Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis
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INFLUENCES OF UPWELLING DURATION AND INTENSITY BASED ON SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALY TOWARD PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY VARIABILITY IN INDONESIAN WATERS
Get PDFThe existence of upwelling generally increases waters productivity. However, the influence of upwelling could be different based on location and time. The difference of upwelling duration and intensity (strength) can affect the variability of primary productivity in Indonesian waters. The estimation of primary productivity during the period of January 2000 to December 2007 was conducted using Carbon-based Production Model (CbPM). Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) Anomaly data on the same period was used as parameter to determine the upwelling conditions. The study locations were west coast of Sumatra, south waters of East Java to East Nusa Tenggara, Banda Sea, Gulf of Bone, Maluku Sea and Halmahera Sea. The results showed that in the south of East Java and Banda Sea have upwelling with longer duration (3–4 months) and higher intensity (decrease in temperature reached >2°C below average), the primary productivity was higher than other locations. Halmahera Sea showed the existence of upwelling only at certain time when El Niño occurred, while Gulf of Bone and Maluku Sea showed the occurrence of upwelling during southeast season only with 2–3 months of duration and vary intensity, which shown with the decrease in temperature ranging from 0,5–1,8oC below average. El-Niño and dipole mode in Indonesia waters generally caused longer duration and stronger intensity of upwelling producing more productivity than normal years.Keywords: Upwelling, Primary Productivity, Carbon-based Production Mode
GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF TROPICAL ABALONE Haliotis asinina SEED IN CONCRETE TANKS AT DIFFERENTS STOCKING DENSITY
Get PDFTropical abalones (Haliotis asinina) is a marine gastropod that has high economic value and consumed by people in the world. In 2002, the production of abalones was 4.076 ton from total production of marine fisheries in the world 8.000 ton. The countries that produce abalone by farming are Taiwan, Cina, South Africa, Japan, Cilie, USA, Australia and New Zealand. Information about the production in Indonesia is scarce. The main issue faced by farmer is higher mortality during post larvae and juvenile. The aim of this research was to observe the influence of abalone seed density in concrete tanks regarding to growth and survival. The research was conducted in January - May 2012 Mataram Marine Bio Industry Technical Implementation Unit, LIPI. Analysis of varians showed that seed densities was not significantly different (P>0.05). The highest survival rate were in density 75 individual/tank with 11.11 % mortality. The highest growth rate were in 50 individual/tank with shell growth rate 0.21cm/14 days and seed weight was 1.23 g.Keywords: growth, survival rate, seed of abalone (Haliotis asinina), densit
PERIODS OF MOUTH OPENING AND YOLK ABSORPTION RELATED TO THE ACTIVITY OF DIGESTIVE ENZYMES IN THE EARLY STADIA FROM THE SECOND GENERATION OF HUMPBACK GROUPER BROODSTOCK
Get PDFThe experiment was carried out to determine the exposure time of the first mouth opening on humpback grouper larval from F2 broodstock on hatchery until 10 DAH (days after hatching) because this phase is a critical phase of larval adaptation from food endogenous (from yolk sac) to the ability of absorbing nutrients from external (exogenous). The eggs used were collected from natural spawning of second generation of humpback grouper reared in the tank size of 150 litre. The mouth opening was observed at 90 and 45 degrees under computerize integrated microscope and processed by a specific software. The rate of yolk absorption was observed in larvae from the beginning to the end of breeding, while the activities of digestive enzymes (trypsin and chymotripsin) were analyzed by enzyme assay techniques. The results showed that the period of mouth opening of larvae of humpback grouper occurred at 3 DAH with mouth openings of 45° as large as 0.103 mm and of 90° as large as 0.156 mm. In the early stadia, the diameter of yolk was 0.1875 mm, while the oil globule was 0.0537 mm. At 4 days after hatching, the yolk and oil globule had been absorbed, while the enzymes trypsin and chymotripsin were detected in the early stadia. The results also showed that the larvae was started to use foods from outside after the age of 4 DAH. Up to the age of 10 days, the mouth opening increased and the activity of trypsin and chymotripsin were still detected.Keywords: progeny larvae of humpback grouper F2, mouth opening, yolk sac, enzym
SEA WATER QUALITY OBSERVED FROM NUTRIENT ASPECT, DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND PH IN THE BANGGAI WATERS, CENTRAL SULAWESI
