Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis
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WATER CONDITIONS OF CORAL REEFS WITH FORAMINIFERA BENTHIC AS BIOINDICATOR BASED FORAM INDEX IN BANGGAI ISLANDS, PROVINCE OF CENTRAL SULAWESI
Get PDFResearch of water condition of coral reefs with foraminifera benthic as bioindicator based on FORAM Index (FI) in Banggai Islands, Province of Central Sulawesi was conducted by P2O-LIPI, Jakarta team in July 2011. This study was an exploratory research, conducted using survey methods. Sediment sampling was collected by a Van Veen Grab and measurement of other biotic and abiotic parameters was performed in 8 point sampling stations scattered in Banggai islands. Sediment samples were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to identify the types of foraminifera, determines FORAM Index, and find out the relationship between FORAM Index with condition of coral reefs views by coral cover. The results showed that foraminifera benthonic as bioindicator were 75 species, which belong to 33 genera. Water conditions of Banggai Islands by FORAM Index (FI) values ranged from 2.99 to 5.54. There was a fairly close relationship between FI with condition of coral reefs views by percentage coral cover in Banggai Islands. Keywords : coral reefs, FORAM Index, foraminifera benthic, Banggai Island
REPRODUCTION ASPECTS OF THE YELLOWFIN TUNA (Thunnus albacares)
Get PDFTuna is one of the important fishery commodities in Indonesia, including tuna caught by longliners in Indian Ocean. The most popular of tuna is yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Currently, the production of tuna based on the capture fisheries, therefore, in order to preserve its sustainability, the understanding of the biological and reproduction aspect is required. Research on the biological reproduction of this species was conducted at Gondol Research Institute for Mariculture. Samples of female gonad were collected from Indian Ocean tuna longliners during April to July 2009 from the processing companies within Benoa Port. Result of the histological analysis on 128 female gonads showed that majority of gonads were at the early development level and the only 16 gonads have reached at the mature level. The analysis of the oocyte development showed the asynchronous, indicating that yellowfin tuna is a multiple spawner.Keywords: yellowfin tuna, gonad, asynchronou
MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY OF EACH PROVINCE IN INDONESIA
Get PDFInteraction between mainland and ocean are not balance. That means condition in mainland will higher affect the ocean, but not vice versa. Indonesia as a tropical island country has very long beaches and many rivers flow into the sea. The increased population in each province will have an impact on increasing contaminant into the river, so those are will cause the contaminant into the sea increasing. The problem statement is at what level of the marine environmental vulnerability in each province? Using methods of spatial analysis those find the spatial pattern of the marine environmental vulnerabilities in Indonesia. Level of the marine environmental vulnerability is generated based on numbers of regency along the coast line, including the total of population and population growth in each province and the number of rivers along the coast line. Conclusion in this research is province with the very high level of the marine environmental vulnerability is eleventh provinces, fifteenth provinces with high level, five provinces with moderate level, and two provinces with the lowest level. The province with very high level is caused by variation combination from the high number of regency along the coast line, including the highest number of population and population growth and the highest number of river. Such conditions may cause high vulnerability in some provinces such as Nanggroe Aceh Darusallam, Bangka Belitung, Kepulauan Riau, Banten, Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Tengah and Sulawesi Tenggara.Keywords: Vulnerability, marine environmental, spatial analysi
FOULING ORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH MANGROVE IN AMBON INNER BAY
