on Agro-morphological Traits and Early Salinity Tolerance Evaluation Utilizing SiDREB2-based SNAP Marker
Get PDFFoxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.) is a grain-producing crop with high nutritional benefits and adaptability to broad environmental conditions. Indonesian local foxtail millet accessions are valuable genetic resources for crop improvement of the species. This study aims to assess the biodiversity of Indonesian local foxtail millet accessions and estimate their salinity tolerance level utilizing the SiDREB2-based SNAP marker and early evaluation at the seedling stage. Our results showed that eight Indonesian local foxtail millet accessions, namely Toraja, Mauliru-2, Hambapraing, NTB-1, ICERI-5, ICERI-6, Botok-4, and Botok-10, had high variability based on agro-morphological traits. The Hambapraing and Mauliru-2 were the potential accessions with high yield estimates (2.33 ton.ha-1 and 1.93 ton.ha-1) and early harvest time (<110 DAT). ICERI-6 was indicated as a salinity-tolerant genotype based on the SiDREB2-based marker and early salinity evaluation at the seedling stage, while Toraja, Mauliru-2, NTB-1, and Botok-4 were categorized as sensitive genotypes. Germplasm variability and the estimated salinity tolerance level of Indonesian local foxtail millet accessions presented in this study serve as essential information in the foxtail millet breeding for high productivity, early harvest time, and salinity tolerant variety
Spike Glycoprotein 1 Partial Gene Analysis of GI-19 (QX-like) Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolated and Propagated from Breeder, Broiler, and Layer Chickens in Java Region
Get PDFThis study aims to identify and characterize receptor binding sites (RBS) and antigenic sites (HVR-I and II) of the S1 gene fragment of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolated and propagated from commercial chickens in Java Region to monitor recent circulating virus. The samples in this study were the organs which indicated infectious bronchitis infection. The stages of this research consisted of making virus suspensions, isolation, and propagation, as well as molecular detection and characterization of viruses. Virus isolation and propagation were carried out on chicken embryonated eggs aged 11 days via the allantoic route. Culture confirmation was performed by RT-PCR of the S1 gene fragment, followed by sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The 168-hour propagation was observed in both dwarfed and curled embryos of two isolates from 11 isolates detected as IBV-positive. Phylogenetic tree construction resulted in all isolates being grouped as GI-19 genotype (QX-like). Amino acid identity among QX-like strains was calculated at 87–100%. A total of 210 predicted amino acid residues were observed, including 31 substitutions and 2 deletions. Conclusions of this study were identified and characterized as GI-19 genotype (QX-like) IBV with amino acid changes on S1 fragment from breeder, broiler, and layer chickens in Java Region
Optimization of Biomass and Secondary Metabolite Production in Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. Adventitious Roots Culture by Using the Method of Subculture and Fed-batch Cultivation in a Bioreactor
Get PDFThe valuable extract of bioactive compounds from Gynura procumbens has been widely manufactured into various health products. The demand for these compounds is continuously increasing, but production through conventional farming methods is insufficient due to limited agricultural land and environmental stresses. An alternative to producing plant biomass is in vitro cultivation methods. This method requires less space and enables biomass propagation in a controlled condition that can facilitate stable and efficient production of plant secondary metabolites. This study evaluated the effect of inoculum subculture periods and culture methods on G. procumbens biomass and secondary metabolite production in a bioreactor. The 3-L airlift balloon type-bubble bioreactors was modified in this study to adopt the treatment of 1st-5th subculture periods and fed- and batch-cultivation strategies. We found the G. procumbens adventitious root culture was optimally derived from the 1st subculture produced biomass of 148.02±1.45 g FW and 8.59±0.12 g DW, and TPC (14.48±1.08 mg GAE/g DW) and TFC (116.89±0.44 mg KE/g DW and 33.97±0.13 mg QE/g DW). Additionally, the fed method after 28 days of culture using double distilled water replenishment improved adventitious root biomass (213.75±35.00 g FW and 11.21±0.18 g DW), while nutrient replenishment improved TFC (52.14±0.44 mg KE/g DW and 14.54±0.13 mg QE/g DW). These results can be used to optimize the cultivation of G. procumbens adventitious roots in a large-scale bioreactor
Melissopalynology and Vegetation Analysis Surrounding Sunggau of Giant Honey Bee Apis dorsata in Belitung Regency
Get PDFThe forest conversion into oil palm plantations in Belitung impacts the plant source for pollen and nectar to support the honey bee Apis dorsata. This study aimed to identify the plants used by A. dorsata as pollen sources in honey and bee bread in honey bee nests and to analyze the vegetation composition and structure surrounding the sunggau (artificial nesting site) in Belitung Regency. Honey from A. dorsata was collected from bee nests in sunggau on Kampak Island and Tanjung Rusa. The pollen grains from 20 ml honey were acetolysed and counted until 1,200 grains for each honey sample. In Kampak Island, we found eight pollen types in honey dominated by Rhizophora mucronate mangrove pollen and eleven pollen types in bee bread dominated by Melaleuca cajuputi. The pollen type in honey in Tanjung Rusa was similar to those in Kampak Island, and nine pollen types were found in the bee bread dominated by Elaeis guineensis. The vegetation analysis revealed that mangrove and heath forests in Kampak Island were dominated by Lumnitzera littorea and Melaleuca cajuputi, respectively. The results of this study confirm the bees\u27 notable use of the mangrove ecosystem, which adds conservation value, especially in supporting bee management efforts in Belitung
Distribution Analysis of Asiatic Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus vulneratus Panzer (Coleoptera: Dryphthoridae) using GIS Technique and the Interaction with Coconut Beetle Oryctes rhinoceros L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Get PDFAsiatic palm weevil Rhynchophorus vulneratus Panzer is one of the key pests of coconut in Indonesia. Information regarding the spatial distribution of R. vulneratus is needed to support Integrated Pest Management and can be analyzed using Geographic Information System (GIS). Initial studies on the interaction between R. vulneratus and Oryctes rhinoceros were also studied in this study. This research aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of R. vulneratus using GIS and its interaction with the Coconut beetle Oryctes rhinoceros. The research was conducted in Yogyakarta as a habitat model (0-1,000 masl). R. vulneratus and O. rhinoceros were catched by installing aggregation pheromone traps hanging to coconut plants at 1.7 m above ground. The research was conducted during the rainy and dry seasons. The spatial distribution of R. vulneratus was analyzed by IDW interpolation using QGIS 3.22, whereas its interaction with O. rhinoceros was analyzed by the Pearson correlation test using SPSS 22. The results showed low number of R. vulneratus captured in the Yogyakarta area during the rainy season at 0-1,000 masl. However, the number of R. vulneratus during the dry season has increased, and the distribution rate was dominated by medium to very high levels, especially at an altitude of 0-300 masl. The study also showed that the number of R. vulneratus was not influenced by the number of O. rhinoceros, which suggested that the abundance of O. rhinoceros cannot accurately predict the abundance of R. vulneratus