HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
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Increase in Polyphenolic Substances from Fermented Robusta Coffee Pulp (Coffea canephora L.) by Using Indigenous Actinomycetes
Get PDFThe fermentation of the coffee fruit processing into coffee beans leaves the fermented coffee pulp which still contains polyphenol secondary metabolites. This study aimed to analyze the total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) of fermented robusta coffee pulp (Coffea canephora L.) by using indigenous Actinomycetes. The ability of fermented extracts to inhibit free radical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) also were done. In this study, coffee cherries were fermented in the solid-state fermentation cultivation (SSF) using isolates HJ4.5b, P2b(b).3 and P2b(b).18 which in previous studies were reported to have cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities. Determination of molecular identification base on 16S rRNA gen showed the isolates HJ4.5b and P2b(b).3 have similarities to the genus Streptomycetes, while P2b(b).18 has a homologous base arrangement with a rare actinomycetes genus Micromonospora. Fermentation using P2b(b).3 on the 9th day of fermentation indicated the highest percentage increase in TFC (295.54%) with IC50 18.41 µl/ml and having an antioxidant activity index (AAI) value of 2.14 which was included in the very strong antioxidant activity category
Early Menopause: Reproductive Adaptation of Javanese Women in Oransbari Distric West Papua
Get PDFMenopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation due to loss of ovarian follicular activity. Assessment of the age of menopause is particularly important because previous studies have shown a high risk of osteoporosis, hypertension, stroke, and coronary heart disease. This study aims to determine the risk factors for early menopause in Javanese women in Oransbari District, West Papua Province. The cross-sectional sampling method was carried out on women aged 51.73 years with an interval of 40.07-78.58 years. Age at menopause was calculated using the Probit Generalized Linear Model (GLM) analysis. We used a binary logit regression (BLR) model to estimate risk factors for early menopause. BLR analysis was fitted to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Age at menopause is divided into two categories, normal (≥45 years) and early (<45 years). Our results show that the average age of menopause is 43.1 years, or the early menopause category, with an age range of 39.61 to 55.28 years. The results of the partial parameter significance test at the 10% significance level showed that no formal education (OR: 2.348; CI 1.4213.917) had the most significant risk factor for experiencing early menopause, followed by parity (OR: 0.623; CI: 0.377-1.023), contraception (OR: 0.118; CI: 0.038-0.296), and the lowest risk was the age at first delivery (OR: 0.389; CI: 0.207-0.716). The biocultural conditions experienced early in life in Oransbari shape the character of a younger reproductive age as an adaptive response to maximize fitness
Untargeted LC-QTOF-MS/MS Based Metabolomic Profile Approach of Bacterial Ferment Lysates and Skin Commensal Bacterial Cocktail Ferment Lysates
Get PDFMicrobial therapy has been increasingly developed in the medical and health fields and has triggered advances in the process of formulating skincare products. The skin microbiota becomes the target in the development of active ingredients to produce an optimal effect in the balance of its composition which leads to its usefulness in maintaining skin health and providing protection. Postbiotic bacteria can maintain homeostasis of the skin microbiome so that it has the potential to be used as an active ingredient in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) in skincare products and have broad benefits due to its various active substances. The aim of this study was to examine the metabolites profile contained in the bacterial fermented lysate fraction, which is also served as a marker in identifying the metabolite variations of the lysate fractions and their API dosage forms. Ferment lysate API preparations were prepared in the form of freeze dried and spray dried. The metabolite profile analysis was carried out using the untargeted LC-QTOF-MS/MS metabolomic approach and multivariate analysis. Result revealed 30 differential features of the putative metabolites, and by performing metabolites annotationfor their bioactivities through intensive literature research, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory, we elucidated these compounds are discovered in dry form of lysates
Profile of Gut Bacteria in Hypertensive Patients Based on Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
