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The Notion of Ta’wil (Spiritual Interpretation) in The Tradition of Syī’a Ismā’īliyya: A Study of Al-Sijistānī’s Kitāb Al-Iftikhār
No full textThe community of Syi’a Islma’iliyya (Isma’ilis) constitute the second largest Syi’i community after the Twelvers (Syi’a Itsna’asyariyya) in the Muslim world. They live in more then twenty countries of Asia, Africa, Europe and America. Some of its community consider Aga Khan as their spiritual leader in this era
Spiritualisme Tasawuf dan Alternatif atas Problematik Modern: Sebuah Penjajakan Awal
No full textThis paper explores the relationship between Sufi spirituality and modern problem-solving through an initial examination of Sufism\u27s contributions in a contemporary context. Sufism, as the mystical dimension of Islam, offers a profound spiritual approach to addressing various life challenges. In the modern context, where complex issues such as alienation, identity crises, and materialism often disrupt mental and spiritual well-being, Sufi spirituality can provide significant alternatives. The paper investigates the core principles of Sufism, such as the emphasis on closeness to God, purification of the soul, and achieving inner balance, and how these principles can be applied to address various modern problems. Sufism teaches methods for attaining inner peace through spiritual practices such as dhikr (remembrance of God), contemplation, and self-discipline, which can help individuals cope with stress, anxiety, and dissatisfaction commonly experienced in modern life. The paper also highlights practical examples of how Sufi communities around the world have integrated their teachings with contemporary challenges and how they contribute to individual and social well-being. Through an analytical approach and case studies, this paper aims to provide insights into the potential of Sufi spirituality as an effective alternative for addressing modern issues and offers a foundation for further exploration of Sufism’s relevance and application in contemporary contexts
Kontroversi seputar Wacana Mushaf ‘Utsman
No full textThis article aims to explore various issues surrounding the establishment of the Mushaf ‘Uthmani. This research reveals many intriguing aspects worth highlighting, from the perspectives of the Companions, scholars, and orientalists. The Mushaf ‘Uthmani, the official version of the Qur’an compiled during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan, has often been the subject of debate and in-depth study. The Companions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), who were direct witnesses to the revelation of the Qur’an, had diverse views on the compilation and writing of this mushaf. Some Companions fully supported this process, while others raised criticisms and concerns. Both classical and contemporary scholars have made significant contributions to interpreting and understanding this codification process. They explore the historical, theological, and philological aspects of the establishment of the Mushaf ‘Uthmani, influencing how Muslims view their sacred text. Additionally, Western orientalists have long been interested in studying this process from a critical and academic perspective. Their approaches often differ from traditional Islamic views, sparking dynamic discussions and debates among academics. This study not only delves into the history of the establishment of the Mushaf ‘Uthmani but also considers its implications for the development of Qur’anic studies, from both the internal perspective of Muslims and the external perspective of orientalists. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this paper offers a comprehensive understanding of the complexities and dynamics surrounding the establishment of the Mushaf ‘Uthmani, while also opening up space for further discussion in the future
Tauhid dan Takdir
No full textThis paper explores the topics of tawhid and destiny, examining the relationship between Allah and humanity. In this discussion, several important questions arise, such as: To what extent does the power of Allah the Almighty relate to human actions? Do humans have freedom in their actions, or is everything predetermined by Allah’s will, making humans like puppets that do not move without the puppet master’s direction? Has Allah predetermined the course of human life from the beginning? And is the fate of humans, both good and bad, already decided by Allah, with humans merely living out their destiny? Other relevant questions include whether the determination of entry into paradise or hell is an divine decree. Through analyzing these questions, this paper aims to explore the dynamics between Allah’s power and human freedom, as well as its implications for our understanding of destiny and moral responsibility
Akhlak dalam Perspektif Hadis: Sebuah Upaya Pencarian Relevansi Bagi Konteks Modern
No full textThe study of ethics, particularly from the perspective of hadith in a modern context, is crucial as it represents the second source of Islamic teachings after the Qur\u27an. An ethical study from the hadith perspective is relevant for understanding Islamic moral teachings and their application in daily life. Hadith, being the second source of Islamic guidance after the Qur\u27an, provides profound and relevant ethical guidance for various aspects of life, including addressing moral and social challenges in the modern era. The importance of studying ethics from the hadith perspective becomes more urgent when related to the situation in Indonesia, a predominantly Muslim country currently undergoing reforms in politics, economy, social, and cultural spheres. These reforms are a response to the economic crisis that triggered a political crisis, with moral crises such as corruption, collusion, and nepotism often seen as primary causes of these issues. In this context, understanding and applying the ethical values found in hadith can significantly contribute to restoring morality and integrity in society. This paper aims to explore how ethical teachings from hadith can be applied to address the moral and social challenges facing Indonesia today. Through text analysis of hadith and social-political context, this research will examine how hadith principles can help address moral crises and strengthen reform efforts across various sectors. This paper is expected to provide insights into the relevance of hadith ethics in the modern context and its contribution to solving moral issues in Indonesia
