HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
Not a member yet
1069 research outputs found
Sort by
First Records of Male and Swollen Females of Two Species of Achlysiella (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae)
Get PDFMales and swollen mature females of Achlysiella trilineata and Achlysiella magniglans were discovered for the first time in Australia. These life stages confirmed that both species show well-marked sexual dimorphism in the anterior region of the body, with the males having reduced cephalic frameworks, stylets, and oesophagi. Males of A. magniglans displayed an extreme reduction in the style such that only the cone could be seen, and the rest of the esophagus was barely visible. In both species, the swollen females had postmedian vulvae, and the anterior branch of the ovary was longer than the posterior branch. In A. magniglans, the disparity in length was more pronounced, and the vulva was more posterior. The finding of swollen females confirmed the classification of both species in Achlysiella rather than Radopholus. Vermiform females of both species have large dorsal oesophageal glands and short ovaries. Justifiably, other species of Radopholus with these latter features (R. brevicaudatus, R. capitatus, and R. vacuus) should also be moved to Achlysiella
Antigout Activity of The Spatholobus littoralis Hassk. Extract Fractions Against Xanthine Oxidase: Its Metabolite Profile and Inhibition Kinetics
Get PDFThe Spatholobus littoralis Hassk. (S. littoralis Hassk.) is a native plant in Indonesia and has been widely used in traditional Dayaknese medicine for non-communicable degenerative diseases. One of these illnesses, known as gout, is caused by excessive uric acid in the blood, which is the catalytic byproduct of a xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme. In this work, we investigated the inhibition kinetics of XO and identified bioactive compounds from the stem extract fractions of S. littoralis Hassk. using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Fractionation was carried out to obtain n-hexane, dichloromethane, and 1-butanol fractions from the water and 70% ethanol extracts. Fraction of 1-butanol from 70% ethanol and water extract displayed potent inhibitors of XO with IC50 value 116.91±3.51 and 137.15±5.00 mg/L, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis showed that the 1-butanol fraction from the two extracts inhibited XO competitively. The 1-butanol fraction from the two extracts has been further identified as a bioactive fraction. The majority of the compounds in the two active fractions were phenolics. These findings revealed that the 1-butanol fraction from the two extracts is promising as an antigout treatment in the future
Development of Few Significant SNP Markers from Transcriptomic Data for Selection of Sengon (Falcataria falcata (L.) Greuter and R. Rankin) Resistant to Boktor Stem Borer and Gall Rust Disease
Get PDFSengon (Falcataria falcata (L.) Greuter and R. Rankin) plantations in Indonesia are threatened by attacks from Boktor stem borers and gall rust disease. Controlling pests and diseases is difficult therefore, planting resistant trees obtained from tree selection programs is necessary. Currently, genomic breeding often incorporates GWAS, which uses thousands of SNP markers to identify markers with significant associations with the traits studied. This study aimed to bypass such expensive studies by identifying and developing SNP markers from sequences of putative resistance genes to Boktor stem borer and gall rust disease, identified from sengon transcriptomic data analysis. A total of 496,194 putative SNP sites were identified from transcriptomic sequences using the SAMtools and BFCtools programs, of which 119 SNP sites were associated with resistance genes. Of the 101 non-synonymous SNPs selected, only 12 were located in the conserved domain of each gene and were used for primer design. Of the 13 primers designed, only 10 were successfully amplified. Validation of 10 developed SNP markers on 100 sengon accessions using the HRM method confirmed a significant association between SNP markers and resistance traits, with a -log 10 (P-value) between 10.49 and 16.63. A few SNPs markers developed from putative resistance gene sequences are associated with resistance traits in sengon. Therefore, the SNP markers could be applied in selection programs for sengon trees resistant to Boktor stem borers and gall rust disease
Variation of Handedness and Creativity in Bogor Primary and Secondary School Students
