Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis
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COASTAL VULNERABILITY PREDICTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE: STUDY CASE IN CIREBON COASTAL LAND
Get PDFCoastal area is the most vulnerable area to climate change. Cirebon coastal land in Western Java, Indonesia is low-lying coastal area which is one of the potential areal for fish culture and farming. There are also major transportation facilities for western Java province to the whole area in the island (Java) through this area. As low-lying landscape, populated and developing city, Cirebon should be considered vulnerable to future sea level rise. Geomorphology, geo-electric and remote sensing study were conducted during 2008 and 2009 in coastal land of Cirebon. The result showed that most part of coastal area in Cirebon was eroded in various scales which vulnerable turn to worst. Sea water was penetrating throughout several kilometres inland. Valuation on various land-uses would project 1,295,071,755,150 rupiah/ha/year of loss while sea level were rose 0.8 meters that would inundate various land-uses i.e., Shrimp, fish and salt ponds, rice fields and settlement in the area.Keywords: vulnerability, coastal, climate change, sea level ris
TOXICITY TEST OF EXTRACTS OF THE FOUR SEA CUCUMBER (FAMILY HOLOTHURIIDAE) FROM EAST PENJALIRAN ISLAND, SERIBU ISLANDS, JAKARTA BASED ON THE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BSLT)
Get PDFSea cucumber is one of the marine bioactive compounds resources . The properties of the bioactive compound are biologically shown by their functions as anticancer, antifungi, hemolytic, and immunomodulatoryt. The purpose of this research is to predict (determine) the toxicity level of the extracts of Actinopyga miliaris, Holothuria leucospilota, Bohadschia argus, and Bohadschia marmorata collected from Penjaliran Timur Island, Seribu Island National Park Jakarta. The method used in this research is Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The result of this research showed that all of the extract from those species are active in BSLT, indicated by LC50 values of less than 1000 μg/ml. Bohadcshia argus is highest active species indicated by LC50 value 69,254 μg/ml. Water fraction of H. leucospilota’s crude extract is the most active fraction indicated by LC50 50,968 μg/ml.Keywords: Brine Shrimp Lethality Test, Crude Extract, Fractionation, Family Holothuriidae, Sea Cucumbe
COASTAL ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY ON COASTAL CITIES IN INDONESIA
Get PDFIndonesia is known as a country with a strong in shipping, both nationally and internationally, which is shown by the number of coastal cities in Indonesia. Population growth in coastal cities in line with history of civilization who lived along the coast of Indonesia. Population growth led to expansion of the coastal cities in Indonesia, this increase affect land use change. Changes in land use, especially use of forest, will increase the use of setlement and agricultural caused an impact on increasing the contaminant throw into the river body or water body. Eventually cause contamination into the sea also increase, mainly going to affect the coastal environment around the coastal city. The objective is to find out coastal environmental vulnerability on coastal cities in Indonesia using spatial analysis method. First, count the number of population growth per year as index of population. Second, the number of land use change will be used as in index of change of land use. Third, count the number of river through the city and towards the sea coast, the results will show the index number of rivers. Index of population growth, land use change index and index number of rivers are combined and used to calculate the level of vulnerability of coastal environment around the coastal city spatially. The conclusion was that the higher the number of population growth, the higher of the landuse change and the most of rivers in the coastal city, that’s the higher the level of vulnerability of coastal environments.Keywords: coastal city, land use, river, environmental vulnerabilit
MORPHOLOGY AND CELL BIOMASS OF SPONGE Aaptos aaptos AND
Get PDFAaptos aaptos and Petrosia sp. sponges are known for their ability to produce potential marine bioactive compound. As a metazoan animal with simple body structure, the morphology and it association with symbiont-bacteria could influence their bioactive compound both type and activity, as much as their habitat adaptation. In order to determine morphology and its cell biomass of Aaptos aaptos dan Petrosia sp., samples were taken from the West Pari Island, at 7 m depth. Preserved samples (in 4% formaldehyde) were examined using a histological mounting and centrifugation method to separate the cells fraction of sponge’s tissues. A. aaptos sponge has a soft body structure with 55.9% skeleton-forming fraction, 14.2% sponge cell fraction and 29.9% bacteria fraction. Meanwhile, Petrosia sp. sponge has a rigid body with dominant skeleton-forming fraction (68.6%), and lesser sponge cell and bacteria associated (19.7% and 11.7%, respectively).Keywords: A. aaptos, Petrosia sp, morphology, cell biomas
