Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis
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HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATIONS IN WATER, SEDIMENT AND BIOTA IN KELABAT BAY, BANGKA ISLAND
Get PDFKelabat Bay is a semi enclosed waters divided into two parts, i.e., outer part of Klabat bay facing the Natuna Sea (T Luar) and inner Kelabat bay surrounded by human activities and five river mouths (T Dalam). Study on metal concentrations on sediments and biota was carried out in March and July 2006. Water and sediment samples as well as biota were analyzed using Flame-Atomic Absorption Spectrophotmetry (Flame AAS). The result showed that concentrations of the dissolved heavy metals were generally low with ranged as follows, Pb(1,0 – 26,0 μg L-1), Cd(<0,1– 3,0 μg L-1 ), Cu(1–2,0 μg L-1) dan Zn(1,0–4,0 μg L-1). An average of metal concentrations in sediments were as follows, Pb (11,46 mg kg-1), Cd (0,10 mg kg-1), Cu (2,50 mg kg-1) and Zn(13,64 mg kg-1). Average concentrations of Pb, Cu dan Zn in T Dalam was about double compared to that of sediments of T Luar. However, no significant different was observed between west and south-east monsoon. In contrast, concentrations of Cd in sediment was similar throughout Kelabat bay and influenced by seasons. Accumulation of metals by fishes were mostly lower compared to that of shellfishes. The snail Strombus canarium accumulated the highest of Pb and Cu, cockle Anadara sp was for Cd and Zn.Keywords: heavy metals, water, sediment, biota, temporal variation, Kelabat Ba
BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGES IN NATUNA ISLANDS
Get PDFNatuna Islands cluster consisting of large and small islands which a very diverse ecosystems are occurred, including mangrove, seagrass and coral reefs. These waters can be a conducive habitat for various marine organisms, including foraminifera that can live in all types of waters. Collected foraminifera from a site reflect the relationships between species that are affected by ecological factors and the ability of these organisms adapt to their environment. These organisms are also used in the petroleum and mining line, and studied in the micropaleontology and palaeoecology. Therefore, the data on foraminifera in a marine community, including the waters of Natuna Islands are very important to support the fields. Sampling of this study was conducted in April 2011 in the waters off the coast until the ocean waters covering Bunguran, Subi Besar and Laut Islands. The benthic foraminifera that was collected as abundant in these three waters is symbiont bearing foraminifera, namely Amphistegina lessonii.Keywords: Assemblage, foraminifera, benthic and Natun
SCREENING OF INDONESIAN ORIGINAL BACTERIA VIBRIO SP AS A CAUSE OF SHRIMP DISEASES BASED ON 16S RIBOSOMAL DNA-TECHNIQUE
Get PDFShrimp disease caused by Vibrio sp is one of the main limiting factors in the increasing production in shrimp farming. This disease may kill the shrimp and cause high loss in shrimp culture in South East and East Asia. Samples of 10 individuals of a ten months cultured giant tiger prawn as well as 1 liter pond water and sea waters were collected from shrimp pond in Bengkalis Island, Sumatra. Samples of shrimps were also collected from Jepara shrimp pond in Central Java and they were selected by looking at their behavior and unhealthy physical characteristics. Amplification, rDNA 16s sequencing and bioinformatics analysis to identify Vibrio species were conducted in Biotech Center, BPPT Serpong Banten. The results of DNA sequencing of each bacteria isolate were compared to DNA sequence from international DNA bank database. Tracing were made by BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) system accessed through the internet at http://www./ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast. The result of this study found seven strains of Vibrio sp bacteria where five of which (V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi, V. shilonii and V. vulnificus) were already registered in the world gen bank with homolog level above 97%. Meanwhile, another two strain found in this study were not found in the list of world gen bank and therefore are considered as native Vibrio sp bacteria from Indonesia.Keywords: Vibrio sp, bacteria, shrimp, aquaculture, fish diseas
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FORAMINIFERAL COMMUNITY IN JAKARTA BAY