Get PDFLeft-handed individual’s minority has been ubiquitous in human population which leads them to be adaptable in right-handed world. As a preference, daily hand used must be consistentacross individuals and tasks, known as handedness. Handedness needs to be assessed with specific tasks using tools due to consistency of using either hand. There is a different adaptation that leads to creativity in left-handed individuals. The aim of this study is to assess left-handed individuals and measure their creativity. Handedness was examined by self-declared and 10 specific tasks of 493 both primary and secondary school students in Bogor, Indonesia. The total frequency of left-handed individuals was 7.3%. It seems that there are special adaptations that may signal creative behavior for left-handed individuals. The result showed that the left-handed females had higher creativity score than the males on Adjective Check List. Age and sex influence on creativity are discussed
Effects of Surfactants on Biological, Physiological, and Histological Performance of Mahseer Seeds, Neolissochilus soro
Get PDFMahseer (Neolissochilus soro) grows and develops in Indonesian lakes and rivers. However, in line with the increase in population, the pollution load that enters water bodies is increasing due to anthropogenic activities along the river. One of the chemicals that can potentially be a source of water pollution is Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS). This study aims to determine the lethal toxicity of LAS surfactant to mahseer and to analyze the sub-lethal effect of this surfactant on the biological, physiological, and histological conditions of mahseer seeds. Parameters studied included lethal toxicity (LC50), sub-lethal toxicity, and biological, histological, and hematological conditions. The results showed that the LAS surfactant had an LC50-96 hour value of 6.14 mg/L in mahseer and was classified as highly toxic. Fish exposed to LAS for 40 days experienced a decrease in specific growth rate and feed efficiency as the surfactant concentration increased. Exposure to LAS also decreases the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood sugar levels while increasing the number of leukocytes. There was also damage to the gills of fish exposed to LAS. In general, the sub-lethal concentration of LAS negatively affected mahseer seeds
Effect of Different Enriched Crickets (Gryllus sigilatus) on Growth and Pigmentation of Asian Arowana (Scleropages formosus) Var. Super Red
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of crickets enriched with a source of carotenoids on fish’s growth, colour, and total carotenoid content in juvenile Asian Arowana (Scleropages formosus). Six juveniles were fed with different enriched crickets (G. sigilatus) based on the following treatments: (A) Crickets fed with fish feed without enrichment, (B) Crickets fed with fish feed containing 500 ppm of synthetic astaxanthin, and (C) Crickets fed with a combination of 50% fish feed, 48% sand crab meal and 2% marigold petal meal. The results of the study revealed that The weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), length gain (LG), and survival rate (SR) for treatment A were 110 g, 1.16% head/day, 45.79%, 10.98 cm, and 100% respectively. There was also no significant difference (P>0.05) with the other treatments. However, treatment B had a positive effect on the redness (a*) of the Arowana tail with a value of 9.52, and treatment C increased the yellowness (b*) of the Arowana body with a value of 2.77 (P<0.05), which was different to the other treatments. There were no differences between any of the treatments concerning the effects on lightness (L*), chromaticity (C*), and hue (H*) on either the body or the tail. The astaxanthin enrichment produced the highest carotenoid content (P<0.05) with a value of 45.09 µg/g. Enriching crickets with astaxanthin influence colour and carotenoid content but not the growth of the Asian Arowana fish
Diversity of Fungal Colonization in Respiratory Tract of Naïve Lung Cancer and The Emergence of Voriconazole Resistant Aspergillus
Get PDFFungal spores in the air can be inhaled and enter the human respiratory tract. The entry of fungi into the respiratory tract can cause colonization or infection depending on the host immune response. Fungal colonization is the first step into debilitating fungal disease in humans, especially in immunocompromised groups. The increased rate of drug-resistant fungi has been reported in human disease and the environment. This study aims to examine the diversity of fungal colonization in humans and the rate of fungal resistance to voriconazole. This cross-sectional study was done in patients with naïve lung cancer who had not been previously treated with any cancer therapy nor given antifungal agent. Induced sputum from 70 subjects was collected and inoculated in the Sabouraud Dextrose Agar medium. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed to identify fungal species. Voriconazole susceptibility tests were done using the disc diffusion method. This study found Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium sp. among the most common lower respiratory tract colonies. This study also found the colonization of up to 5 species in a single subject. A high rate of voriconazole-resistant Aspergillus sp. was found (42.4%) among 59 isolates tested. Given that these subjects had never taken antifungal agents previously, the high rate of voriconazole resistance might be attributed to the environment, such as community and agriculture. Mitigation of antifungal use in the agricultural sector, fungal diversity in the environment, and clinical study of fungal colonization/ infection in other high-risk groups are needed