Get PDFHypertension is a severe public health problem due to its high prevalence worldwide. About 7.5 million deaths or 12.8% of all annual deaths worldwide occur due to high blood pressure. The hypertensive disease is also associated with the intestinal bacteria. To our knowledge, the diversity of the gut bacteria in hypertensive patients has not been reported yet in Indonesia. Thus, the aims of this study were to analyze profile of gut bacteria in hypertensive patients compared to non-hypertensive based on metagenomic analysis, Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP). The results of the affiliation analysis of the entire Terminal Restriction Fragments (TRF) contained 6 groups of bacteria from 26 TRFs in hypertensive and non-hypertensive respondents. Cutting the 16S rRNA gene with the BslI restriction enzyme successfully detected intestinal bacterial groups, namely Clostridium subcluster XIVa, Prevotella, Clostridium cluster IV, Clostridium cluster XI, Bacteroides and others. In hypertensive patients, a higher relative abundance of bacterial groups showed in Clostridium cluster XI, Clostridium cluster IV and Clostridium subcluster XIVa. The abundance of Bacteroides and Prevotella groups in hypertensive patients were lower than non-hypertensive. The abundance of enterotype I and enterotype II was lower in hypertensive patients than non-hypertensive. Contrarily to that enterotype III cluster. It is worth noting that the F/B ratio was higher in hypertensive patients than that in non-hypertensive. Our data suggest that the gut bacteria profile of hypertensive patients differs to that non-hypertensive
Development of Secondary Forest Succession Based on Estimation of Forest Carbon Stocks Ten Years Post-Merapi Volcano Eruption
Get PDFThe eruption of the most active volcano in Indonesia, Mount Merapi, has resulted in a very dynamic landscape as a form of ecosystem succession. This study aimed to analyze the carbon stock and vegetation composition in the secondary forest with variations in the level of disturbance after the 2010 eruption of Mount Merapi. Data collection was carried out in January 2020, in which biomass, necromass, and soil organic carbon data were taken in plot transect and Geographic Information Systems carbon stock products compared field data. The results showed that secondary forests at stations A and B with low and medium disturbance levels had carbon stocks in the high category. In contrast, station C at Cangkringan Resort, with high disturbance levels, still had carbon stock with a low category. Furthermore, the comparison of 2020 field data with GIS carbon stock products concluded a similar pattern between carbon stock from aboveground biomass WHRC 2010 and belowground biomass NASA 2010. This research concludes that the disturbance affected forest carbon stocks ten years after the 2010 Merapi eruption. Therefore, monitoring the vegetation community needs to be carried out annually through a combination of spatial and direct checks in the field
Assessment of Teratogenic Effects of Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia Sappan L.) Extract In Rats (Rattus novergicus)
Get PDFTreatment using plant materials has been widely researched and observed to assist in curing a disease. Medicinal products derived from herbal plants are proven useful as drugs must follow guidelines not to cause acute or chronic toxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the teratogenic potential of an ethanolic sappan wood extract on the growth of unborn rats. Six groups of pregnant rats are created: Aquadest was administered to the Control group, whereas the Treatment groups received 100, 200, 300, 400, or 500 mg.kg-1 BW of an ethanolic extract of Sappan wood. On the twenty-first day of gestation, pregnant rats were CO2-euthanized and delivered vaginally. Rats\u27 body weight during pregnancy was observed, along with fetal growth measurements, viscoelastic examination, and skeletal development. Wistar rats\u27 reproductive systems, fetal body weight, body length, and tail length were all unaffected by ethanol extract of Sappan wood at doses from 100 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg. In fetuse rat from the control group and the five dosage groups, no skeletal development had taken place and there were no obvious external abnormalities. Even at the maximum dose of 500 mg, sappan wood extract demonstrated no teratogenic effects on the development of fetal rats.kg-1 BW
A Combination of Anadara nodifera Shell and Milkfish Thorns Powder Effectively Promote Springiness Index, Serum Testosterone, and Breast Muscle Testosterone in Bangkok Rooster
Get PDFAromatase blocker effectively promotes testosterone, which improves muscle performance and protein synthesis. Considerable muscle strength in Bangkok rooster is the outcome of testosterone activity. Clamshell contains aromatase blocker substances, while fishbone possesses a high amount of protein. This research aimed to evaluate the clamshell and fishbone combination potency towards testosterone levels and muscle performance in Bangkok roosters. This study employed 18 Bangkok roosters under 35 days of treatment. The rooster groups consisted of control (P0, n = 6); clamshell-fishbone (P1, n = 6): clamshell (6.6 gram/day) + fishbone (3.3 gram/day); fishbone (P2, n = 6): fishbone (3.3 gram/day). The blood was collected once every seven days. Enzyme immunoassay showed the highest serum and muscle testosterone levels in P1 (p<0.05). Immunohistochemistry presented the most and broadest myofiber and the highest proliferation activity in P1 (p<0.05). The texture analysis showed the topmost springiness index in P1 (p<0.05). Aromatase blockers in clamshell and protein in fishbone improve testosterone and muscle performance in Bangkok roosters