Get PDFLimited literatures exist on fouling organisms attached to mangrove in Ambon Inner Bay (AIB). The purpose of this research is to obtain updated information on fouling organism in this ecosystem. Samplings were carried out in two periods, representing first transition period and west monsoons, at two different locations in AIB (Poka and Kate-kate). Methods used were direct observation and descriptive exploration during sampling. Fouling organisms and mangrove type were identified using identification books. The results obtained indicate that predominant organisms belonged to mollusks and crustacea. Four gastropod species (Littorina scabra, Nerita oualaniens, Terebralia sulcata, Cassidula nucleus) and one bivalve (Saccostrea cucullata) were identified. Clibanarius ambonensis and Cardisoma carnifex were the species identified from crustacea group. Type of mangrove found, either naturally or through replanting program in Poka were Rhizophora apiculata, R. stylosa and Sonneratia alba. There were four different species found in Kate-kate (S. alba, R. apiculata, Ceriops tagal and Aegiceras corniculatum).Keywords: fouling organisms, mangrove ecosystem, Ambon Inner Ba
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF SHORELINE CHANGES IN THE COASTAL OF SUBANG DISTRICT, WEST JAVA
Get PDFABSTRACT Observation of coastal shoreline changes in the Subang District was conducted using Digital Shoreline Analysis System Program based on the satelite images of Landsat TM from 1996 to 2010. The purpose of this study was to determine the distance of shoreline change. Methods used in this study were field survey and regression analysis of shoreline data. The results of this study indicated the existence of a region experiencing accretion and abrasion. The maximum width of accretion of the coast was 1,051.55 meter while the maximum abration was 1,206.83 meter. Coastal shoreline change in Subang District occurred mainly due to the development activities such as residential construction, altering the coastal mangrove to ponds and rice paddies, and sediment transport from the river around Subang District. Keywords: shoreline, Subang District, satelite images, accretion, abratio
INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW TRANSPORT VARIATIONS AND OCEANOGRAPHIC’S PARAMETER IN TIMOR SEAS AS AN INDICATION OF ENSO EVENTS
Get PDFVariation of Indonesian Throughflow transport, salinity, and temperature at surface level of Timor Seas monthly, seasonal, and annual mean scale was studied using the datasets provided by IRI/LDEO Climate Data Library i.e Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) for the salinity. The period data used in this study was 1995-2004, ERSST for the temperature. The Indonesian Thourghflow transport was obtained from Hautala et al. (2001). Result of this study showed there was influence of monsoon and ENSO on oceanographic parameters. During the South East (SE) monsoon, an emptiness on the surface water occurred in Timor Seas due to the easterly wind, which causes the upwelling. The results was also shown that during the SE monsoon the average temperature was 26.84oC, salinity was 34.35, and Indonesian Throughflow transpor was -0.34 Sv. While during the North Western (NW) monsoon the average temperature was 29.6 oC, salinity was 34.22, and the Indonesian Throughflow transport was -0.27 Sv. The negative value (-) means that the flow toward the Indian Ocean. In addition, based on temporal correlation between Indonesian Throughflow transport and NINO 3.4 index was found that the annual mean variability increases (-0.18 Sv) during La Niña period and decreased (-0.13 Sv) during period El Niño. These indicated that ENSO phenomena influenced the transport across the Equatorial Pacific east-west. Keywords: Indonesian throughflow, salinity, temperature, SODA, Monsoon, ENSO, Timor Seas
A CONCEPTUAL MODEL ANALYSIS OF SST INFLUENCE ON MARINE BIOTA IN THE SOUTH JAVA SEA
Get PDFWe developed a conceptual coupled atmosphere-ocean-ecosystem model for the South Java seas to investigate interaction between marine biota and SST variability due to monsoon-forced. Ocean and atmosphere are represented by a box model for one dimensional water column. The equation of motions of the zonal wind stress and SST are represented in term of nonlinear oscillator model. Marine biota are represented by three components (nutrient, phytoplankton and zooplankton) of NPZ Edward-Brindley model. The marine ocean-atmosphere coupling mechanism is done through the absorption of blue light by phytoplankton. The system of nonlinear dynamical equation is solved by using Matlab ODE solvers. Monthly SST data is used to compare the model. Result showed that the period and amplitude of oscillation of SST and ecosystem component strongly depend on the parameter choice which describes the dynamical characteristic of the system. The SST and ecosystem variability will strongly correlate with monsoonal wind if we choose the parameter of light attenuation by water 0.2 m-1. Strong seasonal variations associated with monsoonal winds were observed for SST, phytoplankton and zooplankton concentration. On the other hand, the nutrient concentration shows a weak seasonal variationKeywords: SST, NPZ, monsoon, delayed oscillato