BACTERIA ASSOCIATED HOLOTHURIANS: THE KEY OF HABITAT PREFERENCE, DIET, AND FUNCTIO
Get PDFAn investigation of bacteria as holothurians’s feed carried out from May until June 2006 in Medane Bay and Kombal Bay, Lombok, Indonesia. The aims of this study are to know whether holothurians eat bacteria, to observe that bacteria are the key for holothurians’ habitat preference, and to understand the functions of bacteria in holothurians intestine. The results showed there are many kind of bacteria in the substrates and inside intestine of sea cucumber. There are no specificity in performance, species and number of bacteria which found in anterior or posterior of intestine, as well in their substrates. Therefore, the holothurians do not choose specific bacteria for their feed. Bacteria are the consequence of substrates ingested. Some of them can be microflora in holothurians intestine. Bacteria inside holothurians produce some enzymes such as protease, amylase and agarase. This function was proven by the increasing of Total Organic Matters (TOM) in their feces. This evidence supporting Wiedmeyer (1992) statement that sea cucumber adds organic matters in the sediment. So this also firm holothurians’ function in their habitat, as supplier for organic matters. The conclusion is that bacteria are eaten by holothurians by absorption, bacteria is not the key for microhabitat preference for holothurians, and inside the intestine of holothurians, digestion and degradation are the function of bacteria by producing their enzymes.Keywords: bacteria, holothurians, microhabitat preference, functio
CHARACTERISTIC OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY IN EAST INDIAN OCEAN DURING POSITIVE PHASE OF INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE (IOD) OF 1994/1995, 1997/1998, AND 2006/2007
Get PDFThere is an inter-annual phenomenon in the Indian Ocean that occurs because of the interaction between atmosphere and ocean are known Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). IOD is a bipolar structure that characterized by the difference of sea surface temperature to normal. The objectives of this study is to know the characteristic of physical oceanography in the eastern part of Indian Ocean during the formation phase, maturation phase and decay phases of positive IOD. The second objective was to determine the comparative characteristic of physical oceanography in the eastern Indian Ocean between the positive IOD in different years. The strengthening of the South Equatorial Current in transitional seasons I (March-May) followed by early cooling of the SST which is indicated by the formation phase of IOD. At the Southeast monsoon (June to August) and the beginning of the season transition II, there is a visible presence of upwelling in the south of Java, which is then further extends to the peak in September (maturation phase) and begin to disappear in October followed by warming of the SST on the East of Indian Ocean in November (decay phase).Keywords: Indian Ocean Dipole, upwelling, Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis, Eastern Indian Ocea
MICROBIAL COMMUNITY DURING BIOREMEDIATION EXPERIMENTAL ON OIL SPILL IN COASTAL OF PARI ISLAND
Get PDFThere is an information how to identify hydrocarbon degrading bacteria for bioremediation of marine oil spill. We have Bioremediation treatment for degradation of oil spill on Pari island and need two kind of experiment there are tanks experiment (sampling 0 to 90 days) and semi enclosed system (sampling 0 to 150 days). Biostimulation with nutrients (N and P) was done to analyze biodegradation of hydrocarbon compounds. Experiment design using fertilizer Super IB and Linstar will stimulate bacteria can degrade oil, n-alkane, and alkane as poly aromatic hydrocarbon. The bacteria communities were monitored and analyzed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and Clone Library; oil chemistry was analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) was extracted from colonies of bacteria and sequence determination of the 16S rDNA was amplified by primers U515f and U1492r. Strains had been sequence and had similarity about 90-99% to their closest taxa by homology Blast search and few of them suspected as new species. The results showed that fertilizers gave a significant effect on alkane, PAH and oil degradation in tanks experiment but not in the field test. Dominant of the specific bacteria on this experiment were Alcanivorax, Marinobacter and Prosthecochloris.