Reintegrasi Ilmu
No full textTuhan telah memberi kita pilihan, bahkan pilihan untuk beriman atau ingkar kepada-Nya. Apapun pilihan akhirnya, kita harus bertanggungjawab terhadapnya, dalam arti menanggung segala konsekuensi, termasuk implikasinya terhadap pandangan dunia dan keilmuan kita
Frithjof Schuon dan Filsafat Perenial
No full textThe study of religion has evolved significantly over time, generally divided into two main approaches: normative and empirical. Theology and philosophy of religion belong to the normative category, while sociology of religion, psychology of religion, and history of religion fall under the empirical category. However, both approaches face criticism: the normative approach is often seen as overly dogmatic, while the empirical approach tends to reduce religion to a purely anthropological phenomenon. In response to these limitations, a new orientation in religious studies has emerged—one that seeks a more sympathetic understanding of different faiths. While phenomenology offers an approach to grasping religious experiences, it does not necessarily uncover the deeper unity underlying religious diversity. This is where perennial philosophy comes into play. One of the foremost scholars devoted to the perennialist approach in modern times is Frithjof Schuon. His works cover a wide range of religious traditions, from Christianity to Native American spirituality, from Islam to Japanese Shintoism. Unlike many Western scholars who focus primarily on the exoteric, empirical aspects of religion, Schuon begins with the esoteric essence of religious doctrines and symbols before examining their exoteric expressions. This method is evident in his three major works on Islam: Understanding Islam, Dimensions of Islam, and Islam and the Perennial Philosophy
Fundamentalisme Islam, Krisis Modernitas dan Rekonstruksi Identitas
No full textIslamic fundamentalism, often associated with radical Islamism, has become a central issue in public discourse, particularly in post-reform Indonesia. The emergence of hardline Islamic groups, such as Laskar Jihad, Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (MMI), and Front Pembela Islam (FPI), has raised concerns about the possible radicalization of Islam in a country known for its moderate traditions. This study provides a preliminary descriptive and analytical exploration of these movements within contemporary Indonesia. It begins with a general discussion of Islamic fundamentalism and then focuses on its specific manifestations in Indonesia’s current socio-political landscape. The paper aims to shed light on the dynamics of these groups, their ideological foundations, and their impact on Indonesia’s religious and political identity
Metodologi Periwayatan Hadis
No full textThe ḥadīth of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) serves as the second primary source of Islamic teachings after the Qur’an. However, the transmission of ḥadīth differs significantly from that of the Qur’an. While all Qur’anic verses were transmitted through mutawātir (massively transmitted) chains, ḥadīth are classified into mutawātir and āḥād (solitary reports). Consequently, the Qur’an holds the status of qaṭʿī al-wurūd or qaṭʿī al-thubūt, meaning its authenticity is universally accepted. In contrast, ḥadīth, especially those classified as āḥād, require rigorous scrutiny to determine their authenticity. Thus, ḥadīth are generally regarded as ẓannī al-wurūd or ẓannī al-thubūt, indicating their authenticity is probabilistic rather than definitive. While the primary concern in Qur’anic studies is understanding and applying its teachings, the study of ḥadīth encompasses not only comprehension and implementation but also the examination of its transmission. This necessity led to the development of ʿIlm al-Dirāyah, a specialized discipline focused on the methodologies of ḥadīth transmission. This paper explores the methodologies of ḥadīth transmission, including the conditions for acceptance and narration, different methods and forms of transmission, and efforts in ḥadīth dissemination. It begins by defining and comparing al-riwāyah and al-shahādah, followed by a discussion on scholarly differences and the author’s analytical perspective
Teologi Pembebasan di Amerika Latin: Perspektif Sosiologi Marxis
No full textLiberation Theology in Latin America emerges as a theological reflection shaped by a socio-political context characterized by oppression, economic disparity, and cultural alienation. This theological movement seeks three interrelated forms of liberation: first, liberation from economic, social, and political oppression; second, liberation from institutionalized violence and dehumanization; and third, spiritual liberation from sin, enabling communion with God and humanity. However, its application has sparked controversy due to its Marxist analytical approach, which promotes political revolution, justifies violence, and challenges ecclesiastical authority. Critics argue that this theological perspective aligns with atheistic, materialistic, radical, and anti-capitalist ideologies, positioning it in opposition to Western thought