HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
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Juvenile Fish Composition and Their Growth Aspects on the East Coast of Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia
No full textThe east coast of Banyuwangi, Bali Strait, has the potential to function as a nursery area for juvenile fish. Therefore, it is essential to research the ecology of juvenile fish resources. This study aimed to uncover the composition of juvenile fishes and their growth aspects through length-weight relationships and condition factors. We collected 9748 fish specimens from floating lift nets during April, September, December 2023, and February 2024. Identification and morphometric analysis were conducted to calculate fish juvenile assemblage composition, growth patterns from length-weight relationships, and condition factors. The study found 48 species from 26 families and 17 orders. The small pelagic fish group was the most common, including species from the Carangidae, Dorosomatidae, Spratelloididae, Engraulidae, Atherinidae, and Scombridae families in terms of the number of individuals and overall biomass. The fish growth on the east coast of Banyuwangi is optimal, with most fish species exhibiting positive allometric and isometric growth patterns. The overall condition factor of the juvenile fish is above 1.00, indicating that the health of fish resources is good. This suggests that the east coast of Banyuwangi, Bali Strait, can support the growth of fish juveniles and maintain the sustainability of fish resources
Development of Fermented Coconut Water and Red Ginger using Next Generation Probiotics as a Potential Biological Activity Agent
Full text linkDegenerative diseases have increased in prevalence worldwide, predominantly in Indonesia. Some studies found that probiotics have an impact on organic substances that address inflammation and gut microbiota imbalance. This study aims to develop a functional beverage based on coconut water and red ginger fermentation using Next Generation Probiotics (NGP) and characterize the product using metagenomic and metabolomic technologies. This experimental study involved the fermentation of coconut water and red ginger using a probiotic starter identified by 16S rRNA sequencing for 120 hours at room temperature. The analysis included microbial characterization using List the probiotics metagenomic sequencing, metabolite profiling by LC-HRMS, particle size by PSA, and in vitro antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity testing. Metagenomic analysis identified the dominance of the family Acetobacteraceae (45%) and genus Acetobacter 942%. Fermentation reduced the tannin content by 28.5% and increased the number of metabolite compounds from 37 to 54. The fermentation results also showed antibacterial activity against E. coli CNN 0091 (inhibition zone 7.835 mm), and anti-inflammatory activity reached 1,000%. The combination of coconut water, red ginger, and NGP produced a complex metabolite profile with high therapeutic potential. The findings show significant potential for the prevention of degenerative diseases
Spatial Variability of Water and Sediment Quality in Pond Outlet: Implications for Coastal Ecosystems in Mangrove Areas, Pasuruan, East Java
Full text linkAquaculture expansion in Pasuruan\u27s coastal areas raises concerns about water and sediment pollution, but the spatial variability and magnitude of these impacts remain insufficiently quantified. This study aimed to assess the water and sediment quality at pond outlets across different aquaculture systems. Samples were collected from seven intensive (high-input shrimp farming), traditional (low-input, extensive ponds), and silvofishery (integrated aquaculture with mangroves) aquaculture farms from July to September 2024, coinciding with peak farming activity. Water and sediment samples were collected from seven farms and analyzed for chemical parameters, organic matter content, and redox potential. Results of the current research record extensive spatial and temporal heterogeneity that is driven by aquaculture management and external events like the WSSV epizootic in August 2024. Ammonia concentrations increased dramatically at stations within intensive vannamei shrimp farms (5.5 mg/L), while downstream stations exhibited natural dilution and mitigation by mangroves. Sediment quality analysis demonstrated a reducing condition with redox potential values from as low as -100 mV and SOM concentrations as high as 23%. Correlation analysis highlighted intensive farming systems as the main drivers of water and sediment degradation, with mangrove belts demonstrating resistance through nutrient adsorption and filtration with COD, TSS, and organic matter as primary pollution contributors. These findings emphasize the urgent need for adopting sustainable practices, such as polyculture systems, reduced feed input strategies, the implementation of constructed wetlands, and enhanced mangrove rehabilitation around aquaculture zones, to minimize environmental impacts and preserve coastal ecosystem health
Evaluation of Curcumin-derived Carbon-dots\u27 Inhibitory Activity as SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Candidate Using Chemical Crosslinking