Soybean Seeds (Glycine max L.) Extract Against Cytokine Storm in ARDS Rat Model through Inhibiting Inflammation Marker
Get PDFSeveral studies have suggested that "cytokine storms" are significant causes of the severity of COVID-19. Controlling and inhibiting the cytokine storm in COVID-19 could prevent the spread of COVID-19 and saves patient lives. Soybean (Glycine max L.) is known to have various biological activities. This study aims to examine bioactive compounds in SSE and the effect of SSE on the ARDS rats model. A total of 25 Sprague Dawley Lipopolysaccharide-induced rats were used. Determination of serum IL-1β, IL-12, and lung TNF-α levels was performed by ELISA method. NF-κB and IFN-γ expression were determined by the qRTPCR method. IL-6 expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry assay. The bleeding, inflammation, and alveolus collapse score were analyzed using the HE staining method. The results showed that SSE could decrease the level of IL-1β, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-6, NF-kB, and IFN-γ and improve the bleeding, inflammation, and alveolus score in the lung. SSE could decrease the pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve lung condition in ARDS rats model
Spermicide of Papaya Seed Oil and Compounds
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the spermicidal activity of papaya seed oil (Carica papaya L) from local Bali varieties against Wistar rat spermatozoa by evaluating sperm quality and the correlation between the percentage of motility and viability spermatozoa to identify its active compounds. Papaya seed oil was obtained by extracting papaya seeds using n-hexane solvent. The study was designed as follows; group of spermatozoa Wistar rat were treated with NaCl 0.9% (control, P0), with Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (NaCMC) 0.5% (P1), with n-hexane extract 0.1%(b/v) (P2), with n-hexane extract 0.3%(b/v) (P3), and with n-hexane extract 0.5%(b/v) (P4). Column chromatography was used to separate the n-hexane extract into two fractions, A and B. The spermicide test for fractions A and B followed the same design as the test for n-hexane extract but until the P7 group. The result showed that fraction B exhibited higher spermicidal activity, with 23.3% motility and 33.8% of viability sperm at 100 ppm. The identification of fraction B by LCMS showed at least 12 mixture compounds were venoterpine, vitamin K5, 5-phenyl-2-pyridinamine, harmalan, styrylquinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-benzoyl-2-methyl-4-phenylamino-quinoline, calcitroic acid, siderol, N-benzyl-linoleamide, (3β)-3-(diisopropylamino)androst-5-en-17-one, pipereicosalidine, and 25-azacholesterol. Spermicidal activity may be a synergistic effect of several compounds that have a cytotoxic activity such as styrylquinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-benzoyl-2-methyl-4-phenylamino-quinoline, siderol, and pipereicosalidine
Macroarthropod Diversity, Distribution, and Community Structure in Cikarae Cave of the Klapanunggal Karst, West Java
Get PDFArthropods are the most dominant fauna in cave realms. Ecological studies of cave-dwelling arthropods are essential for cave ecosystem conservation. This study was conducted to determine the ecological aspects of macroarthropods in Cikarae Cave, West Java, focusing on their diversity, distribution, and community structure. The cave passage was divided into three zones based on environmental disparities. Data collection was carried out through direct search and counting methods. Data were analyzed using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and several ecological indices (diversity, evenness, and dominance). Nineteen macroarthropod morphospecies were recorded and distributed among 5 classes, 11 orders, and 18 families. Most of these morphospecies were troglophiles. A new troglobitic species (Isopoda: Philosciidae) with a high degree of troglomorphy and exclusive microhabitat was registered. Most morphospecies were collected in Zone 1 (17), followed by Zone 3 (9) and Zone 2 (8). Collected macroarthropods preferred cave walls over floors and ceilings. Overall, Cikarae showed a low diversity index (0.782) and evenness (0.265), while dominance was relatively high (0.692). Trachyjulus tjampeanus, Rhaphidophora sp., and Theridiosomatidae sp. were the most dominant taxa