Keywords: Bioremediation, Biostimulation, DGGE, PAH, Pari Islan
THE EFFECT OF SEASONS AND DEPTHS ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF PEARL OYSTER (Pinctada maxima) IN KODEK BAY, NORTH LOMBOK
Get PDFThe pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) farming in the West Nusa Tenggara waters in particular and in other areas, complained to the mass mortality of pearl oysters saplings on shell width between 3-4 cm. The mass mortality, allegedly as a result of changing in environmental conditions and triggered by the shift in seasons. This research aimed to determine the effect of seasonal variations in water conditions at different depth levels on growth and survival of seedlings of pearl oysters conducted on March 23, 2008 to February 22, 2009. This research was very useful for pearl oyster farming in an effort to suppress the mass mortality rates based on the appropriate level of depth and seasons. Analysis of variance showed that the seasonal factors, the level of depth, and the interaction between both factors responded very significantly on pearl oyster seedling survival. The "significant difference test" showed that the interaction between season and level of 2 m depth provided the best result with 100% survival. The similar survival rate was also found at a depth of 8 m during the transition season I and the east season. For single factor (depth), the best result for growth and survival rate was found in 2 m deep during the transition season I.Keywords: Oyster sapling, Pinctada maxima, growth, mortality, season, depth, Kodek Ba
STUDY OF SHORELINE CHANGES AT JENEBERANG RIVER DELTA, MAKASSAR
Get PDFThe study of shoreline changes during 1990 - 2008 in the delta of the River Jeneberang, Makassar was conducted by evaluating sediment transport into and out of a cell. Longshore sediment transport was computed by considering the influence of heights and angles of the breaking waves. Results of calculation of sediment transport showed that the dominant of sediment transport was to the north during the arrival of the southwest and west waves, and to the south when the wave coming from the northwest. Comparison between shore profiles resulting from model and coastline satellite imagery showed similarity. The difference between the two tend to be occurred at the head land part of the shoreline. This was due to complexity of coastal dynamic at the area. The results of the 19 years shoreline simulation showed that there was a tendency of abrasion at the upsteam head land part as the wave energy tend to converge and accretion at the bay part as the wave energy tend to diverge. Abrasion mainly occurred at Tanjung Bunga (head land) where the coast retreat 181.1 m. Accretion occur in the bay area (Tanjung Merdeka) where the coast advance to the sea for about 59.8 m. The shoreline tend to be stable when the profile was straight such as Barombong Coast.Keywords: abrasion, accretion, sediment transport, shoreline changes
STUDY COMPONENTS OF SHALLOW WATER TIDE (OVER AND COMPOUND TIDES) 1 DIMENSIONAL CHANNEL MODEL BY USING VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION METHOD
Get PDFShallow water tides are very important to improve accuracy of tidal predictions. It is used by port interest, sea transportation, fishing industry, coastal engineering, etc. Simulation of shallow water tides was obtained from harmonic analysis of 1 dimensional channel model (12 grid) by using variational data assimilation (grid 3 and 8). Two partial tides with angular frequencies σ1 = 1,4x10-4 and σ2 = 1,6x10-4 rad/sec and amplitude A1 = 1x10-8 and A2 = 0,5x10-8 meters are used for defining external forcing in the model domain. When inspecting the amplitudes of both partial tides σ1 and σ2 and some of their dominant over- and compound tides (σ3 = 2σ1-σ2 and σ4 = 3σ1), in general the “to be corrected” solution can be improved significantly. Root mean square (rms) error of tidal constituent σ1 between the “reference” and the “to be corrected” without data assimilation is 0,1075 m/sec, and for σ2 is 0,0440 m/sec, respectively. On the other hand, the harmonic analysis of the phase of tidal constituent σ1 showed a good result (root mean square = 0.0000 m/s) and for σ2 (root mean square = 0.0002 m/s).Keywords: shallow water tides, data assimilation, harmonic analysis