No full textIn our previous work, we demonstrated that curcumin-derived carbon dots (Cur-CDs) have potential as antivirals for COVID-19. However, the precise mechanism of action remains unclear. This study investigated the potential of Cur-CDs against SARS-CoV-2 by targeting the dimerization of the C-terminal domain of nucleocapsid protein (N-CTD) using chemical crosslinking. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 N-CTD was expressed, purified, and subjected to chemical crosslinking. The dimerization inhibition ability of Cur-CDs was assessed with ligand concentrations ranging from 0 to 2,000 μg/mL. Successful inhibition —defined as a noticeable reduction in SARS-CoV-2 N-CTD dimer band intensity on SDS-PAGE—was observed when Cur-CDs were present at 8 to 16 times the protein concentration. We hypothesize that Cur-CDs bind to the dimerization residues, preventing non-covalent interactions between monomers and limiting dimer formation. Our findings suggest that Cur-CDs could be a promising antiviral strategy for SARS-CoV-2, especially targeting the dimerization of the nucleocapsid protein. Additionally, this study also highlights the use of chemical crosslinking as a valuable tool for interaction-based drug screening
Isolation and Characterization of Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles (PDEN) from Sapodilla Fruit (Manilkara zapota) as an Antioxidant Agent in 1BR3 Cell Line
No full textPlant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) have emerged as promising natural nanocarriers with potential applications in biomedicine and cosmetics due to their biocompatibility, stability, and intrinsic bioactivity. The objective of this research is to isolate, characterize, and analyze the effects of MZ-PDENs on 1BR3 cells. MZ-PDENs were isolated using filtration, differential centrifugation, and polymer-based precipitation. MZ-PDENs were characterized for their physiochemical properties, size, shape, and antioxidant activity. In vitro, bioactivities were conducted by measured cytotoxicity, proliferation assays, UVB protection, and migration assays. Results showed that MZ-PDENs possess strong antioxidant properties, are efficiently internalized by cells, and promote skin cell regeneration after UVB-induced damage. These findings suggest that MZ-PDENs have the potential as antioxidant agents for cosmeceutical applications and warrant further investigation in vivo models
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Black Cumin Seed (Nigella sativa) Ethanol Extract
Full text linkOral health faces significant challenges due to increasing dental infections by pathogenic microbes such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. Topical antioxidants in toothpaste, gel, and mouthwash are often used to treat dental diseases. There is a growing interest in finding natural alternatives for oral hygiene without side effects compared to conventional toothpaste formulations. Nigella sativa (black cumin) has various pharmaceutical efficacy, making it a valuable plant-based source medicinal compound. This study evaluated black cumin ethanol extract\u27s (BCSE) antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Antibacterial effectiveness was evaluated through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and disc diffusion assays against P. gingivalis, S. mutans, and C. albicans. Antioxidant activity was reported based on DPPH scavenging, ABTS reduction, H2O2 scavenging, and NO scavenging assays. Black cumin seed ethanolic extract (BCSE) showed antibacterial activity of 4.49 mm, 4.33 mm, and 7.12 mm for P. gingivalis, S. mutans, and C. albicans, respectively, with zones of inhibition increasing in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.05). MIC and MBC evaluations also revealed that MIC for S. mutans was achieved at 12.5% BCSE concentration, while P. gingivalis and C. albicans required 25%, and MBC reached 100%. The IC50 for DPPH, ABTS, NO, and H2O2 were 25.41, 69.93, 87.18, and 95.16 μg/ml, respectively. The antioxidant activity increased in a concentration-dependent manner, especially at 100 µg/ml of BCSE. Based on these results, BCSE could be an optional ingredient in toothpaste
Genetic Population of Hypothenemus hampei Ferarri (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) from Coffee (Coffea spp.) in Sumatra, Indonesia Using The Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I Gene
Full text linkHypothenemus hampei Ferrari, 1867, is a globally significant pest of coffee (Coffea spp.). Genetic information about H. hampei from various locations, including countries in America, Africa, and Asia (Java, Indonesia), is available. However, the data has yet to be available for Sumatra. This research aims to study the genetic population of H. hampei in coffee plants in Sumatra. In this study, a total of 27 mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequences were used to estimate the population genetics of H. hampei in Sumatra, collected from C. arabica, C. canephora, and C. liberica at nine locations. The analysis of the COI gene sequences revealed that they contained 236 base pairs (53.76%) of conserved sites, 203 base pairs (46.24%) of variable sites, 153 base pairs (34.85%) of parsimony sites, and 50 base pairs (11.38%) of informative single sites out of a total of 439 base pairs. Haplotype analysis of the COI gene in H. hampei from Sumatra revealed 10 haplotypes, with a haplotype diversity (h) of 0.649 and nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.004. Genetic differentiation (Fst) of H. hampei is low among populations in Sumatra. Genetic variation within populations is higher, and between populations is low. The genetic distance of 0-0.28%, 27 H. hampei sequences from Sumatra are in the same branch, indicating low genetic variation. This information holds great potential for designing sustainable control strategies to manage this pest species in coffee plants, particularly in the Sumatra region
