Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis
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CONCENTRATION OF Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb AND Zn IN SEDIMENT OF GRESIK WATERS
Get PDFGresik coastal waters is one of the areas that have a potential risk for environmental damage due to anthropogenic activities. Water and sediment samples were collected to determin metals concentration and to identify sediment quality in February 2012. Twelve samples were collected for analysis of mercury (Hg) and four other metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn). Mercury was analyzed using USEPA method 7471B with Flameless-AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) varian type SpectarAA VGA 20-76 and the other metals were analyzed using USEPA 30050B with Flame-AAS. Results showed that ranges and average concentrations of Hg were 0.04-0.33 (0.13) mg/kg, Cd 0.08-3.05 (0.64) mg/kg, Cu 23.7-234.0 (85.5) mg/kg, Pb 1.74-12.7 (4.29) mg/kg, and Zn 77.0-405.0 (133.0) mg/kg. Metals with high concentrations were detected in some places and by SQG-Q, surface sediment showed a moderate impact level of biological adverse effects in aquatic sediments. Keywords: mercury, heavy metal, sediment, Gresik
BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA AS BIOINDICATOR OF CORAL REEF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION BASED ON FORAM Index IN NATUNA ISLANDS, PROVINCE OF RIAU ISLANDS
Get PDFForaminifera is one of single-celled protozoa, living in the water environment especially marine waters. This organism can be used as bioindicator of environmental conditions of coral reefs through a simple index called FORAM Index. The purpose of this research are to obtain FORAM Index values, to know any species of benthic foraminifera bioindicator of coral reefs environmental conditions that have been found and to find out whether there is a relationship between FORAM Index to the condition of coral reefs based on coral coverage percentage. The research used survey method on sediment sampling and measurement of environment parameters by P20 LIPI team in April 2011. Several important steps in this research such as sediment samples preparation, sample observation, and sample identification. The results showed that there were 80 species and 31 genera benthic foraminifera bioindicator of coral reefs environmental conditions were found in the Natuna Islands. The condition of coral reefs in the Natuna Islands based on FORAM Index (FI) values ranged from 2.6 to 5.94, and overall there was a positive relationship between FORAM Index and the condition of coral reefs based on coral coverage percentage i.e., the increase of FI was followed by the increase of coral coverage percentage. However, in the terms of correlation there were several different results, there was a strong correlation and a weak correlation. Keywords: foraminifera, FORAM index, coral reef
THE GROWTH PATTERN OF BLACKSADDLED CORALGROUPER LARVAE (Plectropoma laevis LACEPÈDE, 1801) AND THEIR CONSUMPTION RATE TO ZOOPLANKTON ROTIFER (Brachionus rotundiformis)
Get PDFBlacksaddled coralgrouper Plectropoma laevis has been started to conserve to prevent from over exploitation. The study purposes were to determine the growth pattern during larvae to juvenile stage of Blacksaddled coralgrouper and their consumption rate to zooplankton rotifers Brachionus rotundiformis. Domesticated broodstocks have been rearing in 100,000 l concrete tanks. The eggs from spawning broodstocks were hatched and the larvae have been kept to juvenile. Larvae rearing was done in 6,000 l concrete tanks. During the rearing period, larvae were fed with zooplankton rotifer, artemia and artificial food. Parameters measured were eggs and oil globule diameter, larval total length, length of larval dorsal fin and ventral fin, the number of zooplankton that consumed by larvae and water temperature. Microscopic method was used to measure the parameters. The result showed that eggs and oil globule diameter ranged in 800-850 μm and 168-200 μm, respectively. Total length of newly hatched larvae was 2.53±0.13 mm. The growth pattern of total length from larva to juvenile stage was exponential, while the growth pattern of dorsal fin and ventral fin length was linear. Larvae grew very fast after 35 days old. The pattern of larval consumption rate to zooplankton rotifers was linear. Time period from larvae to juvenile stage was 45-55 days on water temperature 27-29oC.Keywords: growth, consumption rate, rotifers, larvae, Blacksaddled coralgroupe
THE GRUNTS (FAMILY HAEMULIDAE) OF THE SPERMONDE ARCHIPELAGO, SOUTH SULAWESI