Get PDFBanggai Waters, Central Sulawesi is very important because the waters is very rich in marine resources and its oceanographic conditions are affected by land and Banda Sea. This research was conducted in June-July 2011 using a research vessel Baruna Jaya VIII. The research objective was to determine water quality based on as an indicator of fertility waters and factors influencing the water quality. The parameters studied were phosphate, nitrate, silicate, dissolved oxygen, and acidity (pH). Water samples were collected using Niskin Bottle attached with CTD form three different depths i.e., surface (0-1 m), middle (20-100 m), and near bottom layer (100-200 m) at 14 stations. Concentrations of phosphate, nitrate, and silicate were analyzed according to the method of Strickland and Parsons. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were measured by Winkler method. The degree of acidity (pH) was measured with pH meter Cyber Scan 300. The results indicated that nutrient concentrations were generally higher in eastern and southern waters. Phosphate concentrations ranged from 0,04–1.70 µg A/l; nitrate 0.28–27.23 µg A/l, and silicate 1.96–46.56 µg A/l. Dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged from 2.14–4.15 ml/l, and pH values from 7.95–8.26. In reference to the quality standards set by the Ministry of Environment (KMNLH), the Banggai Waters, Central Sulawesi is still in good conditions for the life of various biota.. Keywords: water quality, fertility waters, nutrients, Banggai Water
POTENTIAL ROLES OF BIOTIC FACTORS IN REGULATING ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY DYNAMICS IN JAKARTA BAY SHALLOW WATER COASTAL ECOSYSTEM
Get PDFThe dynamics in zooplankton abundance were regulated by changes in water physical-chemical parameters and interaction with biotic factors. In this research we examined the relationship between zooplankton community dynamic and important biotic factors, such as predation and food availability, in Jakarta bay. Plankton samplings were done in 10 sampling stations in Jakarta bay, from July to November 2009. Zooplankton samples were collected using horizontal towing method with NORPAC plankton net (mesh size 300 μm). Salinity, water depth, water temperature, and water transparency were measured. Phytoplankton samples were also collected with the same method as zooplankton, using Kitahara plankton net (mesh size 80 μm). Zooplankton taxas were grouped into two groups, the prey and predatory zooplankton. The results showed that there were two different patterns in zooplankton groups dynamic i.e., the single and double peak. The abundance peak in most zooplankton groups, such as copepods, cirripeds, luciferids, and tunicates, were induced by the high food availability during the phytoplankton bloom in August. The high abundance of prey zooplankton groups in August was responded by the predatory zooplankton groups, resulting in high abundance of predatory zooplankton in adjacent month. The high abundance of ctenophores and chordates (fish larvae) were suggested as the main factor for the low abundance of other zooplankton in September. Physical and chemical factors were not the regulating factors due to the stability of those factors during this research period. Thus we concluded that food availability and predator-prey interaction were the main factors which regulate zooplankton community dynamics in Jakarta bay.Keywords: predator-prey interaction, zooplankton, abundance peak, food availability, phytoplankton bloo
FISIOLOGY ADAPTATION OF SANDY ANEMONE (Heteractis malu) EXPOSED TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURES: LABORATORY CONDITION
Get PDFSandy anemone (Heteractis malu), belongs to Phylum Cnidaria, physiologically is very close to coral stone, which was a major component of coral reef ecosystems. As coral stone, Heteractis malu also has symbiotic algae (Zooxanthella). Physiologically, the alga symbiotic relationship of coral stone is almost similar with Heteractis malu. Maintaining Heteractis malu in the laboratory is relativly easier compared to that of coral stone. Advantages of the Heteractis malu vs. stone coral, its body is not covered by limestone makingit easier in processing analyses. The response of the anemone to stress is expected similar with coral stone. This research aims to analyze the response and adaptation of Heteractis malu to the temperature increase of 1 °C and 2 °C of the normal temperature (28 °C). The impact of temperature increases on Heteractis malu did not significantly affect the density of zooxanthellae, however, there was a significant increase of mitotic index. In addition, during a recovery process, Heteractis malu immune system did not show a significant increase based on its mitotic index results tended to decrease during the second phase of stress treatment.Keywords: Adaptation, sandy anemone (Heteractis malu), temperature increase,, zooxanthella
ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF ECHINODERM IN PARI ISLAND, SERIBU ISLANDS