Potential of Cinnamomum burmanni Leaf Extract as an Exogenous Antioxidant and Spermatoprotective for Rattus norvegicus L. Exposed to Polystyrene Nanoplastics
Full text linkPolytyrene nanoplastics (NPs) (<1 µm) have high toxicity when entered and accumulated in cells. NPs accumulation causes oxidation stress, thus increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, resulting in necrosis or apoptosis, as well as affecting endogenous antioxidant activity, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Cinnamomum burmanni plant contains flavonoids, cinnamaldehyde, phen, and olic acid, potentially exogenous antioxidants. The study aims to analyze the potential of C. burmanni leaf extract for SOD and CAT levels, sperm quality, epithellia tubulus thickness, tubulus seminiferus diameter, and number of spermatogenic Rattus norvegicus cells exposed to NPs. Twenty-five male R. novergicus are divided into five groups (n = 5): two controls (without and with NPs) and three groups (combination of NPs and variations in extract concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. The SOD and CAT levels were measured with an ELISA kit. The histology was observed by counting the spermatogenic cells, measuring the epithellia thickness, and tubulus seminiferus diameter. The sperm motility, viability, and sperm count were observed to determine the sperm quality. Leaf extract of C. burmanni treatment with different concentrations not significantly increased SOD levels but significantly decreased the levels of CAT (P<0.05). The addition of C. burmanni leaf extract significantly increased the spermatogenic cell count, epithelia tubulous thickness, sperm viability, and sperm count (P<0.05), while sperm motility and tubulous seminiferous diameter not significantly increased. According to the results, C. burmanni leaf extract has antioxidant potential against the toxic effects of NPS
Relationship between Fluid Intelligence and Executive Function among University Students in Indonesia
Full text linkFluid intelligence is the ability to think logically and abstractly. Executive function is the behavioural ability to coordinate, control and adapt to new situations. Fluid intelligence and executive function play an important role in the ability to solve problems, adapt, and carry out daily behaviour. Previous research states that high fluid intelligence is followed by high executive function. Currently, there are no data regarding the relationship between fluid intelligence and executive function and the socio-demographic factors associated with both variables. Therefore, this study to examine the relationship and socio-demographic factors between fluid intelligence and executive function among university students in Indonesia. This study was conducted using a questionnaire and the zoom platform with a total of 306 university student in Indonesia. First, responders will complete a questionnaire containing demographic information. Second, respondents will be contacted again to assess fluid intelligence using the Baddeley Reasoning Test and executive function measurement using Tower of Hanoi. This study found that fluid intelligence was not substantially linked with planning time. However, high fluid intelligence was strongly related with less mobility and overall time. The socio-demographic component related with fluid intelligence is age. Sociodemographic factors related with executive function include sex, education level, and study discipline, as well as overall time
Population Structure, Site Fidelity, and Residency Patterns of Whale Sharks (Rhincodon typus) in Botubarani Waters, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia
Full text linkWhale shark (Rhincodon typus) is the largest fish species in the world and is classified as endangered. This study is crucial for the conservation of this species and developing effective conservation strategies. The research was conducted in the Botubarani waters, Gorontalo Province. Individual whale shark identification was performed using Photo ID, including the identification of sex and wound location. Photo IDs were processed using the Interactive Individual Identification System (I3S) software and includes information related to the ID, body length, and the time the individual was previously identified. Monitoring of the location, number, timing of whale shark presences and water parameters, was carried out through direct field observations. The results showed that 5 whale shark individuals were identified, all of which were male, with lengths ranging from 4.5 to 4.8 meters, and 1 individual had visible wounds. From 78 days of monitoring, Whale sharks were observed for 70 days and not observed for 8 days. The frequency of whale shark appearances ranged from 1 to 4 individuals per day. Whale sharks in Botubarani waters exhibited site fidelity and a mixed migration pattern. The intensity of their presence is quite high. This intensity is supported by ecological conditions that are optimal for the life of whale sharks, particularly those of juvenile age. The measured water parameters significantly influence their presence