Get PDFFish diversity monitoring could be utilized as a basis for formulating management regulation of the fisheries resources. This study was conducted to describe the grunt of the family Haemulidae from the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi. Specimens were collected in Rajawali and Paotere Fish Landing Port Makassar, South Sulawesi from August 2003 to November 2010. The results showed that there were thirteen species representing three genera of family Haemulidae inhabiting the area were examined and identified: Diagramma pictum (Thunberg, 1792), Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell, 1838), Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède, 1801, Plectorhinchus chrysotaenia (Bleeker, 1855), Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830), Plectorhinchus gibbosus Lacepède, 1802, Plectorhinchus lessonii (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830), Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Plectorhinchus picus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830), Plectorhinchus polytaenia (Bleeker, 1852), Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål, 1775), Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch, 1793). The local name available of each species was given.Keywords: grunt, haemulidae, spermonde, south Sulawes
NUTRIENT PHOSPHATE, NITRATE AND SILICATE DISTRIBUTION OF NATUNA ARCHIPELAGO WATERS
Get PDFResearch on phosphate, nitrate and silicate distributions of Natuna ArchipelagoWaters was conducted using RV Baruna Jaya VIII in April 2011. Concentration of phosphate, nitrate and silicate were analyses by Spectrophotometry. The purpose of the study was to assess the distribution of nutrients as fertility indicator of marine life. The results showed that the phosphate concentration at surface layer of Subi, Bunguran, and Laut islands ranged from 0,04 to 0,22 µg A/l, 0,04 to 0,18 µg A/l and from 0,04 to 0,13 µg A/l, with average 0,11 µgA/l, 0,08 µgA/l and 0,07 µg A/l, respectivelly. Concentration of nitrate ranged from 0,31 to 4,90 µg A/l, 0,23 to 2,29 µg A/l and from 0,14 to 0,32 µg A/l with average of 90 µgA/l, 0,78 µg A/l and 0,22 µg A/l, respectivelly. Silicate concentration ranged from 2,97 to 5,35 µg A/l, 2,28 to 4,85 µg A/l and from 2,28 to 3,57 µg A/l with average 4,49 µgA/l, 3,62 µg A/l and 3,02 µg A/l,respectivelly. While phosphate concentration at bottom layer of Subi, Bunguran and Laut islands ranged from 0,04-0,27 µg A/l, 0,04-0,31 µg A/l and 0,09-0,22µg A/l,, with average 0,13 µgA/l, 0,13 µgA/l dan 0,12, µg A/l respectivelly. Concentration of nitrate ranged from 2,59-5,61µg A/l, 0,73-4,75 µg A/l and 2,06-3,03 µg A/l with average 2,85 µgA/l, 3,14 µg A/l and 2,49 µg A/ respectivelly. Silicate concentration in Subi, Bunguran and Laut Islands ranged from 4,46-6,21 µg A/l, 3,20-5,84 µg A/l dan 3,07-4,66 µg A/l with average 5,323,73 µgA/l, 4,74 µg A/l dan 3,73 µg A/l. In general concentration of those nutrient of Natuna Archipelago waters was still within the Standard Quality set by the Ministery of Environment (KMNLH). Keywords: nutrient, phosphate, nitrate, silicate, Natuna Archipelago waters
THE COMPOSITION OF SPECIES AND STRUCTURE OF SEAGRASS FISH COMMUNITY IN TANJUNG TIRAM – INNER AMBON BAY
Get PDFThe study was conducted in March - May 2011 in the coastal waters of Tanjung Tiram – inner Ambon bay. The aims of the study were to determine the composition of species and structure of fish communities in seagrass beds ecosystems. Fish were collected every spring and neap tide for three month periode with a swept area method using beach seine. Fishes were collected as many as 6444 individuals representing 68 species from 29 families. Siganus canaliculatus was contributed up to 62.91% of the total individual fish found.The fish community structure was varied between spring and neap tide. Index of dominance was in low category, diversity in medium, and evenness in unstable conditions. Moreover, the results indicated that seagrass ecosystems in Tanjung Tiram (TAD) have an important role as spawning, nursery ground, and feeding ground. Therefore, management and conservation efforts are urgently needed to maintain the ecological role of seagrass ecosystems for the sustainability of the fish resources.Keywords: Seagrass beds, fish community, tanjung tiram, inner Ambon Ba
EFFECT ON DIETARY PROTEIN AND FEEDING RATE ON GROWTH OF TIGER GROUPER (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) JUVENILE
Get PDFThe grouper fish culture was developed after its succesful seed production in hatchery well known. In grow-out culture grouper, the protein requirement and feeding rate have to know well in order to understand the effectiveness on feed utilization . The experiment was designed by factorial design with the first factor as 3 dietary protein (36%, 42%, 48%) and the second factor as 3 feeding rate ( 1,5%, 2,0%, 2,5%). Ten of juvenile tiger grouper (102, 51-102, 73 g of body weight) were stocked in 27 polycarbonate tanks with 400 l volume each. Each tank was equiped with aeration and flow-through water system. Fish was fed three time per day i.e. 08:00, 11:30 and 15:30 Central Indonesia Standard Time for 16 weeks. Every week was measured body weight, survival rate, and feed quantity. The parameter used in this experiment were weight gain, spesific growth rate, feed efficiency and survival rate. The results of the experiment showed that the combination of protein level (36%, 42%, 48%) with feed ratio (1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%) gave response on growth, weight gain and survival rate. Combination dietary protein level of 48% and feed ratio 1.5% gave higher weight gain and survival rate with values of 104.05 ± 5.89% and 96.67 ± 5.57 %, respectively.Keywords: Dietary protein and feeding rate , growth, tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus
ZOOPLANKTON SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN BANGGAI SEA
Get PDFBanggai Sea is an interesting ecosystem due to mixing influences from Banda Sea in the west and Maluccas Sea in the east. Therefore, a unique zooplankton community structure and specific distribution pattern should be found in this area. This research was carried on using Baruna Jaya VIII research vessel and samples were collected in 14 sampling stations. Vertical towing using NORPAC plankton net (300 μm) was conducted to collect zooplankton samples. Result showed that inner Mesamat Bay had the lowest abundance of zooplankton, probably due to low water quality resulted from anthropogenic activity. Meanwhile the strait between Liang and Labobo Island had the highest zooplankton abundance in Banggai Sea. Calanoids was the dominant zooplankton taxa in the ecosystem and contributing 55.7% of total density of zooplankton community. The highest importance value made this taxa to be very important factor that regulates the lower trophic level organisms. Results also showed that zooplankton was distributed nearly uniform in eastern but aggregated to several stations in western Banggai Sea. Zooplankton abundance was higher in the central of Banggai Sea, compared to western and eastern area. According to Bray-Curtis clustering analysis the strait between Liang and Labobo Island has unique zooplankton community structure. This might happened due to mixing of water from two highly productive seas that influenced the Banggai Sea ecosystem. From this research we conclude that this strait probably was the zooplankton hot spot area which might also indicate that this area also a hot spot of fishes in the Banggai Sea.Keywords: spatial distribution, zooplankton, community structure, hot spot, Bangga
EFFECT OF CALCIUM – PHOSPHOROUS WITH DIFFERENT RATIO ON NUTRIENT RETENSION AND CHANGES THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TIGER SHRIMP JUVENILE (Penaeus monodon FABR.)
Get PDFCalcium and phosphorous are two important minerals because of their functions for growth and bone mineralization as well as lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms. The study purposes were to determine the effects of calcium and phosphorus with different ratios of nutrient retention and chemical composition changes of juvenile shrimp body. Organism used in this experiment were juvenile tiger prawns with an average weight of 3.43 ± 0.05 g/fish. Stocking density was 6 fish per aquarium (size 60cmx50cmx40cm). This research was formulated according to completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates. The treatments applied were the ratio of calcium and phosphorus in shrimp food i.e., A (Ca/P=1:0,5), B (Ca/P=1:1,0), C (Ca/P=1:1.5) and D (Ca/P=1:2,0 ). Food was served four times per day i.e. 07.00 AM, 11.00 AM, 15.00 PM, and 21.00 PM.. The juvenile tiger prawns maintained for 8 weeks. The results showed that calcium and phosphorus with different ratios in the diet did not give effect to the retention of nutrients include protein, fat, calcium, and phosphorus. While the provision of calcium and phosphorus in different ratios to changes in body chemical composition includes protein, fat and ash content of juvenile tiger prawns have a significant effect except for crude fiber and BETN not significant. The result indicated that the ratio of Ca and P with a value of 1:1.0 to 1:1.5 gave better effect in changing the chemical composition of juvenile shrimp body.Keywords: tiger shrimp juvenile, retention of nutrients, chemical compositio
CONDITIONS OF MARITIME METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY IN THE VICINITY OF KOTOK ISLAND, SERIBU ISLANDS: APRIL 2011
Get PDFMeteorological data measurement by an Automatic Weather Station (AWS) were carried out at the pier of Kotok Island for East Monsoon period on April 2011 to obtain the changes phenomenon of maritime meteorological parameter and their correlation with the changes of oceanographic condition in shallow waters area and its surrounding. The measurement consists of surface wind parameter, air temperature, humidity, air pressure, and oceanographic data observations such as batimetry, tide, sea current, sea surface temperature, and salinity distributions. Result of maritime meteorological assessment obtained from previous reports (1980, 1998, and 2001) showed that the changes of the maximum air temperature were relatively significant. Furthermore, the air pressure data at the sea surface increased approximately 1.3 mBar. Nevertheless, other meteorological data seemed to be less significant in changes, but indicated a strong correlation with the pattern of tidal current and propagated waves to the shoreline. The changes of oceanographic parameter in the shallow water area were triggered the sedimentation processes, so that the coral reef growth might be decreased.Keywords: Maritime meteorology, oceanographic parameter, flat coral ree