Get PDFPari Island is one of the island in the Seribu Islands region. Abundance of echinoderms in Pari Island waters has been observed since 1969. In this research, data of echinoderms was collected on March 2011 applying quadratic transect method 1 x 1 m2, as well as freely collection methods using snorkel and scuba equipment. Thirteen individuals of echinoderms were collected during the study, one species (Archaster typicus) was found by quadratic transect method and 12 species of echinoderms by freely collection methods. The density of starfish Archaster typicus at the sites was between 2.1 to 4.3 individual/m2.Keywords: Echinodermata, distribution, abundance, density, Pari Island, Seribu Island
PREDICTION OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT DUE TO IRREGULAR WAVE MOTION
Get PDFIn general, waves in coastal environments are irregular and have a random shape with a height and period that was not constant. The accuracy of sediment transport rate prediction is the most important stages in the study of morphology and coastal marine environments. In addition, the predictive model of coastal morphology is more efficient to use the bottom shear stress calculation approach for practical purposes rather than a more complex approach to the modeling of two phases. In this paper, the calculation of sediment transport was based on the bottom shear stress modelling purposed with data validation from the experimental results in the turbulent bottom boundary layer over rough bed under irregular waves. The new approach to estimate the bottom shear stress was based on combining velocity and acceleration terms. Furthermore, a new approach of the bottom shear stress was applied to formulate the sheet flow sediment transport rate for irregular waves by using the experimental data from Dibadjnia and Watanabe (1998) and the empirical formula was found. Keywords: sediment transport, bottom shear stress, irregular wave
INCREASING COLOR QUALITY OF RED EMPEROR SNAPPER Lutjanus sebae SEED THROUGH ENRICHED DIET WITH RED FRUIT Pandanus conoideus OIL AS BETA-CAROTEN SOURCE
Get PDFMarket price of red emperor snapper Lutjanus sebae is often determined by its color performance. Adding beta-carotene on a fish diet would possibly escalate red pigmentation. Oil from a red fruit (Pandanus conoideus, Lam) known as potential beta-carotene source was used as a supplement diets. The dosage of 10, 5, and 0 ml were added to every kg of pellet as the treatment. Three hundred seeds with initial average length of 8.43±0.9 cm and body weight of 13.22±3.9 g were stocked in each of three unit fiberglass tank of 4 m3 seawater (salinity of 33-34). Experiment was conducted during three-month periods. Feeding frequency was twice a day with dosage of 3% of biomass. Monthly monitoring was done to measure the growth rate. Color performance was taken by digital photography at the end of observation and analyzed by conversion methods of color gradation using “Microsoft Adobe Photoshop-8”program. Carotene contents in the diets and fish body was examined. Fed effectivity values were observed by analysis of feed conversion ratio (FCR) and water quality that observed every 3 days. The results showed that the Pandanus conoideus oil as beta-carotene source had a significant role in increasing performance of red emperor snapper color i.e. brighten in red color. Ten ml dosage of Pandanus conoideus oil gave the best color and growth performance with 17.99 cm and 143.10 g for total length and body weight respectively, with 95.67% survival rate.Keywords: Beta-carotene, Color Performance, Red emperor snapper, Red fruit oil
THE DISTRIBUTION OF TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATES ON SEA GRASS Enhalus acoroides AT PARI ISLAND, SERIBU ISLANDS
Get PDFBenthic dinoflagellates causing Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP), could be found attached either on macroalgae or sea grasses. Research on density and distribution of benthic dinoflagellates on sea grass leaves was conducted in Pari Island waters, Seribu Islands, in April 2012. Research was carried out by collecting Enhalus acoroides leaves from each site, and put inside the plastic jars containing seawater. In order to separate the dinoflagellates species from the leaves, the plastic jars were shaken vigorously and the seawater filtered through a series of sieves (125μm and 20μm). The resulted residue was than observed using Sedgewick rafter cell under light microscope. Based on samples collected, eight benthic dinoflagellates were found, where five of them were potentially toxic. They were Prorocentrum concavum, P. lima, P. rhathymum, Ostreopsis lenticularis, and O. siamensis. The highest abundance was found in the reef flat on the southern side of the island (652 sel/cm2 seagrass leaf). Research showed that the density and distribution of toxic dinoflagellates on sea grass at Pari Island, Seribu Islands were more influenced by local water currents.Keywords: benthic dinoflagellates, Ciguatera Fish Poisoning, Pari Island, seagras