Get PDFJakarta bay is a unique water since there are hydrological and ecological complexity. In general, the feature of these water consist of three ecological elements that are estuaries, coral reefs and open sea. Each of these ecological element has different hydrology, ecology as well as biological characteristics. As a form of meiobenthic community, foraminifera has adaptive behavior to each of ecological element of the waters. The observation on foraminiferal adaptive behavior due to the hydrological condition of Jakarta Bay was conducted from 2003 to 2009. The result showed that foraminiferal distribution was tend to pursue to the degradation water conditions and constructed a specific pattern. Coastal water and estuary were found dominated by Ammonia beccarii, Calcarine and other larger benthic foraminifera were common in coral reef area, Elphidium and Nonion depressulum were common in open waters area. Based on the diversity indices, the foraminifera in Jakarta Bay has a higher diversity compared to foraminifera in the coastal water of Semarang and Cirebon and among the ecological element of Jakarta Bay, reef area has the highest diversity index than coastal nor open sea area.Keywords: Foraminifera, Calcarine, Jakarta Ba
POTENTIAL ENERGY OF OCEAN CURRENT FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATIONIN COASTAL AREAS OF EAST FLORES, NTT
Get PDFThe electrical energy is one of the important needs for coastal communities particularly in small islands that has not reached by national electricity network. In order to fulfill this particular electricity needs, we do variety diversification efforts, such as the utilization of the ocean currents. The purpose of this survey is to recognize the morphology of seafloor and characteristic of hydro-oceanography as a fixed reference location in using the current energy. The study area is in the Larantuka Strait between Flores and Adonara islands which is part of the Flores Strait, East Nusatenggara Province. The methods of this study are current measurements, tidal and meteorological parameter observations, condition of coastal morphology and seafloor of the study area. The result show that, the location for turbine position is in area with relatively gentle slope morphology at a 20 meters water depth and it is close to local community. Based on the analysis of ADCP mobile current measurement, the minimum current velocity is 0.004 m/sec and maximum 3.68 m/sec. Whereas, from the ADCP static measurements the current velocity is from 0.002 m/sec to 2.83 m/sec. This condition is closely related to the semi-diurnal tide type in the study area, with two pairs of flood and web events within 24 hours. Therefore, the results of ocean current energy analysis indicate that the study area is very potential for using as a power plant location.Keywords: potential energy of ocean currents, power plants, energy diversification, Larantuka Strait, East Flore
MARINE SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS AT KARIMUN JAVA SEA BASED ON STRATIGRAPHIC PROFILE ANALYSIS, TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID (TSS) AND GRAIN-SIZE ANALYSIS (GRANULOMETRY)
Get PDFA sedimentology survey was conducted during “Pelayaran Kebangsaan” research activities with a marine vessel of "Baruna Jaya VIII" in Karimun Java Sea. The objectives of the research were to determine the characteristics of marine water and its sediment, which are important control for coral reef growth in the study area. The survey acquired samples of Total Suspended Sediment (TSS) and gravity coring. Several analyses were then carried out on those samples; TSS analysis to determine the amount of suspended sediments in sea water that reflect the water quality for marine ecology, stratigraphic profile and sediment thickness pattern analyses to determine the sources of sediment, and grain-size analysis based on granulometry to determine deposition energy and grain-size distribution in the area. Those analyses were both conducted on-board Baruna Jaya VIII research vessel and P2O LIPI laboratory in Jakarta. The results showed that in Java Sea nearby Karimun Java Islands, the sediment supply came from the surrounding islands. Two sedimentary units were found in this area. The first units has thickness of tens centimeter from sea bed surface. It is characterized by grayish green color, grain size variation from clay to coarse sand, soft or low density and abundance with shells. The second unit is located beneath the first one, indicated by sharp contact. It is characterized by brownish color, higher density resembling the density of rock, less compacted and can be broken easily by hand, with occasionally thin carbon lenses or remnant of decomposed vegetation, and less shell or fossil At sea surface, TSS distribution shows value between 0.018 and 0.034 gr/l, with average of 0.025 gr/l, whereas at near bottom sea, it ranges between 0.024 and 0.030 gr/l, with average value of 0.027 gr/l. The granulometry shows that more than 50% of sediment is characterized by the abundance of grain size greater than 3 phi. It suggest that sea water around Karimun Java Islands was clear and the current was relatively calm. These conditions were relatively stable for a long time span. Those sea characteristics were important for successful growth of coral reefs and its complementary marine biotas. However, further studies and researches based on chemical and physical characteristics of sea water, and plankton and microbiology variation and abundances are necessary to confirm those presuppositions.Keywords: total suspended solid, gravity coring, stratigraphic profile, granulometry, Karimun Java Se