Morpho-Physiology of Mulberry (Morus sp.) Plant on Salinity Stress Tolerance
Get PDFThe accession of mulberry (Morus sp.) with salinity tolerance unavailable in Indonesia is needed to overcome the problem of marginal land, especially in the saline areas of the country. Therefore, this research aims to determine the accession of salinity tolerance of mulberry from 6 origins in Indonesia based on growth and physiological parameters. The method used was a factorial randomized block design with the first treatment of stem cutting-derived mulberry accession being M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, and M7, while the second was the concentration of NaCl at 0 mM, 40 mM, 60 mM, and 80 mM. The results showed that M2 accession from Bogor was categorized as tolerance to high salt stress, and M1 was classified as sensitive accession. Increasing salt concentration causes a decrease in growth parameters. It also decreased physiological parameters such as leaf and media relative water content while increasing dissolved sugars. Genotypic scores indicate salinity tolerance and the potential number of leaves, while Na+ content and leaf necrosis percentage showed sodium toxicity in the leaf. Therefore, genotypic score, Na+/K+ ratio, and leaf necrosis percentage are the best parameters to select and identify mulberry accession with high salt stress tolerance
The Properties of Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Preconditioned with L-Ascorbic Acid and Cobalt (II) Chloride
Get PDFExtracellular vesicles including exosomes, are produced by cells for intracellular communication. Preconditioning of parental cells influences exosome properties. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of L-ascorbic acid (LAA) and cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2) on human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cell (hWJ-MSC)-derived exosomes and their ability to promote stem cell differentiation into chondrocytes. The cells were isolated from the umbilical cord and characterized according to the criteria for mesenchymal stem cell. The cells were cultured in a serum-free medium containing LAA and CoCl2. Cell-produced exosomes were isolated and characterized. hWJ-MSCs can grow in serum-free medium containing LAA and CoCl2. Exosomes derived from hWJ-MSCs had a round morphology, particle size within the exosome range, CD 63 expression, and the capacity to be internalized by cells. The production of exosomes by hWJ-MSCs was enhanced by LAA treatment. LAA and CoCl2 promoted stem cell differentiation into chondrocytes, as indicated by the production of collagen type II and glycosaminoglycans. LAA and CoCl2 affect the properties of MSC-derived exosomes. LAA induces cells to produce exosomes in greater quantities, which have the potential to promote chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells
The Effect of Different Hydroponic Types and Nutrient Concentrations on the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan) Extract
Get PDFPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan) is an Indonesian native plant but difficult to cultivate. Hydroponics can be used as a solution for purwoceng cultivation. Hydroponic types and nutrient concentrations can affect purwoceng’s productivity. This study aimed to determine total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), changes in steroid, and antioxidant capacity due to two hydroponic types (nonrecirculating and recirculating drip) and three nutrient concentrations (1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 ppm). Purwoceng was determined for its moisture content, ash content, and dry weight, and extracted with ethyl acetate for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and with ethanol for TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacity. The data were analyzed statistically and grouped using principal component analysis (PCA) and heat map analysis (HMA). Nonrecirculating drip with high nutrient concentration at the aerial part was the best treatment to produce high TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacity. There were no significant changes in steroid content. PCA showed that purwoceng extracts could be grouped in to two groups, i.e. aerial and root groups. HMA showed that purwoceng extracts could be distinguished from the abundance of palmitic acid and stigmasterol. The antioxidant capacity of purwoceng was directly proportional to the TPC value and also related to the presence of phytol, stigmasterol, and palmitic acid