CULTURE OF EMPEROR SNAPPER Lutjanus sebae
Get PDFEmperor snapper Lutjanus sebae is one of marine fishery commodities with high economic value, therefore capture rate of this fish is very high. To maintain its sustainability in nature, the culture of this species should be done in proper manner to support their conservation. This study was aimed to determine the culture technology of emperor snapper L. sebae. The eggs for this study was taken from wild broodstocks that have been domesticated in concrete rearing tank. Larval rearing was done in 500 liter polyethylene tank placed in hatchery. Phytoplankton Nannochloropsis oculata was used during larval rearing period. Larvae was fed with zooplanktons such as rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis and copepod Tisbe holothuriae in the beginning of rearing and artemia starting in day 16. Observed parameters were absorption of endogenous energy, preferrence of food, larval growth and survival rate. The result indicated that total length of newly hatched larvae were 2,44-2,63 mm, while yolk sac and oil globule were 179x10-3 - 183 x10-3 mm3 and 0,66x10-3 - 0,67x10-3 mm3, respectively. Yolk sac was absorbed at 60 hours after hatching, while oil globule almost totally absorbed at 80 hours after hatching. Live food rotifers were dominantly preferred by larvae until 10 days old, while copepods and artemia were preferred after 12 and 16 days. Larval rearing period was 22-29 days at water temperature 28.5-30.0°C. Survival rate of larvae were between 1.5 until 2.1%, while juveniles were 84.00-100.00%.Keywords: Emperor snapper, L. sebae, culture technolog
ABUNDANCE OF DIATOM AT THE GUMILAMO AND MAGALIHO ISLAND, NORTH HALMAHERA
Get PDFObservation on abundance of diatom has been conducted in Gumilamo-Magaliho waters, North Halmahera. The aims of this study were to identify and analyze daily fluctuations of diatom abundance also analyze the biological indices in the plankton in that waters and . Sampling was conducted at three stations representing the strait, mangrove areas and estuary. Plankton were collected using a plankton net no.25. Sampling was carried out for 24 hours with six hour interval. Identification and counting of cells using a microscope with 400x magnification. The results showed that seven genera of diatoms were found: Chaetoceros sp. with the highest of cells abundance (5.061 cells/L), successively followed by Nitzschia sp. (611 cells/L), Thalassionema sp. (569 cells/L), Skeletonema sp. (446 cells/L), Coscinodiscus sp. (176 cells/L), Navicula sp. (40 cells/L) and Amphora sp. (11 cells/L). At station I and II showed that the maximum abundance occurred at 6 am, and the minimum abundance occurred at 6 pm. At station III the maximum abundance occurred at midnight and a minimum abundance occurred at noon. Diatoms showed different daily fluctuations at different time and stations. The supporting diversity index value of medium, low uniformity, and no dominance factor causing the Gumilamo-Magaliho waters can be developed for aquaculture.Keywords: diatom, diatom abundanc
REPRODUCTION BIOLOGY OF TRUE PERCULA CLOWN FISH Amphiprion percula IN HATCHERY
Get PDFTrue percula clown fish (Amphiprion percula) is one of marine ornamental fish with high economic value and can spawn throughout the year in an aquarium. The aims of this research were to understand reproduction aspects of true percula clown fish broodstock in an aquarium. A pair of broodstock used in this experiment were 4-9 cm in total length and maintained in an aquarium of 60x40x30 cm3 dimension. Numbers of brrodstock were 18 pairs and each aquarium filled with one pair of broodstock. During the experiment, fish were fed with artificial feed first and one hour later with mysids shrimp and copepod until satiation twice a day. Parameters observed were broodstock size, numbers and hatching rate of eggs. The results showed, the size of spawned female were range from 6.6-9.5 cm and male from 4.6-6.2 cm. Average of eggs produced per spawning was varied 423±255 with the average of spawning frequency was 2.78±0.38 times/month. Broodstock was spawn partially with the maximum spawning frequency of single broodstock was 4 times/month. The biggest female with size of 9.5 cm was still productive and spawn 3 times/month. There was a pair of broodstock which can produce more than 700 eggs/spawning. This results indicated that true percula clown fish can spawn throughout the year in the aquarium with varied of eggs number and spawning frequency for each individual and spawning period. The average of hatching rate during the experiment was 79.72±13.73 % with range between first to the next spawning 0f 7-14 day.Keywords: reproduction, true percula clown fish, Amphiprion percula, hatching rat