SKIPJACK TUNA IN RELATION TO SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND CHLOROPHYLL-A CONCENTRATION OF BONE BAY USING REMOTELY SENSED SATELLITE DATA
Get PDFSkipjack tuna is an important species targeting by pole and line fishery in Bone Bay. The distribution and abundance of this species tended to aggregate to the preferred bio-physical environments. To describe the short term relationship between skipjack tuna and oceanographic conditions and to visualize the predicted high catch areas, remotely sensed satellite based-oceanographic sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a together fisheries data were used. Results indicated that the highest skipjack CPUEs were mainly found in coastal areas of Palopo and Kolaka both in 2007 and in 2009 during the period of study. The high tuna concentrations corresponded well with chlorophyll-a of 0.15-0.40 mg mg-3 and SST of 29.0-31.5 °C. The preferred ranges provide a good indicator for initially detecting potential skipjack fishing grounds. This study suggested that thermal and chlorophyll fronts as well as upwelling may important mechanisms in explaining the temporal and spatial dynamics of skipjack tuna distribution and abundance in Bone Bay.Keywords: skipjack tuna, potential fishing grounds, satellite images and front
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF FOUR TYPES OF POLE AND LINER
Get PDFThis study was purposed to compare the stability of four types of pole and liner casco (round bottom, round flat bottom, round sharp bottom and u-v bottom),. The stability value was analyzed by calculating the stability on the curve with the heeling angle of 0-90°. The stability results of each casco type were then compared with the criteria of minimum standard value derived from IMO (International Maritime Organization). Results showed that the four casco types had greater stability values than IMO standard values. This study found that the stability value of the round –sharp bottom casco was better than the others.Keywords: Stability of fishing boat, Pole and liner, casc
THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHOROUS ON GROWTH, FEED EFFICIENCY, MINERAL CONTENT AND BODY COMPOSITION OF BROWN MARBLED GROUPER (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) JUVENILE
Get PDFThe objectives of this study were to know concentration of calcium (Ca) and posphorus (P) in feed for growth, feed efficiency, proximate composition of the body and mineral content of brown marbled grouper juvenile. The study was conducted in the Center for Brackiswater Aquaculture Development, Takalar with randomized completed design 6 x 3 with the treatment of Ca and P supplement in feed i.e., (A) the supplement of 0 g/kg Ca and 0 g/kg P, (B) the supplement of 6 g/kg Ca and 0 g/kg P, (C) the supplement of 0 g/kg Ca and 6 g/kg P, (D) the supplement of 6 g/kg Ca and 6 g/kg P, (E) the supplement of 12 g/kg Ca and 6 g/kg P, and (F) the supplement of 18 g/kg Ca and 6 g/kg P. The result showed that P supplement with doses of 6 g/kg and Ca of 0 g/kg in feed are significantly affects on relative growth, feed efficiency, proximate composition and mineral content of brown marbled grouper juvenile.Keywords: growth, feed efficiency, proximate composition, brown marbled grouper juvenil
REPRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF HUMPBACK GROUPER (Cromileptes altivelis) FROM WILD BROODSTOCK (F-0), FIRST GENERATION BROODSTOCK (F-1), AND SECOND GENERATION BROODSTOCK (F-2)
Get PDFGrouper seeding technology still relies on the broodstock from the ocean, eventhough, the existence of the broodstock is rare and difficult to obtain. The broodstock takes a long time to mature and spawn. Therefore, to anticipate the scarcity humpback grouper from wild, it is important to produce broodfish from aquaculture. This study was aimed to know the reproduction performance of humpback grouper wild broodstock F-0, first generation broodstock (F-1) and second generation broodstock (F-2). The cultured of humback grouper broodstock used three tanks 75 m3 in volume (tank I, II and tank III). Tank I: reared 35 fishes broodstock F-0. Tank II and tank III for reared each 50 fishes F-1 and F-2 broodstock. Food for broodstock from the wild (F-0) was given from fresh trash fish, squid, and added vitamin mixture, vitamin C and vitamin E. Meanwhhile, food given to F-1 and F-2 broodstock was a commercial dry pellet (PG 9-10) that contains following nutrients: protein content of 43%, min. fat of 9%, ash content of 13%, fiber levels of 2%, and moisture content of 12%. Mixture of vitamin C and E were also added. The results showed that the humpback grouper F-0, F-1 and F-2 were cultured in 75 m3 concrete tank was successfully spawn with the fertilization rate of 87%, 78% and 45% respectively. This result proves that the broodstock from F-0 gaved the best results.Keywords: Humpback grouper reproduction, wild broodstock (F-0), first generation (F-1), seccond generation (F-2